Mechanical
Drafting
Episode 1

MECHANICAL DRAFTING
❑ Is a process for making accurate drawings
using special drawing tools and instruments.
❑ Drafting serves as a guide on how to make
something.
❑ It is a specialized drawing that is sometimes
called construction drawing or working
drawings.

TOOLS AND
EQUIPMENT

DRAFTING BOARD
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- Drawing board is generally
made of soft wood and it is in
rectangular shape. It is used to
support drawing sheet, so, the size
of board is made according the
size of the drawing sheet.

T-SQUARE
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&psig=AOvVaw08QHSWTpAGyc6h6GPho6Xb&ust=1609165447136000&source=images&cd
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T-square is used to draw horizontal and
vertical lines on drawing sheet. It made
of wood or plastic and in T shape. The
vertical part of T is called as blade and
horizontal part of T is called as head.
The edge of head is uniform level and
attached to the edge of the board. The
working edge is used to draw lines
anywhere on the sheet by moving the
instrument top to bottom.

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T-SQUARE
T-square is used to draw horizontal and
vertical lines on drawing sheet. It made
of wood or plastic and in T shape. The
vertical part of T is called as blade and
horizontal part of T is called as head.
The edge of head is uniform level and
attached to the edge of the board. The
working edge is used to draw lines
anywhere on the sheet by moving the
instrument top to bottom.

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in%2F290763719686927190%2F&psig=AOvVaw0a81YZ-1jGlLs_q62mKnzR&us
t=1609165638248000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCKChzKy
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PARALLEL BAR
A Parallel bar is attached by cleats and
pulleys to a particular drawing surface.
It permits the drafter to draw long
horizontal lines and also serves as a
base for the placement of triangles and
other instruments for precision drawing.

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TRIANGLES
A Triangle is a three-sided instrument use
with a t-square. It is a light transparent
that is used in creating lines from a
horinzontal base. The 30/60 triangle is
used in projecting isometric
drawing/lines while the 45/45 degree
triangles are used in projecting lines in
oblique drawing.

ISOMETRIC DRAWING OBLIQUE DRAWING

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DRAWING
PENCILS
Pencils are classified according to
the grade of softness and
hardness of the lead. It is used to
project lines or sketch drawings.

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TECHNICAL PEN
Some designers prefer ink and use a
technical pen as it is capable of precise
line width. An advantage of ink
especially on plastic drafting film is that
it will last several years longer than
pencil.

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COMPASS
It is an instrument that is used
in drawing arcs and circles.

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SCALE
A measuring tool that helps represent the
object’s actual measurement to fit the
desired paper size of the drawing.

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ERASER
It is used to remove unwanted
lines or sketches in a drawing.

https://bookofjoe.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341c5dea53ef0154348b7509970c-pi
ERASING
SHIELD
Is made of thin flat material or plastic
with cut-outs of various sizes and shapes.
It protects the drawn lines from being
erased.

https://cdnimg.webstaurantstore.com/images/products/large/384935/1391113.jpg
PROTRACTOR
It is used to plot angles on
working drawings.

https://4.imimg.com/data4/LY/LG/MY-4088218/drafting-tape-500x500.jpg
DRAFTING
TAPE
Drafting tapes are used to fasten
paper on the drawing board.

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DUSTING
BRUSH
It is used to clean and remove bits from
erasures on the drawing to avoid
smudges on the entire drawing.

WORKING PLANS AND
SKETCHES IN DRAFTING

TYPES OF LINES

Cutting Lines
– show the
major parts
of an object
or building.

Object Lines
– show the
major outline
of an object
or building.

Hidden Lines
– indicate
areas not
seen on the
surface or
objects
hidden

Center Lines
– locate the
symmetrical
center of
objects.

Dimension Lines and
Extension Lines
– show the
physical
dimensions
of an object.

Leaders
– line
extending
from text and
ending with
an arrow
pointing to
an object.

Breakline
– indicates
where an
area or
object is not
drawn in its
entirety.

Layout lines
– used in
preliminary
blocking out
of parts; also
used in
lettering.