INDUCED BREEDING HYPOPHYSATION TECHNIQUE AND APPLICATION

1.  NAME: ANSARI KAUSAR MOHD KHALID
 ID NO: 7763
 CLASS: MSc-I [ZOOLOGY]
 PAPER-2 [DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-II]
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY

2. TOPIC :
INDUCED BREEDING IN FISH:
Technique and Application

3. • The artificial process by means of which the
extract of the pituitary is introduced inside the
body of both the matured male and female
fishes.
• Then after being excited, they lay eggs in the
pond water and subsequently fertilization takes
place and the process is called induced breeding
of fishes.
• This process of breeding is also known as
hypophysation.
 INDUCED BREEDING IN FISH:

4. • The technique of induced breeding was first
evolved in Argentina after producing pituitary
extract by B. A. Hussay in 1930.
• Brazilian was the first country to develop a
technique for hypophysation in 1934.
• In India, first attempt to induce breeding was
made by Hamid khan in 1937 on Cirrhinus
mrigala.
• Dr. Hiralal Chaudhary applied this technique in
minor carps in 1955.
 HISTORY OF INDUCED BREEDING:

5. TECHNIQUE FOR INDUCED BREEDING:
REMOVAL OF GLAND
PREPARATION OF GLAND EXTRACT
PRESERVATION OF EXTRACT
INJECTION
SPAWNING

6. REMOVAL THROUGH FORAMEN MAGNUM:
The foramen magnum was first exposed by removing
vertebral parts adhering to skull. Fat is removed
first by means of forceps and then cotton piece. A
pair of forceps then inserted into foramen magnum
dorsally to the brain and anterior part of the brain
now detached and remaining is carefully lifted out
through the foramen magnum. The gland is then
located and removed.
 REMOVAL OF GLAND:

7. REMOVAL OF GLAND BY DISSECTING HEAD:
This technique is not used commercially as because
the heads are damaged by this process. The first
method of removal is less time consuming and
economical as the heads are used for human
consumptions later. At first the head is dissected
using sharp butcher’s knife, a portion of scalp is
chopped off in a clean cut with one stroke. Fat
surrounding the brain is removed with the help of
cotton. Olfactory and optic nerves are now severed,
and then brain is lifted up and removed.
Locate the gland. The gland may come up along with
the brain or may remain
 REMOVAL OF GLAND:

8. 1. Gland weighed and homogenized in distilled water or
0.3% saline
2. Final volume should be 0.2ml/kg BW of the fish
3. Centrifuged the suspension
4. Supernatant used for injection
5. Extract of the gland prepared just before injection.
 Brooders Selection:
1. The brooders must be healthy enough and ripe
2. 2 – 4 years of age is generally selected
3. 1 – 5 kg body weight is preferable
 PREPARATION OF GLAND EXTRACT:

9. • ALCOHOL PRESERVATION: After collection of glands
immediately put in absolute alcohol for defatting and
dehydration. After 24 hour's glands washed with absolute
alcohol and kept again in fresh abs. Alcohol store in
refrigerator up to 2-3 years or at room temperature up to 1
year.
• ACETONE PRESERVATION: Glands kept in fresh acetone or
in dry ice-chilled acetone inside a refrigerator at -20 OC for
36-48 hours. 2-3 changes of acetone at about 8- 12 hours
intervals glands are taken out of acetone, put on filter paper
and dried at room temperature for one hour. largely
practiced in USSR and USA.
• GLYCERIN PRESERVATION: Preserved extract in glycerin
and kept in refrigerator for 24 hours and preserved in
propylene glycol and kept in refrigerator for 30 days with
Immersed in 1.5% TCA for 12 hours and kept in refrigerator
for 10 days
 PRESERVATION OF EXTRACT:

10. • The pituitary extract is administered into the body of
breeders by means of hypodermic syringe either intra
muscular or intra peritoneal.
• Determination of correct dosage of pituitary extract to
be given to the breeders is very important and depends
upon the size and state of maturity of the recipient
(breeders) as well as upon the state of maturity of the
donor for the glands.
• Intra-cranial injections preferred in USSR and
intraperitoneal in USA and Japan.
• Intra-muscular injection is most common practice in
India.
• Intra-muscular injection given at the caudal peduncle or
shoulder regions near the base of the dorsal fin.
• Intra-peritoneal injections given at the base of the
pelvic fin or pectoral fin.
 INJECTION:

11. • After injection to the brooders, a set of brooders are
released into breeding hapa. The hapa is the fine
netting, rectangular in shape and is held by four
bamboo poles one at each corner.
• Closed meshed mosquito netting is preferred for that
purpose, as its meshes will allow a good circulation of
water and will also not let the laid eggs and milt escape
through the meshes.
• FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SPAWNING OF FISH:
• Climate - 24°C to 31°C with cloudy days and rainy
periods. Light drizzling following heavy rains is ideal. In
absence of rain artificial showers are used.
• Water – flowing water is preferred.
• Turbidity - 100ppm 1000ppm.
• Light - it is known to bring that light may help in early
maturation and spawning of fish.
 SPAWNING:

12. SPAWNING HAPAS

13. APPLICATION:
Eggs and spawns of carps at the
collected from the river bed, there is
no possibility of mixture of other
fishes of eggs and spawns. Whereas,
in the induced breeding there is no
possibility of mixture and as a result
the pure form of fish sees are
obtained.
Desired species of carps can be
cultured through the induced
breeding.
Large numbers of eggs are
available from a fish through
induced breeding.
1 2 3

14. APPLICATION:
In same season, a carp can be induced
to breed more than once.
Transportation cost becomes
very low as the carps can breed
in any desired pond.
Between the different species
of fishes hybridization can be
done and it is possible to get
hybrid variety of fishes.
4 5 6

15. REFERENCE:
 Fish and Fisheries of India - V. G. Jhingran
 General and applied Ichthyology - S. K. Gupta and P. C. Gupta
 A text book of fish and fisheries - Pandey and Shukla.
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261994048_Induced_Breeding

16. thank you!