the power point is about how the cadiovascular system adapts to exercise

2. LIST OF GROUP MEMBERS
I. EYOB KASEYA ……………………….
II. GETAHUN …………………………….
III. GIFTY…………………………………..
IV. KALDIDAN……………………………
V. NAOL……………………………………….
VI. TSION………………………………………

3. CONTENTS TO DISCUSS
1. The cardiovascular system and exercise
2. Functions of the cardiovascular system
during exercise
3. Aerobic physical activity and cardiac
4. List of cardiovascular exercises
5. Long term effects of exercise on the
cardiovascular system

4. What is cardiovascular system?

5. The Cardiovascular System and
Exercise
• The heart is a muscle that is required to
contract continuously throughout the life
to deliver oxygen to all organs in the body
and breathe out carbon dioxide
• Blood vessels connect the heart and lungs
so that carbon dioxide can be removed
from the blood and oxygen can be added to
the blood.
• The heart then pumps this blood
throughout the body.

6. • Exercise places an increased demand on the
cardiovascular system to pump more oxygen
to supply the working muscle to produce
energy (aerobic oxidation).
• Oxygen demand by the muscles increases,
more nutrients are needed and more waste
is created.

7. The human heart
3D ANIMATION OF WORKING OF
HEART
Human Anatomy - Heart circulatory
system How the Heart Works

8. Functions of The Cardiovascular
System during exercise
The cardiovascular system serves five
important functions during exercise:
• 1- Delivers oxygen to working muscles
2Deoxygenates blood by returning it to the
lungs
3Transports heat from the center to the skin
4- Delivers nutrients and fuel to active
tissues 5- Transports hormones

9. AEROBIC PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
• activity in which the body’s
large muscles move in a
rhythmic manner for a
sustained period of time.
• Aerobic activity, also called
endurance activity,
improves cardiorespiratory
fitness. Brisk walking,
running, swimming, and
bicycling are examples

10. that requires some increase in
breathing and/or heart rate and expends 3.5
to 7 kcalories per minute. Walking at a speed
of 3 to 4.5 miles per hour (about 15 to 20
minutes to walk one mile) is an example.
moderate-intensity physical activity:
physical activity

11. • vigorous-intensity physical activity: physical
activity that requires a large increase in
breathing and/or heart rate and expends
more than 7 kcalories per minute.
• Walking at a very brisk pace (>4.5 miles per
hour) or running at a pace of at least 5
miles per hour are examples.
Dr. Siham
Gritly

12. List of Cardiovascular
Exercises
• Swimming -- Swimming is an
excellent cardiovascular/muscular defining exercise.
• Football American football is america's most popular sport and
involves high intensity exercise for usually around 30 seconds
• Golf Golf is the most popular sport for people over the age of 40
and is growing rapidly.
• Boxing This is definitely one of the most intense cardiovascular
exercises known to man.
• Aerobics Aerobics is the most popular aerobic exercises performed
mostly by women.

13. • Hockey Hockey is a great sport
that can be played by just about
anyone at any age.
• Skiing Skiing is an incredible
cardiovascular workout that is usually
around 5-10 minutes
• Squash Squash is a great anaerobic
exercise that can be played by all ages
• Stepper This exercise was made popular by
the popular myth of spot reducing Rowing
Ergometer

14. •Treadmill This is the most popular cardiovascular
exercise. Due to the impact on the knees and
other joints,
• Running or Jogging Jogging is probably one of the most popular
exercises in the world
• Biking or Cycling Biking or cycling is a tremendous cardiovascular
workout and requires very little equipment which most people have
• Walking While intense walking is a good aerobic exercise it is
probably more used as a weight loss tool than it should be.

15. • Recumbent Bike This exercise is very popular
for people who do not want to jog and run.
• Elliptical or Cross Trainer
This is the newest in cardiovascular
equipment,

16. • Housework or Cleaning While
most people wouldn't call this a
cardiovascular exercise, it
certainly is one.
• Dancing Dancing is an
excellent cardio workout that
can be done by anyone at any
level....

17. Long Term Effects of Exercise on the
Cardiovascular System
What is the
CV system?
The heart
and blood
vessels of
the
circulatory
system
Task
In pairs list what aspects of the
cardiovascular system may change
as a result of regular long term
exercise?
In fours, compare results and see if
you can add to your original list.

18. TASK
1. Cardiac hypertrophy
2. Increased SV
3. Increased CO
4. Decreased resting HR
5. Capillarisation
6. Increase in blood volume
7. Reduction in resting BP
8. Decreased recovery time
9. Increased aerobic fitness

19. Heart
Cardiac Hypertrophy
The heart increases in its size
and blood volume.
The wall of the left ventricle
thickens ..why?
to increase the strength
potential of its contractionsIn
sedentary, middle aged
individuals it may be as high
as 100 beats/min.
Normal heart
rate (HR) 60-
80 beats / min
Elite endurance
athlete’s HR
28 – 40 bpm

20. CV system cont...
Increase in Stroke
Volume
SV = The amount of blood that
can be pumped by the heart
per beat.
This means the heart can now
pump more blood per minute.
Why is this beneficial?
Increased blood flow allows for
faster and more efficient
delivery oxygen and nutrients
In untrained individuals
stroke volume at rest it
averages 50-70ml/beat
increasing up to 110-
130ml/beat beat during
intense, physical activity.
In elite athletes resting
stroke volume averages
90-110ml/beat increasing
to as much as 150-
220ml/beat

21. CV system cont...
Increased Cardiac
Output (CO)
SV X HR= CO
As SV and HR increase
during exercise CO wil
increase.
In a trained heart both SV
and HRhave increased
capacity.
SV does increase to a
point –however the
significant increases in
CO are caused by a
bigger increasesin
heart rate
Untrained REST MAXEXERCISE
SV 60ml/beat 120ml/beat
X X X
HR 70 beats/min 130 beats/ min
= = =
CO
Elite REST MAXEXERCISE
SV 100ml/beat 200ml/beat
X X X
HR 40 beats/ min 180 beats/ min
= = =
CO 4800ml/min 36000ml/min
4200ml/min 15600ml/min

22. CV system cont...
Decreased resting
heart rate
With regular training your
resting HR falls.
Also your HR returns to
normal quicker after
exercise.
How could you measure
these improvements
over your 6 week
program?
Capillarisation
Capillary networks
increase to your cardiac
and skeletal muscle.
This improves blood
supply to the active
muscles and improves
the muscles’ efficiency

23. CV system cont...
Increase in Blood
Volume
Your blood volume is the
amount of blood
circulating in your body
It increases as an
adaptation to regular
exercise
It increases as a result
of capillarisation
Reduction in
Resting Blood
Pressure
What are the 2 measurements
of BP?
1. Systolic
2. Diastolic
Research shows that the quicker
your BP returns to normal the
fitter you are.
How could you measure this?
Regular exercise can contribute to
lowering BP.

24. CV system cont... Decreased
Recovery Time
• HR recovery is a
measure of how much
your HR falls the first
minute after exercise.
• Fit people can recover
more quickly.How?
• The CV system has adapted and
become more efficient through the
demands of regular exercise
• Increased Aerobic
Fitness
• This occurs as a result of
what kind of training?
• Aerobic training e.g.?
Running, cycling...
• Aerobic fitness refers to
endurance, or the ability to
sustain work for prolonged
periods.
• How can you measure an
improvement in aerobic
fitness?

25. references
• Sareen Gropper, Jack Smith and James Groff, Advanced Nutrition
and Human Metabolism, fifth ed. WADSWORTH
• Melvin H Williams 2010; Nutrition for Health, Fitness and Sport. 9th
ed, McGraw Hill
•
• Heymsfield, SB.; Baumgartner N.; Richard and Sheau-Fang P.1999.
Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease; Shils E Maurice,
Olson A. James, Shike Moshe and Ross A. Catharine eds. 9th
edition
• Guyton, C. Arthur. 1985. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 6th
edition, W.B. Company