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Kaliyan Selvaraj
Technical Consultant
Dell India Pvt. Ltd.,
Review of Exchange Server 2007 Availability Solutions
Overview of Exchange 2010 High Availability
Exchange 2010 High Availability Fundamentals
Exchange 2010 Incremental Deployment
DAG Demo (Creation, Adding Database Copy, *Over)
Exchange 2010 High Availability Design Examples
Exchange Server 2007
Availability Solutions
Single Copy Cluster (SCC) out-of-box provides little high
availability value
    On Store failure, SCC restarts store on the same machine;
    no clustered mailbox server (CMS) failover
    SCC does not automatically recover from storage failures
    SCC does not protect your data, your most valuable asset
    SCC does not protect against site failures
    SCC redundant network is not leveraged by CMS
Conclusion
    SCC only provides protection from server hardware failures
    and bluescreens, the relatively easy components to recover
    Supports rolling upgrades without losing redundancy
2. Inspect logs

      Database                                                                  Database
                 Log      E00.log                                    Log
                          E0000000012.log
                          E0000000011.log
                                      1. Copy logs                         3. Replay logs


     Local                            Cluster                               Standby
                                            File
                                            Share




Log shipping to a local                                                Log shipping to a standby
        disk                  Log shipping within a cluster                server or cluster
Manual               AD site: Dallas
                                                   “activation” of
                                                                               Client Access
                                                  remote mailbox                   Server             DB4
      Outlook (MAPI)       OWA, ActiveSync, or         server
                                                                                                      DB5
           client          Outlook Anywhere
                                                                                Standby
                                                                                 Server               DB6
AD site: San Jose                                Mailbox server
                                                  can’t co-exist
                          Client Access
                              Server
                                                 with other roles
                                                                                           SCR



                                                                                               SCR managed
            CCR #1             CCR #1                               CCR #2
                                                                                               separately; no
                                                  CCR #2
            Node A             Node B             Node A            Node B                         GUI

                    Windows cluster                    Windows cluster                   Clustering
                                                                                         knowledge
              DB1                 DB1                DB4             DB4
                                                                                          required

              DB2                 DB2                DB5             DB5              Database failure
                                                     DB6
                                                                                      requires server
             DB3                  DB3                                DB6
                                                                                          failover
Windows Failover Cluster
Default Cluster                   Clustered Mailbox
    Group                           Server (CMS)

 Cluster IP Address                  CMS IP Address
   Cluster Name                        CMS Name
  Cluster Quorum                     CMS resources
                                       (exres.dll)
                                    CMS disk resources




                                Cluster
               Cluster
                               Networks
              Database
Database Availability Group
Active Manager

     PAM                                             DAG Networks
     SAM



                   Windows Failover Cluster

                 Default Cluster Group

                     Cluster IP Address    Cluster
                       Cluster Name       Database
                      Cluster Quorum
Database Availability Group

 Mailbox Server                    Mailbox Server              Mailbox Server

          Get-                              Get-                        Get-
MailboxDatabaseCopyStatus         MailboxDatabaseCopyStatus   MailboxDatabaseCopyStatus


       Move-                             Move-                       Move-
ActiveMailboxDatabase             ActiveMailboxDatabase       ActiveMailboxDatabase


Primary Active Manager            Standby Active Manager      Standby Active Manager




      Storage                           Storage                     Storage
Overview of Exchange 2010 High
Availability
Reduce complexity
Reduce cost
Native solution - no single point of failure
Improve recovery times
Support larger mailboxes
Support large scale deployments



  Make High Availability Exchange
    deployments mainstream!
Improved mailbox uptime                                                    Key Benefits
      • Improved failover granularity
      • Simplified administration                                    Easier and cheaper to deploy
      • Incremental deployment
      • Unification of CCR + SCR                                     Easier and cheaper to manage
      • Easy stretching across sites                                 Better Service Level
      • Up to 16 replicated copies                                    Agreements (SLAs)


     More storage flexibility
         •   Further Input/Output (I/O)                             Reduced storage costs
             reductions                                             Larger mailboxes
         •   RAID*-less/JBOD** support



     Better end-to-end availability
         • Online mailbox moves                                      Easier and cheaper to manage
         • Improved transport resiliency                             Better SLAs

*Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID)   **Just a Bunch of Disks (JBOD)
AD site: Dallas

                                                                Client Access
                       Client           All clients connect         Server           DB1
                                         via CAS servers                             DB3
                                                                                     DB5
AD site: San Jose                                                 Mailbox
                                                                  Server 6
                                                                                     Easy to
                    Client Access                                                stretch across
                    Server (CAS)                                                      sites


                                                                                   Failover
                                                                                managed within
         Mailbox          Mailbox    Mailbox      Mailbox       Mailbox           Exchange
         Server 1         Server 2   Server 3     Server 4      Server 5



            DB1             DB4        DB2           DB5            DB3
            DB2             DB5        DB3           DB1           DB4
                                                                                  Database
                                                                                 (DB) centric
            DB3             DB1        DB4           DB2           DB5
                                                                                   failover
Exchange 2010
High Availability Fundamentals
Database Availability
Group
Server
Database
Database Copy
Active Manager (AM)
Remote Procedure Call
(RPC) Client Access
service                 DAG
A group of up to 16 servers hosting a set of replicated
databases
Wraps a Windows Failover Cluster
   Manages servers’ membership in the group
   Heartbeats servers, quorum, cluster database
Defines the boundary of database replication
Defines the boundary of failover/switchover (*over)
Defines boundary for DAG’s Active Manager

 Mailbox    Mailbox    Mailbox    Mailbox          Mailbox
 Server 1   Server 2   Server 3   Server 4        Server 16
Unit of membership for a DAG
Hosts the active and passive copies of multiple mailbox databases
Executes Information Store, CI, Assistants, etc., services on active
mailbox database copies
Executes replication services on passive mailbox database copies

                   Mailbox     Mailbox     Mailbox
                   Server 1    Server 2    Server 3



                     DB1         DB4         DB3
                     DB2         DB1         DB4
                     DB3         DB2
Unit of *over
A database has 1 active copy – active copy can be
mounted or dismounted
Maximum # of passive copies == # servers in DAG – 1

             Mailbox    Mailbox    Mailbox
             Server 1   Server 2   Server 3



               DB1        DB4        DB3
               DB2        DB1        DB4
               DB3        DB2        DB1
Scope of replication
A copy is either source or target of replication at any given time
A copy is either active or passive at any given time
Only 1 copy of each database in a DAG is active at a time
A server may not host >1 copy of a any database


                    Mailbox         Mailbox
                    Server 1        Server 2


                      DB1      X      DB1
                      DB2             DB2
                                      DB1
                      DB3             DB3
Primary Active Manager (PAM)
   Runs on the node that owns the default cluster group
   (quorum resource)
   Gets topology change notifications
   Reacts to server failures
   Selects the best database copy on *overs
Standby Active Manager (SAM)
   Runs on every other node in the DAG
   Responds to queries from other Exchange components for
   which server hosts the active copy of the mailbox database
Continuous replication has the following basic steps:
   Database copy seeding of target
   Log copying from source to target
   Log inspection at target
   Log replay into database copy
There are three ways to seed the target instance:
   Automatic Seeding
      Requires 1st log file containing CreateDB record
   Update-MailboxDatabaseCopy cmdlet
      Can be performed from active or passive copies
   Manually copy the database
Log shipping in Exchange 2010 leverages Transmission
Control Protocol (TCP) sockets
    Supports encryption and compression
    Administrator can set TCP port to be used
Replication service on target notifies the active instance
the next log file it expects
    Based on last log file which it inspected
Replication service on source responds by sending the
required log file(s)
Copied log files are placed in the target’s Inspector
directory
Active Manager selects the “best” copy to become
active when existing active fails
                                          8
                                          6
                                          9
                                          5
                                          7
                                          10
Catalog           Crawling
                  Healthy
Copy status       Healthy, DisconnectedAndHealthy,
                  DisconnectedAndResynchronizing,
or    DisconnectedAndResynchronizing, or
                  SeedingSource
ReplayQueueLength
CopyQueueLength < 10 < 50
ReplayQueueLength       < 50
Streaming backup APIs for public use have been cut, must use Volume
Shadow Copy Service (VSS) for backups
     Backup from any copy of the database/logs
     Always choose Passive (or Active) copy
     Backup an entire server
     Designate a dedicated backup server for a given database
Restore from any of these backups scenarios
       Database Availability Group


            Mailbox                  Mailbox    Mailbox
            Server 1                 Server 2   Server 3



               DB1                    DB1        DB1
               DB2                    DB2        DB2
               DB3                    DB3        DB3
                                                           VSS requestor
Site/server/disk failure                         Exchange 2010 HA
Archiving/compliance                             E-mail archive
Recover deleted items                            Extended/protected dumpster
                                                 retention

          Database Availability Group


              Mailbox               Mailbox    Mailbox
              Server 1              Server 2   Server 3

                                                            7-14 day lag copy
                 DB1                    DB1      DB1
                 DB2                    DB2      DB2
                 DB3                    DB3      DB3


                                                             X
Legacy Deployment Steps (CCR/SCC)         Exchange 2010 Incremental Deployment


1. Prepare hardware, install proper OS,   1. Prepare hardware, install proper OS,
   and update                                and update
    Extra for SCC: configure storage     2. Run Setup and install Mailbox role
2. Build Windows Failover Cluster         3. Create a DAG and replicate databases
    Extra for SCC: configure storage     4. Test *overs
3. Configure cluster quorum, file share
   witness, and public and private
   networks
4. Run Setup in Custom mode and install
   clustered mailbox server
5. Configure clustered mailbox server
    Extra for SCC: configure disk
    resource dependencies
6. Test *overs
Easy to add high availability to existing deployment
High availability configuration is post-setup
HA Mailbox servers can host other Server Roles
Reduces cost and complexity of HA deployments

                    Datacenter 1            Datacenter 2
       Database Availability Group


             Mailbox             Mailbox      Mailbox
             Server 1            Server 2     Server 3
Exchange Management Console
Exchange Management Console
Exchange Management Console
Exchange Management Shell
Create a DAG
New-DatabaseAvailabilityGroup -Name DAG1 -FileShareWitnessShare
CTD-CH02DAGWitness -FileShareWitnessDirectory C:DAGWitness
Add first Mailbox Server to DAG
Add-DatabaseAvailbilityGroupServer -Identity DAG1 -MailboxServer CTD-
MBX1 -DatabaseAvailablityGroupIpAddresses 192.168.1.100
Add second and subsequent Mailbox Server
Add-DatabaseAvailabilityGroupServer -Identity DAG1 -MailboxServer CTD-
MBX2

Add-DatabaseAvailabilityGroupServer -Identity DAG1 -MailboxServer
EXMBX3 -DatabaseAvailablityGroupIpAddresses
192.168.1.100, 192.168.2.10
Add Mailbox Database Copy
Add-MailboxDatabaseCopy -Identity MBXDB1 -MailboxServer CTD-MBX2
Extend as needed
HA Administration within Exchange
Recovery uses the same simple
operation for a wide range of failures
Simplified activation of Exchange
services in a standby datacenter

Reduces cost and
complexity of management
Managing Availability in the Exchange Management Console
 1   Select a database




                                            Take action (add
     2   View locations and status of   3   copies, change
         replicated copies
                                            master, etc.)
DAG Demo LAB Setup Diagram
Exchange 2010
High Availability Design Examples
File
File    Share   File
Share           Share




File            File
Share           Share
2 servers out -> manual
                   Single Site
             activation of server 3
                   3 NodesDAG, quorum is lost
                In 3 server
                   3 HA Copies
                DAGs with more servers sustain
                   JBOD -> 3 physical Copies
                more failures – greater resiliency
Mailbox       Mailbox                 Mailbox
Server 1      Server 2                Server 3




                    X
           Database Availability Group (DAG)
Member servers of DAG
CAS/HUB/    CAS/HUB/    can host other server roles
MAILBOX 1   MAILBOX 2



                        2 server DAGs, with server
               DB2      roles combined or not, should
                        use RAID
With each release, our goals are to make Exchange
high availability:
  Easier and cheaper to deploy
  Easier and cheaper to manage
  Support better SLAs with faster and more granular
  recoveries
  Improve site resiliency support
Our other goal is for highly available deployments to be
mainstream!
© 2009 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market
     conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation.
                                 MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

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Exchange 2010 ha ctd

  • 1.
  • 3. Review of Exchange Server 2007 Availability Solutions Overview of Exchange 2010 High Availability Exchange 2010 High Availability Fundamentals Exchange 2010 Incremental Deployment DAG Demo (Creation, Adding Database Copy, *Over) Exchange 2010 High Availability Design Examples
  • 5. Single Copy Cluster (SCC) out-of-box provides little high availability value On Store failure, SCC restarts store on the same machine; no clustered mailbox server (CMS) failover SCC does not automatically recover from storage failures SCC does not protect your data, your most valuable asset SCC does not protect against site failures SCC redundant network is not leveraged by CMS Conclusion SCC only provides protection from server hardware failures and bluescreens, the relatively easy components to recover Supports rolling upgrades without losing redundancy
  • 6. 2. Inspect logs Database Database Log E00.log Log E0000000012.log E0000000011.log 1. Copy logs 3. Replay logs Local Cluster Standby File Share Log shipping to a local Log shipping to a standby disk Log shipping within a cluster server or cluster
  • 7. Manual AD site: Dallas “activation” of Client Access remote mailbox Server DB4 Outlook (MAPI) OWA, ActiveSync, or server DB5 client Outlook Anywhere Standby Server DB6 AD site: San Jose Mailbox server can’t co-exist Client Access Server with other roles SCR SCR managed CCR #1 CCR #1 CCR #2 separately; no CCR #2 Node A Node B Node A Node B GUI Windows cluster Windows cluster Clustering knowledge DB1 DB1 DB4 DB4 required DB2 DB2 DB5 DB5 Database failure DB6 requires server DB3 DB3 DB6 failover
  • 8. Windows Failover Cluster Default Cluster Clustered Mailbox Group Server (CMS) Cluster IP Address CMS IP Address Cluster Name CMS Name Cluster Quorum CMS resources (exres.dll) CMS disk resources Cluster Cluster Networks Database
  • 9. Database Availability Group Active Manager PAM DAG Networks SAM Windows Failover Cluster Default Cluster Group Cluster IP Address Cluster Cluster Name Database Cluster Quorum
  • 10. Database Availability Group Mailbox Server Mailbox Server Mailbox Server Get- Get- Get- MailboxDatabaseCopyStatus MailboxDatabaseCopyStatus MailboxDatabaseCopyStatus Move- Move- Move- ActiveMailboxDatabase ActiveMailboxDatabase ActiveMailboxDatabase Primary Active Manager Standby Active Manager Standby Active Manager Storage Storage Storage
  • 11. Overview of Exchange 2010 High Availability
  • 12. Reduce complexity Reduce cost Native solution - no single point of failure Improve recovery times Support larger mailboxes Support large scale deployments Make High Availability Exchange deployments mainstream!
  • 13. Improved mailbox uptime Key Benefits • Improved failover granularity • Simplified administration  Easier and cheaper to deploy • Incremental deployment • Unification of CCR + SCR  Easier and cheaper to manage • Easy stretching across sites  Better Service Level • Up to 16 replicated copies Agreements (SLAs) More storage flexibility • Further Input/Output (I/O)  Reduced storage costs reductions  Larger mailboxes • RAID*-less/JBOD** support Better end-to-end availability • Online mailbox moves  Easier and cheaper to manage • Improved transport resiliency  Better SLAs *Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) **Just a Bunch of Disks (JBOD)
  • 14. AD site: Dallas Client Access Client All clients connect Server DB1 via CAS servers DB3 DB5 AD site: San Jose Mailbox Server 6 Easy to Client Access stretch across Server (CAS) sites Failover managed within Mailbox Mailbox Mailbox Mailbox Mailbox Exchange Server 1 Server 2 Server 3 Server 4 Server 5 DB1 DB4 DB2 DB5 DB3 DB2 DB5 DB3 DB1 DB4 Database (DB) centric DB3 DB1 DB4 DB2 DB5 failover
  • 16. Database Availability Group Server Database Database Copy Active Manager (AM) Remote Procedure Call (RPC) Client Access service DAG
  • 17. A group of up to 16 servers hosting a set of replicated databases Wraps a Windows Failover Cluster Manages servers’ membership in the group Heartbeats servers, quorum, cluster database Defines the boundary of database replication Defines the boundary of failover/switchover (*over) Defines boundary for DAG’s Active Manager Mailbox Mailbox Mailbox Mailbox Mailbox Server 1 Server 2 Server 3 Server 4 Server 16
  • 18. Unit of membership for a DAG Hosts the active and passive copies of multiple mailbox databases Executes Information Store, CI, Assistants, etc., services on active mailbox database copies Executes replication services on passive mailbox database copies Mailbox Mailbox Mailbox Server 1 Server 2 Server 3 DB1 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB4 DB3 DB2
  • 19. Unit of *over A database has 1 active copy – active copy can be mounted or dismounted Maximum # of passive copies == # servers in DAG – 1 Mailbox Mailbox Mailbox Server 1 Server 2 Server 3 DB1 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1
  • 20. Scope of replication A copy is either source or target of replication at any given time A copy is either active or passive at any given time Only 1 copy of each database in a DAG is active at a time A server may not host >1 copy of a any database Mailbox Mailbox Server 1 Server 2 DB1 X DB1 DB2 DB2 DB1 DB3 DB3
  • 21. Primary Active Manager (PAM) Runs on the node that owns the default cluster group (quorum resource) Gets topology change notifications Reacts to server failures Selects the best database copy on *overs Standby Active Manager (SAM) Runs on every other node in the DAG Responds to queries from other Exchange components for which server hosts the active copy of the mailbox database
  • 22. Continuous replication has the following basic steps: Database copy seeding of target Log copying from source to target Log inspection at target Log replay into database copy
  • 23. There are three ways to seed the target instance: Automatic Seeding Requires 1st log file containing CreateDB record Update-MailboxDatabaseCopy cmdlet Can be performed from active or passive copies Manually copy the database
  • 24. Log shipping in Exchange 2010 leverages Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) sockets Supports encryption and compression Administrator can set TCP port to be used Replication service on target notifies the active instance the next log file it expects Based on last log file which it inspected Replication service on source responds by sending the required log file(s) Copied log files are placed in the target’s Inspector directory
  • 25. Active Manager selects the “best” copy to become active when existing active fails 8 6 9 5 7 10 Catalog Crawling Healthy Copy status Healthy, DisconnectedAndHealthy, DisconnectedAndResynchronizing, or DisconnectedAndResynchronizing, or SeedingSource ReplayQueueLength CopyQueueLength < 10 < 50 ReplayQueueLength < 50
  • 26. Streaming backup APIs for public use have been cut, must use Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) for backups Backup from any copy of the database/logs Always choose Passive (or Active) copy Backup an entire server Designate a dedicated backup server for a given database Restore from any of these backups scenarios Database Availability Group Mailbox Mailbox Mailbox Server 1 Server 2 Server 3 DB1 DB1 DB1 DB2 DB2 DB2 DB3 DB3 DB3 VSS requestor
  • 27. Site/server/disk failure Exchange 2010 HA Archiving/compliance E-mail archive Recover deleted items Extended/protected dumpster retention Database Availability Group Mailbox Mailbox Mailbox Server 1 Server 2 Server 3 7-14 day lag copy DB1 DB1 DB1 DB2 DB2 DB2 DB3 DB3 DB3 X
  • 28. Legacy Deployment Steps (CCR/SCC) Exchange 2010 Incremental Deployment 1. Prepare hardware, install proper OS, 1. Prepare hardware, install proper OS, and update and update Extra for SCC: configure storage 2. Run Setup and install Mailbox role 2. Build Windows Failover Cluster 3. Create a DAG and replicate databases Extra for SCC: configure storage 4. Test *overs 3. Configure cluster quorum, file share witness, and public and private networks 4. Run Setup in Custom mode and install clustered mailbox server 5. Configure clustered mailbox server Extra for SCC: configure disk resource dependencies 6. Test *overs
  • 29. Easy to add high availability to existing deployment High availability configuration is post-setup HA Mailbox servers can host other Server Roles Reduces cost and complexity of HA deployments Datacenter 1 Datacenter 2 Database Availability Group Mailbox Mailbox Mailbox Server 1 Server 2 Server 3
  • 33. Exchange Management Shell Create a DAG New-DatabaseAvailabilityGroup -Name DAG1 -FileShareWitnessShare CTD-CH02DAGWitness -FileShareWitnessDirectory C:DAGWitness Add first Mailbox Server to DAG Add-DatabaseAvailbilityGroupServer -Identity DAG1 -MailboxServer CTD- MBX1 -DatabaseAvailablityGroupIpAddresses 192.168.1.100 Add second and subsequent Mailbox Server Add-DatabaseAvailabilityGroupServer -Identity DAG1 -MailboxServer CTD- MBX2 Add-DatabaseAvailabilityGroupServer -Identity DAG1 -MailboxServer EXMBX3 -DatabaseAvailablityGroupIpAddresses 192.168.1.100, 192.168.2.10 Add Mailbox Database Copy Add-MailboxDatabaseCopy -Identity MBXDB1 -MailboxServer CTD-MBX2 Extend as needed
  • 34. HA Administration within Exchange Recovery uses the same simple operation for a wide range of failures Simplified activation of Exchange services in a standby datacenter Reduces cost and complexity of management
  • 35. Managing Availability in the Exchange Management Console 1 Select a database Take action (add 2 View locations and status of 3 copies, change replicated copies master, etc.)
  • 36.
  • 37. DAG Demo LAB Setup Diagram
  • 39. File File Share File Share Share File File Share Share
  • 40. 2 servers out -> manual Single Site activation of server 3 3 NodesDAG, quorum is lost In 3 server 3 HA Copies DAGs with more servers sustain JBOD -> 3 physical Copies more failures – greater resiliency Mailbox Mailbox Mailbox Server 1 Server 2 Server 3 X Database Availability Group (DAG)
  • 41. Member servers of DAG CAS/HUB/ CAS/HUB/ can host other server roles MAILBOX 1 MAILBOX 2 2 server DAGs, with server DB2 roles combined or not, should use RAID
  • 42. With each release, our goals are to make Exchange high availability: Easier and cheaper to deploy Easier and cheaper to manage Support better SLAs with faster and more granular recoveries Improve site resiliency support Our other goal is for highly available deployments to be mainstream!
  • 43.
  • 44. © 2009 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

Editor's Notes

  1. Slide Objective:Instructor Notes:
  2. Slide Objective:Instructor Notes:
  3. Slide Objective:Instructor Notes:
  4. Slide Objective:Instructor Notes:
  5. Slide Objective: Discuss Continuous Replication.Instructor Notes:Basic steps:Create a target database by seeding the destination with a copy of the source database (this can be accomplished via several ways – log record, streaming copy of database to passive, or offline copy).Monitor for new logs in the source log directory for copying by subscribing to Windows file system notification events.Copy any new log files to the destination inspection log directory using SMB.Inspect the copied log files.Upon successful inspection, move the copied log file to the storage group copy’s log path and replay the copied log into the copy of the database.
  6. Slide Objective: Discuss the Exchange Server 2007 High Availability (HA)/SR solution.Instructor Notes:Key things to call outCMS cannot co-exist with other rolesClustered Exchange requires both Exchange and Windows Failover Clustering knowledge.Failovers occur at the server level.Site resilience is outside of clustering and therefore, requires manual activation.Acronyms Defined: Messaging Application Programming Interface (MAPI)Outlook Web App (OWA)Graphical User Interface (GUI)Cluster Continuous Replication (CCR)Standby Continuous Replication (SCR)
  7. Slide Objective:Instructor Notes:In Exchange Server 2007 and previous versions, Exchange used the cluster resource management model to install, implement and manage the Mailbox server high availability solution. Historically, building a highly available Mailbox server involved first building a Windows Failover Cluster, and then running Exchange Setup in clustered mode. In this mode, the Exchange cluster resource DLL, exres.dll, would be registered and allow the creation of a clustered mailbox server (called an Exchange Virtual Server in legacy versions). When deploying legacy shared storage clusters or single copy clusters, additional steps for configuring storage were needed before and after failover cluster formation, and after clustered mailbox server and storage group formation.
  8. Slide Objective:Instructor Notes:We no longer use the cluster resource model for Exchange high availability. All Exchange cluster resources provided by exres.dll no longer exist, including the construct known as a clustered mailbox server. We create a Windows Failover Cluster, but we do not create any additional groups for Exchange, and there are no storage resources in the cluster. Thus if you examine the cluster using cluster management tools, you’ll see only the core cluster resources (IP Address and Network Name, and if needed, quorum resource). Cluster nodes and networks will also exist, but those are managed by Exchange and not cluster or cluster tools.We use clusapi.dll for cluster, group, cluster network (heartbeating), node management, cluster registry, and a few control code functions. Active Manager stores current mailbox database information (e.g., active and passive data, and mounted data) in the cluster database. Although the information is stored directly in the cluster database, it must not be accessed directly by any integration components.
  9. Slide Objective:Instructor Notes:A DAG is a boundary for replication in Exchange 2010. This can be the built-in continuous replication, or it can be 3rd party synchronous replication that uses the built-in Exchange 3rd party Replication API. Active Manager manages locating databases and handles failovers of replicated databases.
  10. Slide Objective:Instructor Notes:
  11. Slide Objective:Instructor Notes:
  12. Slide Objective: Discuss Exchange Server improvements.Instructor Notes:Complexity  Exchange managed failover, easy stretching across sites, incremental deploymentSLAs -&gt; Database centricAdd correlated event stream, incremental deployment
  13. Slide Objective: Discuss Exchange 2010 high availability architecture.Instructor Notes:NOTE: “You can&apos;t replicate outside the DAG.” (key difference from SCR)Here is Harv’s current Exchange environment.There are 5 servers &lt;click&gt; in the main datacenter that host mailboxes. These mailbox servers are grouped to provide automatic failover. Each mailbox database has 3 instances, which we’ll refer to as copies, &lt;click&gt; placed on separate servers to provide redundancy. At any given time, only 1 of the 3 database copies is active &lt;click&gt; and accessible to clients.The Front-End Server &lt;click&gt; manages all communications between clients and databases. Outlook clients no longer connect directly to mailbox servers, as they did in previous versions of Exchange.When a client such as Outlook connects &lt;click&gt; to Exchange, it first contacts the Front-End Server. The Front-End Server determines &lt;click&gt; where the user’s active database is located, and forwards the request &lt;click&gt; to the appropriate server. When the client sends an e-mail &lt;click&gt;, the active database is updated. Then, through log shipping &lt;click&gt;, the other 2 passive copies of the database are updated.Let’s say that a disk fails &lt;click&gt;, affecting one of the databases on Mailbox Server 2. In previous versions of Exchange, the administrator would need to failover all the databases on Mailbox Server 2 to recover from this failure, or else restore the Database 2 from a tape backup. However, Exchange’s new architecture supports database-level failover, so Database 2 automatically fails over to Mailbox Server 1 &lt;click&gt; without affecting the other databases. The Outlook client, having lost its connection to the database, automatically contacts &lt;click&gt; the Front-End Server to reconnect. The Front-End Server determines which mailbox server has the active copy of the users’ database. It connects &lt;click&gt; the client to Mailbox Server 1. When new mail is sent &lt;click&gt;, the active database on Mailbox Server 1 is updated. The second copy of the database &lt;click&gt; is also updated through log shipping. The end user is unaware that anything has happened, and Harv can replace the failed disk drive at his leisure. The administrator can set up any number of copies per database to meet the Service Level Agreements for his users. For a special category of users, Harv keeps a 4th database copy on a mail server in a geographically remote location &lt;click&gt;. This server is located in a different Active Directory site, but is kept up-to-date over the Wide Area Network using the same replication technology as the other servers. If a hurricane, earthquake, or other catastrophe should shut down the main datacenter, this remote server can be manually activated and readied for client access in about 15 minutes.Note: If a focus group participant asks “How is this different from Microsoft Clustering Services?”, here’s the answer: “The product team is taking technology from Microsoft Clustering Services and integrate it natively into Exchange Server (no separate management tools required). Would you find value in that? Why or why not?”
  14. Slide Objective:Position the new High Availability (HA) model as the evolution of previous HA methods—with significantly less cost and complexity.Instructor Notes:SituationContinuous Replication, which was first introduced in Exchange Server 2007, made it significantly cheaper to deploy a highly available Exchange infrastructure (removing the need to rely on 3rd party data replication products or expensive shared-storage clustering)The various “flavors” of high availability and disaster recovery in Exchange Server 2007 (Cluster Continuous Replication, Standby Continuous Replication, etc) must be managed separatelyRunning a highly available Exchange infrastructure still requires a great deal of time and expertise, because integration between Exchange Server and Windows Clustering is not seamlessTalking Points:Exchange “14” uses the same Continuous Replication technology found into Exchange Server 2007, but unites on-site (CCR) and off-site (SCR) data replication into a one frameworkExchange server manages all aspects of failover. Clustering is “under the hood” rather than “bolted on the side” Increases the number of replicated data copies to 16, makes failover more granular (database-level rather than server level)Smaller deployments that once required 4 separate servers for redundancy of Exchange server roles now need just 2 serversLegacy Exchange clustering (Single copy clustering, which was the only clustering option in Exchange 2000 and Exchange Server 2003) is being retired in favor of Exchange Server 2007-style clustering
  15. Slide Objective:Instructor Notes:
  16. Slide Objective:Instructor Notes:
  17. Slide Objective:Instructor Notes:Defines properties applicable to the DAG or all servers, e.g..:File Share WitnessList of serversNetwork compressionNetwork EncryptionSupports multiple networks
  18. Slide Objective:Instructor Notes:
  19. Slide Objective:Instructor Notes:
  20. Slide Objective:Instructor Notes:
  21. Slide Objective:Instructor Notes:PAM: PAM is the Active Manager in the DAG which decides which copies will be active and passive. It moves to other servers if the server hosting it is no longer able to. You need to move the PAM if you take a server offline for maintenance or upgrade. PAM is responsible for getting topology change notifications and reacting to server failures. PAM is a role of an Active Manager. If the server hosting the PAM fails, another instance of Active Manager adopts the role (the one that takes ownership of the cluster group). The PAM controls all movement of the active designations between a database’s copies (only one copy can be active at any given time, and that copy may be mounted or dismounted). The PAM also performs the functions of the SAM role on the local system (detecting local database and local Information Store failures).SAM: Provides information on which server hosts the active copy of a mailbox database to other components of Exchange, e.g.., RPC Client Access Service or Hub Transport. SAM detects failures of local databases and the local Information Store. It reacts to failures by asking the PAM to initiate a failover (if the database is replicated). A SAM does not determine the target of failover, nor does it update a database’s location state in the PAM. It will access the active database copy location state to answer queries for the active copy of the database that it receives from CAS, Hub, etc.Note: Even on standalone mailbox servers, Active Manager is utilized, which is why Replication Service cannot be stopped.
  22. Slide Objective:Instructor Notes:
  23. Slide Objective:Instructor Notes:Now that we have a basic understanding of the core components that are involved, we can discuss how log shipping works. Before log files can be shipped to a passive copy, the active database copy must first be seeded. This can be accomplished in a few ways.Automatic seeding  An automatic seed produces a copy of a database in the target location. Automatic seeding requires that all log files, including the very first log file created by the database (it contains the database creation log record), be available on the source. Automatic seeding only occurs during the creation of a new server or creation of a new database (or if the first log still exists, i.e. log truncation hasn’t occurred).Seeding using the Update-MailboxDatabaseCopy cmdlet  You can use the Update-MailboxDatabaseCopycmdlet in the Exchange Management Shell to seed a database copy. Manually copying the offline database  This process dismounts the database and copies the database file to the same location on the passive node. If you use this method, there will be an interruption in service because the procedure requires you to dismount the database.The second option utilizes the streaming copy backup API to copy the database from the active location to the target location.
  24. Slide Objective:Instructor Notes:Exchange Server 2007 utilized Server Message Block (SMB) and Windows file system notifications to get logs. Exchange 2010 utilizes TCP sockets and notifications to the source about which logs are required on the target.
  25. Slide Objective:Instructor Notes:we are trying to find the copy with least data loss that meets the status criteria (i.e. disconnected/healthy, CI healthy, CopyQueueLength, etc). For point 2, emphasize that the goal is to minimize data loss. For point 4, you should clarify that multiple passes of checks are run on the sorted list of copies to pick one. We start with the most restrictive set of checks (i.e. copy has to be healthy/disconnected, has to have healthy CI, etc..) and drop down to the most relaxed (i.e. we don’t care about copy queue length or CI health… just mount!).
  26. Slide Objective:Instructor Notes:
  27. Slide Objective:Instructor Notes:
  28. Situation:In previous versions of Exchange, enabling clustering on an existing mailbox server would have required the administrator to move all mailboxes off the server, tear it down, and then reinstall Exchange. Talking Points:Well, Tomas’ early days as an Exchange administrator, he had a simple environment with one mailbox server. This mailbox server was not part of a cluster.When Tomas decided to implement clustering, he feared that this might involve a great deal of work. In previous versions of Exchange, enabling clustering on an existing mailbox server would have required him to move all mailboxes off the server, tear it down, and then reinstall Exchange. But because of Exchange’s new architecture, Tomas simply had to add a second mailbox server to his environment &lt;click&gt; and place it in a database availability group &lt;click&gt; with Mailbox Server 1. Then he set up replication &lt;click&gt; for the existing databases on Mailbox Server 1. The process was quick, intuitive, and required no reinstallation. To extend this to become a site reliant solution – Tomas can simply add a third mailbox to a separate site in his environment &lt;click&gt; and add it to the DAG. Then he sets up replication &lt;click&gt; for the existing databases.&lt;click&gt; Multiple server roles can also co-exist on servers that provide high availability. This enables small organizations to deploy a two-server configuration provides full redundancy of mailbox data, while also providing redundant Client Access and Hub Transport services.So it is easy to extend an existing Exchange 2010 to include high availability and this reduce both the cost and complexity of the HA deployment.No subnet or special DNS requirements!Slide Objective:Administrators can add high availability to their Exchange environment after their initial deployment, without reinstalling servers.
  29. Talking Points:When creating a DAG, you will provide a name for the DAG, specify a UNC path for a file share witness share and a directory name for the DAG&apos;s files share witness, and then configure network encryption and compression settings. You do not need to pre-create the share or directory for the file share witness. Simply specify a UNC path for the share (e.g., \\\\ServerName\\ShareName) and directory (e.g., C:\\FolderName) that will be shared at this path and Exchange will create them both for you. The server hosting the file share witness and directory cannot be a member of the DAG that is using that share and directory. We recommend that you use a Hub Transport server to host the file share witness, as this allows an Exchange administrator to be aware of the availability of the file share witness.Note:The final version of the release product may change this dialog so that Exchange automatically creates the FSW share and directory.Slide Objective:Creation of a Database Availability Group through the EMC is simple and intuitive.
  30. Talking Points:Step 2 – Add servers to the DAGSlide Objective:Creation of a Database Availability Group through the EMC is simple and intuitive.
  31. Talking Points:Step 2 – Add servers to the DAGTo add a Mailbox server to a DAG, the Mailbox server must be running the Windows Server 2008 Enterprise operating system or the Windows Server 2008 Datacenter operating system, must not belong to any other DAGs, must be in the same Active Directory domain as all other Mailbox servers in the DAG, and must have at least two properly configured networks on separate subnets that can communicate with other networks on other servers in the DAG.Note: This process may not work with the Beta version of the product – use the Local PowerShell commands to add the server to the DAG. Later builds (including RTM) will enable this functionality through EMC.You can add database copies for databases which are hosted on the mailbox servers within the DAG.Slide Objective:Creation of a Database Availability Group through the EMC is simple and intuitive.
  32. Talking Points:Exchange Management Shell commands to do add a server to a DAGSlide Objective:Creation of a Database Availability Group through the EMS enables the process to be scripted if required.
  33. Situation:Fear of Windows Clustering keeps many Exchange customers from deploying high availability. To deploy Exchange with Windows clustering, administrators had to master new concepts (such as floating network identities and cluster resources) and use separate management tools. Talking Points:In order to reduce the complexity of managing the new high availability environment, the administration tools have been simplified. While in the past the administration was spilt between Windows Failover Cluster Manager and Exchange, all the HA configuration and management is now done through the Exchange Management tools. The most common tools are all available in the EMC GUI interface, and as all tasks can be scripted or run through via cmdlets.Whether there is a disk failure, a server failure or perhaps a network failure, the same mechanism is used to failover the affected database or databases onto a server which holds a copy of that particular database.In the case of a Full datacenter failure, additional actions will be required to bring the full site online, but since the mailbox servers are all part of the same DAG the failover process for the for the mailbox servers and data the process is the same as a failover within the same site.Slide Objective:Simplified administration of HA reduces the cost and complexity of HA management.
  34. Talking Points:Formerly you would manage mailbox databases on the “server configuration” tab, now this is managed through the organization configuration tab.Note that the concept of a storage group has been removedThrough the admin tool you … Can see how healthy are the databases On which servers do the copies of a database reside Can see what databases reside on a particular serverIt also provides a list of actions which can be taken against a particular database like adding database copies, moving the database master etc.Slide Objective:Simplified administration of HA reduces the cost and complexity of HA management.
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  40. © 2009 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.