This document provides information about various types of pumps. It discusses rotodynamic pumps which use centrifugal or rotary motion to increase fluid pressure. Positive displacement pumps use reciprocating or rotary motion coupled with valves to force fluid from the suction to the discharge side. Centrifugal pumps are described in detail, including their main components like impellers and casings. Centrifugal pumps work by imparting a centrifugal force on the fluid which increases pressure and allows it to flow to the discharge side. Reciprocating and rotary pumps are also briefly introduced.

1. UNIT - 4
PUMPS

2. ROTODYNAMIC MACHINES
• The device in which the fluid is in continuous motion
and imparts energy conversion is known as fluid
machines.
• The fluid machines are pumping the fluid from lower
level to higher level.
• The fluid machines are converting the mechanical
energy to hydraulic energy.
• These fluid machines are called rotodynamic
machines (or) turbomachines.
• The energy transfer takes place between fluid and
rotodynamic element.

3. TYPES OF PUMP
Rotodynamic pump:
Increase in energy level is due to combination of
Centrifugal energy, pressure energy and kinetic
energy.
Positive displacement pump:
Liquid is sucked and then displaced due to the thrust
Exerted on it by a moving member that results in the
lifting of liquid to a desired height.

4. CLASSIFICATION OF ROTODYNAMIC
MACHINES
The energy transfer takes place between fluid
and rotodynamic element, the main category of
fluid machines are
Hydraulic turbines.
Pumps.

5. PUMPS
• The rotating element does work on the fluid, it is
called pump. These elements add energy to the fluid.
• Pump is converts the mechanical energy to hydraulic
energy by lifting water to a higher level.
• The hydraulic energy refers both potential and kinetic
energies of a liquid.
• The lifting of water to a higher level is carried out by
the various action of pumps such as centrifugal action
and reciprocating action.

6. TYPES OF PUMP
There are two main categories of pump:
 Rotodynamic pumps.
 Positive displacement pumps.
Diaphragm
Piston
Plunger
Reciprocating
Rotary
Mixed flow
Gear
Lobe
Sliding Vane
Screw
Axial flow
Centrifugal
Rotodynamic
Turbine
Positive displacement
PUMP

7. CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
The mechanical energy is converted into pressure
energy by centrifugal force acting on the fluid, the
hydraulic machine is called centrifugal pumps.
The centrifugal pumps acts as a reverse of an inward
radial flow reaction turbine.
The flow in centrifugal pumps is in the radial outward
directions.

8. Classification of Centrifugal Pumps
Centrifugal pumps may be classified according to,
1.Working head
2.Specific speed
3.Type of casing
4.Direction of flow of water
5.Number of entrances to the impeller
6.Disposition of shaft
7.Number of stage

9. CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
CLASSIFICATION OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

10. MAIN PARTS OF CENTRIFUGAL
PUMP
1. Impeller.
2. Casing.
3. Suction pipe with a foot valve and a strainer.
4. Delivery pipe.

11. IMPELLER
The rotating part of a centrifugal pump is called
impeller.
It consists of a series of backward curved vanes.
The impeller is mounted on a shaft which is
connected to the shaft of an electrical motor.

12. TYPES OF IMPELLER

13. CASING
It is an airtight chamber, which accommodates the
rotating impeller.
The area of flow of the casing gradually increases in
the direction of flow of water to convert kinematic
energy into pressure energy.
The following three types of casing are commonly
adopted:
1.Volute casing.
2.Vortex casing.
3.Diffuser (or) casing with guide blades

14. Volute casing
Such type of casing is of spiral form, and has a
sectional area, which increase uniformly from the
tongue to the delivery pipe.
more area is provided to accommodate increased
quantity of water as the water moves towards the
delivery pipe.

15. Vortex casing
In a vortex chamber, a uniformly increasing
area is provided between the impeller outer
periphery and the volute casing water, on
leaving the impeller becomes free to adopt its
path.

16. Diffuser (or) casing with guide
blades
In a diffuser Pump, the guide vanes are arranged at
the outlet of the impeller vanes. Water enters the
guide without shock.
As the guide vanes are of enlarging cros-sectional
area, the velocity of water decreased and pressure
increases Since the vanes provide better guidance to
flow, eddy losses are reduced which increases the
efficiency.

18. Suction pipe with a foot valve and a
strainer
Suction pipe:
It is the pipe through which water is lifted from the
sump to the pump level.
Thus the pipe has its lower end dipped in the sump
water and the upper end is connected to the eye or the
inlet of the pump.
At the lower end, a strainer and a foot-valve are also
fitted.
Strainer:
 It is a screen provided at the foot of the suction
pipe, it would not allow entrance of the solid matters
into the suction pipe which otherwise may damage
the pump.

19. Suction pipe with a foot valve and a
strainer
Foot valve:
It is a one direction valve provided at the foot of the
suction pipe.
It permits flow only in one direction i.e. towards the
pump.
Foot valve facilitates to hold the primed water in the
suction pipe and casing before starting the pump.
Priming is the process of filling of water in centrifugal
pump from foot valve to delivery valve including
casing before starting the pump.

20. Delivery pipe
• Delivery pipe is used for delivery of liquid. One end
connected to the outlet of the pump while the other
delivers the water at the required height to the
delivery tank.

21. WORKING OF CENTRIFUGAL
PUMP

22. WORKING OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
Works on the principle that when a certain mass of
fluid is rotated by an external source, it is thrown
away from the central axis of rotation and a
centrifugal head is impressed which enables it to rise
to a higher level.
In order to start a pump, it has to be filled with water
so that the centrifugal head developed is sufficient to
lift the water from the sump. The process is called
priming.
Pump is started by electric motor to rotate the
impeller.
Rotation of impeller in casing full of water produces
forced vortex which creates a centrifugal head on the
liquid.
The delivery valve is opened as the centrifugal head
is impressed.

23. This results in the flow of liquid in an outward
radial direction with high velocity and pressure
enabling the liquid to enter the delivery pipe.
Partial vacuum is created at the centre of the
impeller which makes the sump water at
atmospheric pressure to rush through the pipe.
Delivery of water from sump to delivery pipe
continues so long as the pump is on.

24. Work done by the centrifugal pump on water

26. Efficiencies of a centrifugal pump
• Manometric efficiency
• Mechanical efficiency
• Overall efficiency

27. MULTISTAGE CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

29. PERFORMANCE CURVES
• Main characteristic curves
• Operating characteristic curves
• Constant efficiency or Muschel curves
• Constant head and constant discharge curves

30. Main characteristic curves

31. Operating characteristic curves

32. Constant efficiency or Muschel curves

33. Constant head and constant discharge
curves

34. RECIPROCATING PUMP
CLASSIFICATION

35. RECIPROCATING PUMP

37. INDICATOR DIAGRAM

43. ROTARY PUMPS

46. VANE PUMP