ISCF Future Flight Networking Event - Regulation

1. Future Flight Challenge: Networking Event: REGULATION Gary Cutts Challenge Director Future Flight Simon Masters Deputy Challenge Director Future Flight April 30 2020

2. Future Flight and COVID-19 • Phase II will move back by one month • Dates for Phase II will be shared via the KTN and a range of social media platforms

3. Future Flight, an industrial strategy challenge fund, is ambitious, broad and complex Complexity comes from both the challenges to be addressed AND the diversity of stakeholders required

4. A programme involving three phases We are here FFC 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 Concepts Development Demonstration FFC FFC Emerging capabilities Concept development, grand challenge refinement and consortium building Full development of multiple, competing aviation system concepts Realisation and demonstration of aviation systems with real use cases for 3 vehicles classes Fully integrated demonstration of multiple vehicle classes in live airspace UKRI Review Gate UKRI Review Gate UKRI Review Gate 2019 - 2020 2020 - 2022 2022 - 2024

5. The Research Themes for Phase II are • Air Traffic Management (ATM) and Unmanned Traffic Management (UTM) systems. • Both physical and digital infrastructure. • Autonomy. • Digital and communications systems. • New business models. • Public acceptance. • Transport integration. • Simulation. • Non-aerospace regulation • Viable, challenge, use cases • Total security systems • You may have identified something else • You may have a programme tackling one or all of these themes • Please submit your proposals following the criteria of the call once live

6. Underpinning capabilities that could be addressed by a consortia • Network of test facilities • Data infrastructure • Digital twin of an aviation system • Ideas in these areas must be presented by a consortia • It must be led by a company

7. Future Flight Challenge: Networking Event: REGULATION

8. Health and Safety Executive © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory Safe, Clean and Green Energy Charles Oakley Head of Business Strategy

9. Evidence Cycle

10. What we offer • Research/ Development/ Consultancy with a focus on safety/resilience/ reliability • Internationally recognised expertise in hydrogen (both gaseous and cryogenic) and battery technologies. • Strong international links as part of UK Government • 100+ scientists and engineers

11. Energy Landscape – Transport, Power, Heat Transport Domestic Industrial & Commercial

12. What we do: • Unique expertise in development/ bespoke testing/ certification testing of aviation & energy systems • Key role in pre-normative work and standards and regulation development • Testing for hydrogen gas turbine operation, liquid hydrogen systems and large scale battery facilities. • Support to strategic development projects, including modelling and safety management

13. Use of Liquid Hydrogen

14. EV Life Battery Cycle: New or Changed Safety Scenarios •

15. What we need • Partners looking for our unique capabilities, flexible large-scale facilities and broad expertise to support advanced research and development. • Partners working in TRL space 1 to 5 in developing new energy/ aviation systems.

16. Health and Safety Executive © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory Using data and analysis to improve health and safety

17. Learning from Failure 4 Fatalities

18. Target our Interventions Help OGDs and industry HSE and Data National Population Database Regulatory Knowledge & Data & Scientific/ Analytical expertise Enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of our regulatory approach Improving decision making Better use of existing data Improve our inspection strategy and sector plans External Focus Internal Focus

19. Discovering Safety Programme Discovering Safety Improving global health and safety performance using data and analytical techniques £10 million, initially 5 year research programme (2018-2022) funded by the Lloyd’s Register Foundation www.discoveringsafety.com

20. Discovering Safety ProgrammeDiscovering Safety Programme aims to be sustainable – continuing to grow and influence the safety landscape Delivered by the HSE and key partner University of Manchester Focusing on where there is scope to make the biggest overall impact and accelerate improvements in health and safety

21. 14 Thank you Email : stuart.hawksworth@hsl.gsi.gov.u k Telephone : +44 1298218139 www.hsl.gov.uk www.hse.gov.uk Thank You For Your Attention

22. Copyright © 2019 BSI. All rights reserved Nick Fleming, Head of Transport and Mobility Katerina Busuttil, Senior Standards Manager, Mobility, Materials, and Manufacturing BSI Standards 30 April 2020 Building confidence and accelerating innovation through standardization

23. 06/05/2020 2 The world’s first National Standards Body established in 1901 and a founding member of ISO (1946) and IEC. BSI (The British Standards Institution) is the UK’s National Standards Body (NSB) appointed by Government. Copyright © 2020 BSI. All rights reserved 12,200 committee members 7,000 live projects 1,200 committees/ sub-committees

24. 06/05/2020 Copyright © 2020 BSI. All rights reserved 3 The international and European standards bodies CEN & CENELEC have 34 member countries (EU ×28, EFTA ×3, FYROM, Turkey, Serbia). Like UK, 24 countries have common CEN and CENELEC membership International Organization for Standardization 164 National Standards Body members globally International Electrotechnical Commission 80 members (National Committees) and 80 affiliates globally International Telecommunications Union Agency of the UN. Members are national governments and industry European Committee for Standardization European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization European Telecommunications Standards Institute Industry, government and NSBs

25. 4 National and international standards Professional Codes, Guidance, Best Practice Corporate Technical Speciﬁcations Private & professional standards, codes and guidance BSI as NSB manages BS, EN & ISO, IEC standards PAS route to national and international standards Private and Consortia Standards Sponsored standards - BSI PAS Regional Standards (e.g. EN) Int’l Standards (ISO IEC) National Standards,e.g.British Standards(BS) 95% of national standards published in the UK, year on year, are international and European Copyright © 2020 BSI. All rights reserved

26. 5 Consumer organizations Certification bodies Universities Government departments Enforcement bodies Trade unions Trade associations Industry Professional institutions Standards users Secretary Chair BSI committee Our committees and standards-makers bsigroup.com/getinvolved BSI standards-makers members are volunteers. They participate in standards committees, either as individual experts in their own right, or nominating organization representatives. 12,200 committee members 2,200 nominating organizations 1,200 committees/ sub-committees 120 universities represented 7,000 live projects 2,500 standards published annually Copyright © 2020 BSI. All rights reserved

27. 6 An agreed way of doing something, incorporating the distilled wisdom of people with expertise in their subject matter, who know the needs of the organizations they represent Voluntary, market-led Legitimacy through consensus and public consultation Undergo systematic review to ensure their continuing validity Can be supported through testing, certification, accreditation Can be used to demonstrate compliance with regulations Consensus standards Copyright © 2020 BSI. All rights reserved

29. The right standard at the right time 06/05/2020 Copyright © 2020 BSI. All rights reserved 8 Bringing stakeholders together Developing community view Market readiness Market acceptance Ongoing business The type of standards needed varies according to maturity of technology, nature of technology and industry sector O’Sullivan, E. and Brévignon-Dodin, L. (2012). Role of Standardization in Support of Emerging Technologies. Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge. Technology development Technology demonstration System development Test, launch and operation Technologyreadinesslevels + -

30. Current aerospace standards 06/05/2020 Copyright © 2019 BSI. All rights reserved 9 https://standardsdevelopment.bsigroup.com Search term Aerospace: 3189 standards in development/available Drone: 14 ISO proposals Unmanned aircraft: 52 standards (proposals, drafting, published)

32. BSI supporting light-weighting in transport 06/05/2020 Copyright © 2020 BSI. All rights reserved 11 https://www.bsigroup.com/en-GB/about-bsi/uk-national- standards-body/about-standards/Innovation/advanced-materials/ Free to download at: Aerospace – current standards aligned with regulations and fit for purpose, but in the future the move to new materials and processes means changes to standards will be required.

33. BSI supporting light-weighting – key findings related to aerospace 06/05/2020 Copyright © 2019 BSI. All rights reserved 12 • Standards are not keeping up with the changes in composite manufacturing and materials technology – there are specific processing and materials related issues. This issue is costing companies operating the aerospace composites sector through the need to create their own specifications and/or perform extra testing on new materials. • Need for repair standards, improved codes/standards for welding and bonding of composites structures. • Need standards for battery enclosures – guidance on requirements for factors such as fire, EMC, penetration. • Test standards (and analysis, infrastructure) need to be updated to cope with certification of parts made from material other than prepreg.

34. BSI supporting the Faraday Battery Challenge 06/05/2020 Copyright © 2020 BSI. All rights reserved 13 Faraday Battery Challenge: standards programme BSI is leading the standards programme, which is sponsored by Innovate UK and the Faraday Battery Challenge (FBC). Programme Objectives q Developing and codifying good practice to fill in key knowledge gaps and responding to pressing challenges (including around health, safety and environmental considerations) - critical to UKBIC and UK industry q Building public confidence in batteries and EVs q Identifying further gaps and challenges and devising appropriate responses q Growing the Faraday battery network The programme covers three areas of work: • Research into the current standards landscape completed • The development of three Publicly Available Specifications (PASs) in development • Strategic roadmap for future standards and standards uptake ongoing

35. 14 UAS and UAV standards • Area of emerging standardization • BSI technical committees (ACE/) • British Standards, ISO/IEC, ASTM with focus on UAS and safe operations of drones • Some focus on UAS + Drone operation • BSI research project with ARPAS-UK BS ISO 21384- 3:2019 Unmanned aircraft systems. Operational procedures 2019 BS ISO 21895:2020 Categorization and classification of civil unmanned aircraft systems 2020 BS ISO 21384-1-4 UAS. General specifications, product systems, vocabulary DPC BS EN 4709-001 Aerospace series - UAS - Product requirements and verification for the Open category Draft BS ISO 23665 UAS-- Training for personnel involved in UAS operations DPC BS ISO 24352 Technical requirements for light and small unmanned aircraft electric energy system Draft BS ISO/IEC 22460 SERIES ISO license and drone identity module for drone (Ultra-Light Vehicle or UAS) P ISO Test methods for civil multi-rotor unmanned aircraft system P ISO Fuel Cell Power Systems for unmanned aircraft systems - Performance test methods P ISO UAS traffic management (UTM) DPC https://standardsdevelopment.bsigroup.com/

36. 15 BSI Drones/UAS research To investigate emergent standards environment: • Duplication, where different industries/organizations may be pursuing standards with similar scope • Gaps in the standards landscape – UK leadership opportunities? • Barriers to adoption (of standards) • Early observations… • Lack of key standard definitions such as “safety critical” vs “safety related” and UTM • Many confuse regulation and standards • Increased awareness needed of emerging standards landscape (aviation, common, sector) • More internationally than UK • EASA regulations create uncertainty • Areas for ‘good practice’ to support and accelerate drone operation and use

37. The UK CAV policy framework 06/05/2020 Copyright © 2019 BSI. All rights reserved 16 £250m invested into R&D projects – cutting edge technology Open regulatory approach – you can test on UK roads now £200m invested in testing infrastructure – a world leading ecosystem Sources: CCAV, Zenzic

38. • Accelerate and support the development of CAVs in the UK • Support the UK as a global Centre of Excellence • Inform the development of international standards to drive exports and overseas investment 06/05/2020 Copyright © 2019 BSI. All rights reserved 17 Connected and autonomous vehicles standards programme

40. Copyright © 2020 BSI. All rights reserved. AVs – supporting the challenge of urban deployment CAV Terminology / Classifications / ODDs Safety and Testing • Control systems/perception • Safe trials and development • Virtual + real-world testing • AI Machine Learning Data • Event data capture/storage • Geospatial and dynamic data • Privacy and protection CAV Infrastructure • V2V / V2X Comms • MVI • ITS (Road Space Management) Security • CAV operational resilience • Software authentication

41. BSI PAS 1883 Operational Design Domain - Taxonomy

42. Programme overview: supporting UK trials and deployment

43. 22 BSI Contacts – Aerospace and Transport Future of Flight/Transport Nick Fleming (nick.fleming@bsigroup.com) Katerina Busuttil (katerina.busuttil@bsigroup.com) BSI Policy Daniel Barlow (daniel.barlow@bsigroup.com) BSI UK technical committees (EN/ISO/IEC) Samantha Lea-Wooton (Samantha-Lea.Wootton@bsigroup.com) BSI-ARPAS Drones research Julie Weller (julie.weller@bsigroup.com)

44. Legal and Regulatory Issues Chris Reed Professor of Electronic Commerce Law

45. What do consortia want to know? • What is the law and regulation we need to integrate with? – Existing law and regulation will need to change – (Ideally) Cross-cutting work to work out how • How does our technology need to be shaped to comply? – This will require judgment, not just box-ticking – Needs of developing technology also need to shape the new law and regulation FEEDBACK

46. Legal and regulatory framework • Aviation-specific – Standards and certification, operational regulation, air traffic integration • Liability and insurance – How is liability allocated between the various actors? – Will the insurance market cover these liabilities? • Other law and regulation – Planning, environmental etc • Mainly locality-specific – Data protection • Information relating to individuals will be captured, eg person X flew from A to B

47. Aviation-specific law and regulation • Primarily a CAA activity – But would benefit from input from external experts – And feedback from consortia on their technologies • Standards and certification – Aircraft and infrastructure • Operational regulation • Integration with other air traffic – A particular problem for autonomous systems • Need to interoperate with foreign aircraft

48. Liability • Existing schemes of liability won’t be appropriate for autonomous aircraft – Strict (no-fault) liability to those on the ground (section 76 Civil Aviation Act 1982) still works – Other liabilities primarily via tort of negligence • Based on human foresight of risk and measures taken • Linking autonomous decision-making to preceding human decision-making – Design, training, testing, revision • Responsibility may be hard to identify and allocate (and thus expensive to litigate) – Should we have an aviation-specific liability regime?

49. Insurance • Will the insurance sector cover unquantifiable risks? – Probably no! • Thus a need for technology producers to satisfy the sector that the risks are understandable enough – Better to do this in advance! • Attitudes and needs of the sector ought to be identified and included in any aviation-specific liability regime

50. What might consortia need? • Understanding of law and regulation as applied to their technologies – Both existing and developing – Plus liability allocation between consortium members • Help in achieving compliance • Help in providing feedback for developing law and regulation • Communication at development stage with the insurance sector

51. Opening up airspace for drone use by connecting drone pilots to landowners 30th April 2020: ISCF Future Flight Networking Event (Regulation): Final The Importance of Landowner Consultation in achieving our Future Flight Ambitions

52. The Promise Land The Importance of Landowner Consultation in Achieving our Future Flight Ambitions

53. Landowner Interactions

54. Unlocking Use Cases via Landowner Consultation

55. There are 170,000 recreational drone pilots all wondering where they can legally fly their drone….. There are 10,000 Enterprise Drone Companies wanting to obtain access to low-level airspace to deliver new drone use cases to grow the UK economy. There are a group of large strategic landowners (owning 80% of the land in the UK together) who have rights to low-level airspace above their land but don’t know how to communicate their drone policy to the drone industry. Meanwhile in the UK

56. Drone users need landowner permission to take off, land and to overfly property at low altitude….but they find it difficult to find out who owns land and agree the terms of access. On the other hand…. Landowners are concerned about drones flying from, and over their land without their permission, but they rarely communicate and publicise their drone policy to the drone community How to Navigate Landowner Consultation At DronePrep the premis behind our platform is a very simple one.

57. Public Perception This disconnect creates bad drone user practices, fear, mistrust and misunderstanding between each group and results in negative public perception of drones which undermines the development of the industry. At DronePrep we are collaborating with HM Land Registry, Ordnance Survey, Registrars of Scotland and many others to open up low-level airspace for responsible drone use in the UK by connecting drone pilots with landowners to unlock new locations and possibilities for drone use.

58. The DronePrep Platform DronePrep allows drone users to search any location in the UK so that they can enquire directly with a landowner about the conditions of flight. In addition, we allow landowners to share their policy on drone access. This can range from all are welcome to a complete ban; the middle ground is a graduated permission for drone access depending on factors such as location, time, insurance and professional experience. Our mission is to inform the drone industry and recreational pilots (a group of 180,000+ flyers) where they can and can’t fly and to allow engagement between landowners and the drone community to open up opportunities for both groups. The Solution

59. Search for any landowner, get permission, and find places to fly your drone responsibly Communicate your drone access policy to the drone community and access a network of responsible flyers

60. We want to help enable the industry and collaborate Gareth Whatmore (Founder) Twitter @GLWhatmore / DronePrepUK Email gareth@droneprep.uk

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