This is an academic assignment done for the purpose to draft a master plan/ development plan. This helps us to identify the concept and context of the various plans and its development proposals applicability and replicability.

1. DEVELOPMENT PLANS
REVIEW
School of Architecture & Planning
Anna University, Chennai-25.
MASTER OF PLANNING
2017
19

2. “Growth for the sake of growth is the ideology of the cancer cell.”:Edward Abbey.
This Document shall prepared for Academic pur�ose(Planning Project -2 )
under the pur�iew of Dr.S.R.Masilamani and Mr.P.Sudharshanamur�hy.

3. Table of
Contents
1.ReviewofMangaloreMasterPlan,2021.
2.ReviewofDelhiMasterPlan,2021
3.Reviewof AmristarMasterPlan,2031.
4.ReviewofKochiDevelopmentPlan,2031.
5.ReviewofPortBlairMasterPlan,2030.
6.ReviewofNoidaMasterPlan,2031.
7.ReviewofChandigarhMasterPlan,2031.
8.ReviewofThiruvanathapuramMasterPlan,2031.
9.ReviewofMysore-NanjagudMasterPlan,2031.
10.ReviewofBangaloreMasterPlan.
11.ReviewofPalakadMasterPlan,2001.
12.ReviewofNayaRaipurDevelopmentPlan,2031.
13.ReviewofBhadrakMasterPlan,2030.
14.ReviewofPatnaMasterPlan,2031.

4. K.Aravindan
2017803001
ReviewofMangalore
Master Plan, 2021.
Abstract:
This review talks about the Mangalore revised
master plan‘s methodology, method followed for popula-
tion projection, existing land use, needs and problems,
proposed projects like suggestion of construction of new
roads and expansion, different category of zoning, floor
area ratio.
Introduction:
Mangalore/Mangaluru is the administrative
headquarters of Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka. It is the
port city, which is located 352kms west of the state capital
Bangalore. The growth in the city is north to south direction,
parallel to the sea coast. Ribbon developments are common all
along the transport corridors.
The Mangalore Urban Development Authority
(MUDA) had come out with a revised master plan in 2009.
This second master plan is proposed for the year 2021, which
focuses on the development needs of the region. This Master
plan proposes to develop 207 sq.kms out of 306 sq.kms of the
area includes Mangalore City Corporation, Ullal town pancha-
yat, Mulki municipality and 64 village panchayats.
Demographic Studies:
While preparing the second master plan they have
population upto 2001 census. They have to do the population
projection for the year 2021. They didn‘t project the popula-
tion only based on mathematical formula, but also based on the
past trends of growth. They observed the growth recorded in
the other urban areas of Karnataka and found that annual
exponential growth is 2.53%. This is consider and calculated
prospective population for the year 2021 may taken as 10.70
Methodology:
In this master plan they followed the methodology as
follows, demographic studies, existing situation, requirements
and proposals, zoning regulations and implementation.
Existing Situvation:
The existing educational and health services are
observed adequate. It is observed that secondary and territory
sector activities are major part in the city is considered for the
land allocation. In 2001, around 39% of the area are accounted
for build up, 52% of the area are accounted for agriculture, 9%
of the area are accounted for water bodies.
Proposals:
The proposed land use analysis shows a dominance of industri-
al and transport uses. The proposed land use of Mangalore local planning
area by 21 planning districts.
This plan suggested the expansion of narrow roads and the
construction of new roads on some stretches by keeping in mind the
growth of traffic in the coming years. To restrict the flow of heavy
vehicles into the city, the constructions of truck terminals on the outskirts
of the city are also planned in this second master plan. The second master
plan of Mangalore considers buildings exceeding 18m in height as high
rise buildings earlier it was 15m. The minimum width of roads leading to
such buildings will go up to 12m.
This master plan had categorized the planning area as
intensively developed zone, moderate developed zone, and sparsely
developed zone. The central business district area has been designated as
intensively developed zone, the surrounding areas has been designed as
moderate developed zone and some areas on outskirts has been designat-
ed as sparsely developed zone. This separation helps to set certain limits.
The floor area ratio (FAR) of intensively developed zone is less
than the moderate developed zone, which is less than the sparsely devel-
oped zone. The maximum floor area ratio, including the premium FAR
has been fixed as 3.25 in this master plan. That FAR suitable only for
sparsely developed zone.
The second master plan of Mangalore proposes to earmark a
maximum of 3% of land in the residential layout for commercial purpos-
es. This plan also come out with a separate plans for integrated townships
and group houses. The land proposed for the establishment of Mangalore
Special Economic Zone has been identified as industrial area in the
master plan.
This master plan had banned constructing apartments on plots
abutting roads which were less than 6m wide. And also banned to
construct houses on land less than 80 sq.m. This plan also stated that if
the parking space are not enough in commercial areas then the owner of
the plot must pay to the local authority.
Conclusion:
It is clear that from the existing land use in
2001 agriculture plays an important role in the city,
but in proposed they didn‘t consider agricultural
development. They proposed only 14% of the land for
the agricultural use. Development should be equally
in all sectors, but nowadays some sectors develop-
ment is not considered in total development of the
city.
1

5. Review of Amristar
Master Plan, 2021.
Giriraj
2017803003
Introduction:
Urban areas in past have not received much attention in
terms of their planning, development and management despite the
fact that cities and economic development are inextricably linked.
Because of high productivity of urban areas, economic develop-
ment activities get located in cities. Considering the role and impor-
tance of rational and orderly growth of urban centers, the Govern-
ment of Punjab intends to streamline the development process in
urban settlements to ensure that these settlements continue to
achieve their objectives of improved efficiency and productivity.
The Punjab Urban Planning and Development Authority (P.U.D.A)
is an apex institution established in July 1995 for promoting the
balanced urban growth in the State of Punjab. PUDA has undertak-
en the task of providing planned residential, commercial and indus-
trial spaces incorporating the latest state of the art technology and
town planning norms
Objectives:
The prime objective of the Master Plan is to promote,
guide and rationalize the future growth and development of urban
centers. It will endorse growth in the desired direction, promote
economic development, improving service delivery and providing
amenities to its people. Master Plan ensures rational policy choices
besides providing a flexible framework based on ground realities
for a defined time span
Scope ofWork:
The scope of Master Plan to be prepared covers the
following aspects:
• Collection and review of available data, documents, reports, etc.
and site visits.
• Sector studies in terms of demand, supply and identifying gaps in
service delivery.
• Formulation of vision and working out strategy
Demographic Charachter:
Municipal Corporation, Amritsar has been found to be
the most urbanized settlement of the L.P.A comprising of 61%
population of the LPA. Municipal Corporation, Amritsar consti-
tutes 91.5% of urban population of the Amritsar district. Among
the other four major urban settlements within L.P.A, Jandiala has
2.14% share of the urban population of the district and Rajasansi
has least urban population share of 1.1%. Among the 310 rural
settlements falling in Amritsar LPA, Budha Theh is a census town
according to census 2001. For projecting the population, the
method used is the average of all the projected population.
Heritage &Tourism:
In order to promote tourism in the city large number of
steps has been taken and new projects are being initiated to make
Amritsar as the tourist destination. This includes the renovation of
the old heritage places and creation of new places for tourism and
providing the facilities for them.
Housing:
Looking at the growth of the occupied residential houses
in the Amritsar city, it has been observed that the number of
occupied houses have grown by 13.74% in the decade from
1981-1991 with highest growth observed in the decade from
1991-2001 which is of the order of 92.53%. The demand of the
housing for the future population is calculated and new residential
areas are identified for future development.
Transportation:
Nearly 1388.67 hectares of the area which is 16.66% of
the total developed area and 9.75% of the total municipal area of
the city is under road network which comprises of roads, railway
line, terminals such as bus stand, truck stand, railway station,
airport and parking lots/areas existing in the Amritsar city. The
existing area under this category is less than the prescribed norm of
15-18% for the metro cities. Hierarchy of all the roads are classified
and the proposals are made for the integrated transport system.
Conclusion:
The major objective of the master plan is to have balanced devel-
opment in all spheres of urban life: physical, social and economic
in a comprehensive manner. There is need to make urban transition
efficient, equitable and cost effective by making policies and bring-
ing out new projects/schemes. This objective can be achieved by
proper implementation of all the proposals by strong institutional
setup and also regular monitoring and review of the plan for every
5 years will help in regularizing the development.

6. Review of Delhi
Master Plan, 2021.
Introduction:
Delhi master plan 2021 was proposed after the proposal
of regional plan 2021 of the National Capital Region for the area
under National Capital Territory of Delhi. In the introduction,
review of the previous master plan was reviewed and it gives a
clear knowledge about the projections made and the development
happened. Then the methodology adopted for the plan preparation
explains about the public participation in the planning process
even in the pre planning stages.
Highlights:
The major highlights of the plan are listed and it gives
overall perspective about the master plan and the focused areas.
The method used for projection of population for the year 2021
was not explained and the data were collected from the regional
plan and the Census of India. The Green Belt concept is proposed
for remaining rural areas and some restrictions were made to
conserve the area. The strategies to regulate the special area where
there is mix-use activities, is explained and regulations for the
mix-use activities are made for the special area.
Housing:
The housing needs for the year 2021 is calculated and
redevelopment of the existing residential areas and its extension
for the increase in high demand of housing may increase the
migration. The introduction of night shelters for the homeless is
an important aspect of the master plan. The regulations for the
residential development are explained in detail.
Trade & Commerce:
Hierarchy of the commercial areas are made and the
required commercial area for the respective areas can be found.
The provisions were made for the street vendors /informal sector
and planning norms proposed also will help in regulating them.
Industry:
In the industry sector, modernization of the existing
industries and introduction of hi tech industries were proposed
and it will greatly reduce the pollution. But it will also affect the
employment opportunities of the labours of the existing indus-
tries. No industrial activity zone in historic areas is also helpful
for pollution free environment. Guidelines for new industrial
zones were proposed and it helps in regulating the new industries.
Government offices:
Decentralization of Government offices and optimum
utilization of the government land will result in availability of
land which can be used for other developments. The increase in
recreational area will help in reducing the pollution. The treatment
of polluted water in Yamuna River should be managed properly.
Transportation:
Preparation of integrated multimodal transportation will
help in increased usage of public transport. Intelligent transport
system and safe facilities for pedestrians and bicyclists are
highlights of the plan. The proposal for the extension of existing
roads and the constructions of new roads will increase the usage
of private mode of transport which is not encourageable. Proposal
of multi-level parking and parking standards are highlights of the
plan.
Infrastructure:
All the social and physical infrastructure proposals are
in accordance with URDPFI guidelines and all the proposals
should be implemented to cater to the needs.of transport which is
not encourageable. Proposal of multi-level parking and parking
standards are highlights of the plan.
Conclusion:
All the proposals in the master plan adhered to the
vision of the master plan i.e. to make Delhi a global metropolis
city. Thus, implementing the plan is the major issue with previous
master plans. If all the proposals are implemented, then by 2021,
Delhi will become a global metropolis city.
S.Gopi Krishnan
2017803003
3

7. Review of Kochi
Development Plan, 2031.
Introduction:
Kochi is one of the major port city and located on the
Indian west coast. Kochi urban area is vibrant economic region in
the State, Kerala. The Geographic area of Kochi metropolitan is
440km2. The population of metropolitan area is 2119724 as per
census 2011. Majority of the urban settlements exhibits similar
constraints and pressure in overall development. As the word
“development” itself used variably in accordance with the situation
or the state of condition. Urban is also a condition term that
determined through satisfying the eligibility criterions. These
criterions are varies from one geographic location to another.
Kochi urban area is also exhibiting the character in
parlance with global cities. The major concern is about to sustain the
existing growth and promote development. The Tool that helpful for
spatial planners are development plans. These plans are generally to
promote the quality of life of the people collectively.
Previous Developments:
Kochi city region (or) planning area had numerous devel-
opment plans like Interim Development Plan for Cochin, Develop-
ment Plan for Cochin Region, 1976, Structure Plan for Central City,
Kochi, 2001, Development Plan/Detailed Town Planning Schemes,
Vision Document for Kochi, 2002, City Development Plan (CDP)
for Kochi, 2006, where some of them could hardly realizable. Some
of the studies like Comprehensive Traffic and Transport Study
(CTTS) for Greater Cochin Area, August 2001 by RITES, Traffic
and Transportation System Study for Cochin City by NATPAC,
2007, Detailed Project Report on Kochi Metro Project by DMRC
Ltd, 2005 Environmental Study of Corporation of Cochin by Centre
for Environment and Development, 2006 where had a root with the
unrealized plans that prepared earlier.
Act & Contents:
The Content of the developments plans must conjunction
to the vision and its objectives of the intended development. The
legal binding that brought Kochi development plan had flexible
nature to pick and choose the contents. This is due to the fact of not
having a unified Town and Country Planning Act, while preparation
of the plan there were three acts that in validity, Existing town
planning act, 1180 me (Malayalam era) 1938 A.D. Travancore town
and country planning act, 1945 A.D., Madras town planning act,
1920. (Kerala Town and Country Planning Act, 2016).
Planning Process & Proposal:
The systematic planning process is adopted in the preparation
of the plan. The usual planning process like every other development
plan preparation undergoes is taken up from visualizing aims , strategiz-
ing development concepts, investigating the current situation, devising
zoning and regulations and implementation.
The city is of regional importance, the purview of proposals
are having regional approach like proposing a counter magnet to deviate
migrants, state of art infrastructure, and environmental promotion and
conservation. Special emphasis towards tourism and transportation is
seen through weightage given in the development report.
Implementation Stratergy:
The emphasis is towards the implementation phase of the
plan. The Plan could be realizable when the adequate resources are
achieved. The special plans especially the City Development plan
identified numerous projects for the Kochi city. The projects were in
course of action. The Delineation of the planning area is taken as it is
the CDP planning area for ease in the transformation of projects that
could possibly realize through the integration.
The Devisable strategy is dividing the whole kochi Planning
area into planning divisions of potential importance like, heritage &
Residential, Healthcare & Residential, Heritage & Tourism etc. This
zoning evolves divisional specific development regulations for orderly
growth. The implementation mechanism is simple in terms of institu-
tional arrangement and legal support. The plan is implemented by urban
local bodies as per Kerala Municipality Act, 1994..
The contents in the plan are delineation of the planning
area, population, economic base, urban form & infrastructure, land
utilization, housing, transportation, environment, heritage &
tourism, disaster risk and management.
Conclusion:
Development plans are generally a guide to promote and
control the development. The zoning can be up step from the systematic
process and included after conceiving the development concept.
Conceptually, this division is possible and rational with simple
statistics. The Relevance of national and state policies should derived
and cognizance with the development plan gives better clarity towards
the vision of future growth of city that couples the national growth.
The Interface between Development (Master) plans and City
developments plan is possible through realizing the proposals that
should be dove tailed on statutory plan. The lack of integrity prevails
confusion in the development plan hierarchical process.
The Kochi development plan is achieved
the interface, both the plans are in the relatively
similar time horizon that assimilates addition
strength to the plan. These like strengths should
imbibe in the development plans to better imple-
mentation.
P. Karthick Krishna
2017803004

8. Review of Port Blair
Master Plan, 2030.
Abstract:
Emerald Islands more popularly known as Andaman &
Nicobar Islands on the Eastern side of India witnessed urbanization
with Negrito and Mangaloid tribes, Islanders, Patriots, Settlers from
Mainland. The Earliest and fastest growing settlement is "Port
Blair" named after British Lieutenant, Archibald Blair with a
population of 99,984(As of 2001) and extending over an area of
17.74 Sq.Km. The emergence of Port Blair and surrounding islands
as a tourist spot, coupled with all issues and challenges of the
ecologically fragile environment throws many threats for future
development.
Content:
The Master Plan is inclusive of past and present condition
of population, Physical features, Climate, Social-Cultural and
economic factors, Shelter and built environment, Traffic & Trans-
portation, Infrastructure, Recreation and Tourism, Environment,
Land use, Development Measures and Proposals.
Issues:
The development issues are expansion and carrying
capacity of future development, upgradation in the social infrastruc-
ture, less growth potential of primary and secondary sector, environ-
mental considerations, connectivity between islands and mainland
and within island, Coastal management,vulnerability to disasters.
Legal Support:
As per, "The Andaman and Nicobar Islands Town and
Country Planning Rules, "No development of land shall be under-
taken or carried out in any development of land shall be undertaken
or carried out in any development area by any person or Govern-
ment body unless permission for such development has been
obtained in writing from the town planner". in accordance with the
provision of this regulation"
Traffic &Transportation:
The principal modes of transportation within Union
Territory are Roads and Waterways. The total road length is 850 Km
(As of 2007) which had been increased from 695 Km (1982-83).
Apart from land transport and vehicles, ships,boats,steamers,ferries
facilitates inter-island transportation.Air India and couple of private
airline services link Port Blair with Chennai and Kolkata. The
existing airport is a civil enclave and is with Defence.It is located at
the heart of the town,surrounded by hills on both sides and has
limited scope for expansion which has a Unidirectional
runway.During adverse weather condition,the runway gets inundat-
ed and results in disruption and delay of flights.Recently,It had been
declared as an "International Airport" by Government of India.
Shelter:
Out of 17.74 Sq.Km only 6.63 Sq.Km of land is under
residential use occupies 33% of total extent.Based on Household
Survey,2007 reveals 78 % of HH lives in own houses , 9 % in rental
houses and 13 % in Government quarters.
Recreation &Tourism:
Town of Port Blair is strategically located in South Anda-
man and connected to other tourist spots with an International Airport
at Brookshabad,Calicut.The tourism sector reveals that the ANI
Islands have a potential to generate employment,foreign exchange and
improve economy.The predominant tourism season is observed to be
December to March.Tourist accomodation facilities are available both
from public and private sector.There is vast scope for Tourism sector
to generate and accelerate the economy of the Island.
Environment:
Town of Port Blair is strategically located in South Anda-
man and connected to other tourist spots with an International Airport
at Brookshabad,Calicut.The tourism sector reveals that the ANI
Islands have a potential to generate employment,foreign exchange and
improve economy.The predominant tourism season is observed to be
December to March.Tourist accomodation facilities are available both
from public and private sector.There is vast scope for Tourism sector
to generate and accelerate the economy of the Island.
Delineation:
Delineation of Planning area commence with specifying a
geographical area which can sufficiently and efficiently hold the
population in future and offer them services at a desired level. It
includes the settlement which shows more existing development and
potential for growth in future.
Parameter:
The settlements of the South Andaman have been analysed
on the basis of five dimensions : Physical, Demography, Economy,
Transport & Communication, Social Infrastructural Facilities.
For Instance , Parameters of the Physical Dimensions are
Slope & Built-up Area - Extent area of "No Risk Zone" Slope analysis
(between 0o - 20o) and Built-up area analysis for the settlements
derived from the Digital Elevation Model with the help of IKonos pan
chromatic satellite imagery and scored with a maximum of 5 points for
each parameter. At base level , settlements scoring over the median
values in all the 5 chosen dimensions for inclusion in the planning area
and then in 4 dimensions based on process of iteration.
Ar. Kokilavani.T
2017803005
5

9. Process of Iteration:
The grand score obtained from each dimension had been
converted to maximum of 100 percent.At base level , settlements
scoring over the median values in all the 5 chosen dimensions for
inclusion in the planning area and then in 4 dimensions based on process
of iteration. Systematic analysis helped to bring out the 22 settlements
with higher level of development and potential but they are not spatially
contiguous.9 Revenue villages including Wimberlygunj,Tusnabad and
13 Revenue villages including Bindraban,Cattlegunj were selected
under 5 and 4 points category. Finally total delineated area of 15712
Hectares inclusive of 32 revenue villages.
Process of Iteration:
What is the need for decentralization ? As per UDPFI
standards, the density in developed area of Hill town is 60 - 90 PPH,
applying this developed area is calculated from the land uses : Residen-
tial - 675 ha, Commercial - 37 ha, Industrial - 13 ha, Public and
semi-public uses - 136 ha, Road and transport - 197 ha, Recreation - 101
ha.Total developed area = 1223 Hectares : Density of developed
area(2001) = 81 PPH : Density as on 2006 - 115000/1223 = 94 PPH :
Expected density 2027 - 135 PPH .
Concept of Decentralization of Activities - "Centripetal force
of development redirects the residential activities from the town".The
proposal are as follows : i) Wandoor,Sippighat,Dhanikhari as Tourist
Node ii) Homphygunj as Administrative Node iii) Gracharma,Tusna-
bad,Bamboo Flat as Residential Node iv) Calicut as Transit Node v)
Chouldhari,Mittaghari as Service Node vi) Port Blair as Tourist and
Commercial Centre.
All-round connectivity within delineated planned area - "The
Great Andaman Marine Drive" starting from Port Blair to Dundas point
connecting all tourism spots within island which would provoke the
Tourism and employment in the Island. It was estimated that implemen-
tation of projects would involve Rs.3,183 Crores under 3 phases.Spatial
development of the Island has to be in harmony with the Ecologically
fragile environment of the Islands.
Development Regulations:
Planning norms for the construction activities identify 7
important planning parameters for consideration. They are minimum
plot size, minimum plot frontage, minimum abutting road width,
maximum FAR permissible, maximum plot coverage,maximum
permissible height and maximum floors permissible. These norms vary
foreach of the land use zones depending on the requirement, carrying
capacity of the land and the infrastructure availability
Conclusion:
The Master Plan for Port Blair aims mainly on the
development of Island and its environs into a progressively
self-sustaining community ,with socio-economic develop-
ment and enhancement in quality life keeping in view of its
ecologically fragile environment.

10. Review of Noida Master
Plan, 2031.
Introduction:
The First Master Plan of Delhi prepared in 1962 suggested
that serious considerations should be given for the planned decentral-
ization of large scale economic activities from Delhi and the develop-
ment of towns around Delhi. This paved ways for the development of
Industrial units and warehousing at various locations around Delhi,
resulting in speculative land dealings and potentials for unplanned
and unauthorised development activities. There was a need for
establishing planned urban centres.
Therefore, on April 17, 1976 the Government of Uttar
Pradesh notified 36 villages of Yamuna-Hindon-Delhi Border Regu-
lated Area as New Okhla Industrial Development Area. The State
Government also constituted a new statutory body, namely, the New
Okhla Industrial Development Authority (NOIDA) to ensure planned
development of the area for industrial and allied uses.
Objectives:
Objectives of Noida Master Plan – 2031 are promoting
employment, achieving integrated development of Noida and its
environs, accommodating future growth of population and capitalise
on the area‘s high growth potential due to its proximity to the metro-
politan city of Delhi
Demography:
According to 1981 Census Noida was in its infancy the
population of Noida was 36,972.In the year 1991, Noida was catego-
rised as a Census Town (CT) and by this time 29 villages were urban-
ised and constituted the developed urban area of Noida, which had a
population of 1,46,514 persons. Then population of Noida is increas-
ing rapidly, so it was very difficult to forecast the future population
using a mathematical formula. Noida has definite area to be devel-
oped and the entire area has already been planned and committed to
various urban activities. Hence, population projection for the purpose
of planning has been adopted on the basis of commitment of land for
residential purposes.
Transportation:
New connections over river Yamuna or widening of Okhla
barrage road assuming that the trends of increasing interaction
between Noida and Delhi would be allowed to persist or enlarge.
Appropriate rail linkages, both for passenger and goods traffic. There
is no railway connection or easy access to railway station. Planning
strategies to reduce the flow of traffic linkage of Noida with Delhi and
increase it more with adjoining areas of U.P and Haryana to make
Noida a comparatively more self contained city.
Proposed Regional Rail Linkages - A railway line has
been proposed in the multimodal transport system. This railway line
will link the city of Noida with Dadri in the East and Tughlakabad
of Delhi in the southwest. Metro Corridor- At present, Metro Line
Service is operational between Delhi and City Centre of Noida.
There are Metro Stations in Sector -15, 16, 18, 38A, 38 and 32.
Clover leaf is proposed at the junction of two major roads of sector
62 to NH 24, on Noida - Greater Noida Expressway near sector 143
& 168 and near sector 152, on DSC road near sector 101 and on
Master Plan road No. 2 near sector 32. Traffic is likely is improve
with the construction of proposed elevated roads, clover leaf, under
passes and flyovers. New parking structure should be used innova-
tively to improve usage and integration of public transport.
Landuse:
Land is the medium on which the entire infrastructure of
human settlement is created and under which quiet a lot of
infrastructure is laid. The entire land available in Noida has to be
planned and put to a specific use. The Noida Authority is in the
process of acquiring the entire land for its planned development.
The total land notified for Noida is about 20316 hectares, out of
which quite a large part of about 25% is in the area beyond embank-
ments of river Yamuna and Hindon. This is flood prone area and
suitable to river front development only. This area is not suitable for
urbanization. Hence, about 15280 hectare land situated broadly
between the two river embankments is proposed for planned urban
development.
Recreation:
Recreational areas have been proposed such as parks,
playgrounds and other open spaces is being made mandatory at the
sector level.
Disaster Management:
By the provisions of the Uttar Pradesh Disaster Manage-
ment Act 2005, the Noida and Greater Noida Authorities decided to
prepare a Disaster Management Plan (DMP) for the twin industrial
townships of Noida and Greater Noida, which are likely to develop
into large urban agglomerations and thus are exposed to various
kinds of hazards. The Disaster Management Plan in prepared by the
National Institute of Disaster Management, New Delhi.
Need to formulate appropriate parking policy, which could
incorporate strategies and programmes for on-street and off-street
parking, parking norms/standards, parking pricing and parking
management. An environmentally friendly and integrated transport
system for the city need to be developed.
Conclusion:
All the proposals will make Noida, a fully developed city.
But it is the implementation, where the plan is failing everywhere. If
a strong institutional setup is formed to implement the proposals,
then the aim and objectives of the plan is achievable.
G.Krishna Kumar
2017803006
7

11. Review of Chandigarh
Master Plan,2031.
Introduction:
Chandigarh is the first planned dream city in India. It‘s the
state capital of Punjab and Haryana, located 240kms from New Delhi.
Master plan proposed an area of 114 sq.kms which included the
planned sector of 70 sq.km and the periphery area of 44 sq.kms.
Issues:
Limited / defined area for the city
High degree of traffic congestion
Large scale urbanization in the periphery
Approach:
Analysis of the city‘s current situation for which the
vision for future development is framed contains strategies and guide-
lines for future development and for plan monitoring. SWOT analy-
sis has given the broad vision for the proposal and its approach
Content, Data Required and Analysis:
The image shows the Content, Data requirement and Analy-
sis for the Master plan.
The main content of master plan draft 2031 comprises of its
physical setting and planning concepts, Demography, Housing,
Details about commercial areas, industrial zones, physical and social
infrastructure, open spaces and landscape, traffic and transportation,
analysis and proposals for land use, development plans of Manimajra,
Development controls and regulations which concentrated on ecolo-
gy, environment, disaster management, heritage and sustainable
development. It follows all the norms of URDPFI in a sequential way.
Methodology:
The broad frame work of methodology for preparation of
Master Plan comprises of Preliminary (Identification of Issues), Data
collection and analysis with respect to the factors from which the
population is projected, setting aims and objectives, formulating the
Plan, Plan monitoring and reviewing along with the consultation and
policies.
Population projection is based on the following four
methods. They are Arithmetic progression, Geometric progression,
Incremental increase and Exponential. But there were large variations
in the above four methods so the law of averages has adopted. Popula-
tion has been projected based on the Holding Capacity analysis. The
density of Phase I,II,III lies within the holding capacity so the propos-
al lies in all the phases.
Proposals-
Landuse:
The lands developed based on sectors as per Le-Corbusier‘s
concept. It is planned for three phase development. There is no land
use changes in the first two sectors in the proposed master plan. The
third phase of the sector and the periphery area were proposed. The
identified areas were considered as pockets such that 17 pockets were
proposed with the exception of change of land use. Layouts were
prepared for proposed Residential and Industrial areas. Main focuses
on Green spaces and Eco-sensitive villages were equally proposed.
Mixed land use were proposed along the transit corridors.
Housing:
A holistic housing policy framework has been framed after
analysing the unauthorized colonies. Proposals have been given to
make it slum-free. They are proposing to bind by the law that new
houses shouldn‘t be allocated to the new migrants. Urban Planning
Department has laid stress on augmentation of housing stock in the
city through re-planning and re-utilisation of vacant and existing
single storeyed structures in the sectors of Phase I and II.
The master plan has projected that
against the existing 22,790 private houses, there
will be a requirement of 69,000 plots while in the
case of government houses, the demand will
increase from the existing 24,360 houses to
29,925 by 2031.
K.Madhivadhani
2017803007

12. Industrial Area:
Phase – I and Phase – II Industrial areas were developed in
the initial development stage later Phase –III was mainly focused on
I.T.Park. Only the renewal plan for these three phases were proposed
in the Master Plan. Proposal restricts the increase in FAR for the
existing Industrial areas. Adequate zones for vendors were demarcat-
ed in the first two phases. Provision of adequate infrastructure
facilities for the phases was the main concern.
Traffic &Transportation:
Le-Corbusier‘s intently planned hierarchy of roads to
prevent traffic congestion and pollution but due to increased popula-
tion, growth in private vehicle compositions and the absence of public
transportation systems - high volume of traffic occurred particularly
in the inner part of the city.
It is proposed in the Master plan to create the by-pass to
control trough traffic, additional connectivity to the neighbouring
towns, space for feeder transport service, Integrated Multi modal
mass transport system, commuter rail systems, improving walking
and cycling within Neighbourhood and the proposals for parking
issues. the inner part of the city.
Development Controls & Regulations:
The entire planning process is mechanised by Development
controls and regulations. It includes the guidelines for developing the
use of land and to promote orderly development. Zoning regulations
and Architectural controls were the predominant. Permissibility of
commercial activity on Railway land, motor markets were the new
initiative in this Master plan.
Disaster Management:
Chandigarh has high vulnerability to earthquakes as it lies
in seismic zone IV. Risk and Vulnerability analysis is carried out and
Disaster Management Strategy is adopted in three categories such as
Pre Disaster phase, Impact phase and Post Disaster phase. There are
building byelaws and guidelines adopted for Earthquake resistant
construction.
Heritage:
13 Heritage status zones were shortlisted and a holistic
approach towards protection, preservation and maintenance of
heritage buildings and unique characteristic of the city should be
adopted. These zones can be graded in three different categories with
defined objectives. Master plan which includes detailed guidelines
for facade control, streetscape and restoration of building materials.
Open Space & Ecology:
Chandigarh is also known as Green city. The conser-
vation of the green heritage in future is a major concern with
regards to the rapid development of the city. So it was declared
as inviolable land use in the open spaces. Hierachry of open
spaces were recommended based on the URDPFI norms.
Enhanced the qualitative and quantitative green space of the
city through innovations which aims to promote the tourism.
streetscape and restoration of building materials.
Conclusion:
All the above mentioned proposals are feasible. It
aims to increase the living status of the poor people. It consid-
ers all other factors which will cause the development as per
the analysis and projection. As a whole sustainable approach is
adopted for the city development.
9

13. Review ofThiruvananthapuram
Master Plan, 2031.
Thiruvananthapuram Master Plan (Draft) for year 2031 starts with
the necessity of preparation of Master plan with a theme Thiruvananthapur-
am as a sustainable city i.e. Developments made without compromising the
ability of future generation to experience the same.
During overview of previous development plans, it indicates the
strategies prepared for development of various sectors and also makes note
on How far it is realized? which is very much useful to study the problems
occurred during implementation and make necessary modifications during
the preparation of future development plans. It also carries forward the
basic principles and approaches embodied in the First Master plan.
The demography characters and existing land use were studied for
corporation as well as district level and the population projection was made
using Decrease growth rate and Apportionment method. Workforce Partici-
pation Ratio and Concentration Index were used in the analysis of occupa-
tional structure. The study on Industries provides the data for the future
economic base for the city. The existing hierarchy of commercial clusters
and markets were studied in Trade and commerce.
Kovalam beach is a world tourism destination, the existing
tourism attractions and prominent tourist places in the city and the agencies
involved in tourism sector were identified. The objective of conservation is
to ensure Future‘ for the past, the various types of heritage forms within the
city and major development issues in conservation aspects were discussed.
The existing water sources, water supply system, available water
treatment plants, demand and supply of water, existing sewerage system,
major constraints in sewerage network and method of sewage disposal were
studied in infrastructure facilities. As Solid waste management is a
challenging issue in any city development, generation and collection of
wastes, composition of waste and existing treatment facilities were
analysed.
The various educational institutions and the development issues
were listed for different and various levels of education. The common
diseases and the existing health care infrastructure were studied.
The different pollution aspects and problems evolved in the
environment were analysed. Library, Parks and Playgrounds, crematoria
and burial grounds and other existing civic amenities were studied. City
slum identification, different slum improvement schemes for providing
housing, estimation of existing housing shortage and additional houses
required for added population of city were analysed.
The existing transport networks for three different modes of travel
i.e Land, water and air, Traffic volume study, parking characteristics, modal
split, passenger trips, purpose of trip were studied to analyse the traffic and
transportation problems. The existing spatial structure and hierarchy of
nodes were made based on activity pattern and functional character of
space.
The summary of the detailed study and major
findings were listed for different sectors separately for the
formulation of vision, goals and objectives for preparation
of plan. The development concept was made by suggesting
city form and direction of development, hierarchy of nodes,
road connectivity, spatial structure and formulation of
development zones in the city. The detailed land use was
proposed based on three zones: Built up, green and special
zones and different uses allowed in different zones were
mentioned. Transferable development rights for new devel-
opments were also suggested.
The detailed traffic and transportation plan was
made by proposing the road networks, junction improve-
ment programmes, cycle networks, rail network, Mono rail,
inland water network, air transport, LRTS, pedestrian
facilities, parking facilities and fly overs. The sector wise
proposal for individual sector was made separately.
At the end the development controls were made by
zoning regulation, zone wise varying FAR, transferable
development rights and special guidelines for the prepara-
tion of layout plan/DTP Scheme for green to planned devel-
opment zone.
R.Magesh
2017803008

14. Review of Mysore- Nanjangud
Master Plan, 2031.
Overview:
Mysore is the second largest city in the state of Karnataka and
it is also one of the important tourist destinations in India.
The State government, under the provisions of the Karnataka
Town and Country Planning Act 1961, constituted a City Planning
Authority for Mysore (Mysore Urban Development Authority – MUDA)
for preparation of development plans for the Mysore Local Planning
Area. The conurbation area, which was 92.21 sq km in 1981, has now
enlarged to 509 sq kms comprising 117 villages. Mysore taluk's 84 villag-
es, Nanjangud's 19 and Srirangapatna's 14 are proposed to be part of
Mysore Nanjangud Local Planning Area. MUDA is aiming to develop
Nanjangud as twin city.
The leading Tier-II city is looking at doubling its population in
2031 from 13 lakh as of now. The Master Plan used trials of Arithmetic
increase , Geometric increase and Graphical method, and it applies
Graphical method or Trend method to project the population.
Proposals & Expectations:
Since it is a heritage city, The Master Plan also has put in place
a mechanism to conserve heritage environs of Mysore even as the city see
a change in terms of skyscrapers. An empowered panel is sought to be
constituted to take care of heritage monuments. A special regula-
tion is also proposed to conserve greenery and buffer zone of the Chamun-
di Hills.
There is also a proposal to shift the Central Jail to the outskirts
of the city to release land for suitable use, while suggestions are in place
for creating parking facilities for heavy duty vehicles to reduce their
movement inside the city. MUDA has its hopes on the Peripheral Ring
Road (PRR), which is proposed to be built some 7 kms away from the
existing Outer Ring Road (ORR). The PRR will be built some three kms
away from the Mysore Airport and proposed film city and convention
centre so that the area is developed to take the load.
Peripheral Ring Road (PRR) will cut the need for vertical
growth of the Mysore even as it readies the city to double its population in
two decades. The PRR will be developed using the road network that
exists now and connecting the missing links The number of trains between
Mysore-Bangalore has increased in the recent past and the ongoing track
doubling project will further increase the passengers & freight traffic
There are violations like the floor area ration (FAR) and change of land
use. The Master Plan 2031 will put an end to it. The body will be strict in
implementing it like how they do at Chandigarh.
The road network which is existing is adequate to fulfil the
demands upto 2021 after which introduction of monorail or Metrorail will
come into existence. MUDA has identified tanks in the conurbation area,
which will come under stress given rapid urbanization. A separate set of
regulations are framed to protect them.
Inferences:
There are certain drawbacks like there is no bottom
up approach by which they do not cater the exact needs of the
city. The proposed land-use pattern for the Mysore-Nanjangud
Local Planning Area 2031 indicates that 32 per cent of it is for
residential purpose only (15% in 2011 ) , while parks,
playgrounds and open spaces constitute less than 5 per cent.
A fresh look into the Floor Area Ratio (FAR)
described in the plan, as it has a direct impact on the density in
an area and the future of the city. It varies from 1.5 to 3 FSI .
The Mysore Master Plan 2031 - prepared for the Mysore Urban
Development Authority (MUDA) has increased the FAR for the
CBD. However, it has retained the existing FAR, which varies
from 1.25 to 1.5, for residential areas.
If the plan’s stated objective was to reduce congestion
in the city centre, then the FAR should have been frozen in these
areas. The policy should be to discourage high-rise buildings
and commercial complexes in the CBD by keeping the FAR
low, while increasing it in residential areas.
The fallout of this will be more shopping malls in
busy areas, which will add to vehicular congestion. In commer-
cial areas and industrial area, land coverage increases with
decrease in road width, while it should be the opposite (This
shortcoming has been revised in 2016 and now it has changed ).
Stakeholders have pointed out that if the FAR was further
relaxed to add floor space, it would have a negative effect on the
city centre, which is already quite congested.
A solution to decongesting the CBD is to spread out
the commercial areas instead of concentrating them in one
place. Stakeholders urge for freezing sanctions for new
structures or floor space in this area, and push for commercial
development on the outskirts and residential areas. If this
happens, it would reduce traffic congestion in the city centre
and hence result in less footfall in and around the market area.
Decongestion of the CBD gains significance in view of
Mysore’s growing vehicular density and the lack of space for
road-widening and pedestrian walkways.
Conclusion:
Overall the master plan of mysore can boast about its
comprehensive way of planning every sectors , by which every
other city can take this master plan as a lead example
Praveen Kumar.P
2017803011
11

15. Review of Bangalore
Master Plan, 2031.
Introduction:
Bangalore is experiencing a steady increase in population
(3.25% current annual growth rate). Its population is likely to be 10
million by 2021. The IT based formal sector accounts for 15% of its
economy; the informal sector contributes 60-70%.
The Draft Master Plan - 2015, prepared under the KTCP Act, covers a
Local Planning Area of 1206 sq. kms and consists of 387 villages, 7 City
Municipal Councils (CMC) and 1 Town Municipal Council (TMC).It
serves as the foundation for developing strategic plans and local area
plans, and finally, designing neighbourhoods.
1. The Local Planning Area (LPA) of Bangalore Development Authority
(BDA) for RMP2031 spreads over an area of about 1206.97 Sq.km with
an estimated population ranging between 18-20 million for 2031.
2. BBMP has consistently experienced high growth rates though there are
variations between the decades. The growth rate in villages in BMA has
doubled during 2001 to 2011. Due to larger influence of BBMP in the
BMA.
Methodology:
1) Existing scenario assesment
2) Basemap and existing landuse
3) Surveys and studies
4) Demography,Economy, Environment -data analysis
5) Housing and Real estate assesment and additional land requirement for
2031.
Proposals for
6) Traffic and transportation.
7) Physical and social infrastructure.
8) Disaster and Hazard management,
9) Heritage conservation and Protection.
10) Urban design.
11) Master plan projects and phasing.
12) Implementation and financial Framework.
Data Collected:
1. Mapping of Public Transport Infrastructure ( Namma Metro, BMTC,
and KSRTC ) and Logistics facilities like Truck Terminals, ICD.
2. Revenue maps procured from Department of Survey Settlement and
Land Records,
3. Detailed inventory of slums within BMA.
4. Mapping of spread of health and education facilities within BMA.
5. Mapping of Forest Areas, Eco-Sensitive Areas and Protection Areas
Surveys Conducted:
Existing Land Use Survey, DGPS Surveys for Prepara-
tion of Base Map, Traffic and transportation Surveys, Comprehen-
sive Social economic Survey, Heritage Survey, Urban Transport
Model Risk & Vulnerability Assessment, Market Tracking (Resi-
dential, Commercial, and Industrial Developments) and Land
Market Values Study.
1. The literacy rate in BMA has increased from 77.5% to 88.3%
during the period 19912011. The literacy rate in 2011 is higher
than Karnataka Urban (85.7%).
2. The component method has projected population for higher
end, which is almost (24.7 million) 2.5times the 2011 population
for BMA. It is appropriate to consider projections by Cubic
method at 20.3 million for BMA by 2031.
3. Transportation proposals aimed at increasing public transport
share to 60-70% and development of Non-Motorised Transport.
This would help in reducing air pollution and noise pollution.
4. Three Planning Zones — A, B and C — have been introduced.
Commercialisation will be discouraged within Zone A which will
encompass areas within the ORR. Zone B will be outside the ORR
while Zone C will extend further where agriculture land will be
preserved with improved economic returns for farmers.
5. Improving Green cover, Protection and Conservation of Lakes
& water bodies, Air & Noise Pollution. A provision of 10 per cent
mandatory green has been proposed for every 2,000 sq.km. Classi-
fication of primary, secondary and tertiary drains has been done in
line with the orders of the National Green Tribunal.
6. The administrators have opened up 80 sq.kms of peripheral land
in the city for conurbation across five corridors: Hosur road,
Mysore road, Bellary road, Old Madras road and Sarjapur road.
This is far less compared to the Masterplan of 2015 which had
opened up 277 sq.kms for planning. However, the agriculture zone
has also been increased -- from 300 sq. km to 322 sq. km.
7. The work force participation rate has increased from 34.27% in
1991 to 44.14% in 2011. This increase in the workforce can be
attributed to the growth in employment opportunities and thus
immigration and also increase in the women workforce.
Issues & Concerns :
Like any growing city, Bangalore
has its share of concerns that need immediate
attention. Provision of housing, civic amenities
and alternate modes of transportation, protec-
tion of natural areas and supply of adequate
infrastructure facilities are some of the
concerns.
Praveen Raj
2017803012

16. Strategic planning with a focus on urban management,
and a clear definition and coordination of institutional roles is
essential.
Proposals-
Housing:
1. The existing housing gap in 2015 is estimated at about
1,29,998 houses.The total housing demand has been estimated at
about 57.00 lakh for the year 2031.
2. The provision related to permissibility of maximum allowable
FAR as base FAR free of cost shall also be applicable for slum
redevelopment/ affordable housing schemes on PPP basis taken
up as part of any government scheme/ program if atleast 60% of
the total built-up area is proposed for EWS/ affordable housing.
some of the concerns.
Commercial:
1. No commercialisation on roads less than 41 feet, boost for
heritage are some takeaways.
2. It is assumed that about 5-10% of the residential land will be
used for Industrial and Commercial activities of higher order as
per the provisions of Integrated Development Plans, Integrated
3. Townships and permissible uses in residential areas as per
space standards and road widths in the Zoning Regulations.
4. The strategy to bring down FAR to less than what is already
consumed in the core city will discourage redevelopment. An
undesirable doughnut effect is being encouraged where the city
centre will empty out (29 wards already have declining population
growth rates) and the peripheries will become more dense.
Transportation:
1. Transit-oriented development has been highly recommended
by several national and international policies to enable walkable,
dense, sustainable communities at 500 m to 800 m around mass
transit stations.
2. This has been rejected in Zone A (areas within the Outer Ring
Road) of the city which contains more than 50% of the current
expensive metro rail network, largely citing traffic congestion
challenges.
3. This chosen differential strategy scenario has no real commit-
ment to mass public transport access and will only encourage
peripheral automobile-oriented growth as
the highest development rights (floor-area ratio) are being
allotted to the city‘s peripheries
4. Focus on providing more public transport targeting to carry
70% of trips of the city from the present 50%. Seriously consider
more transport spends on provision of Metro/BRT/Monorails etc.
Push for the Commuter rail system
Social Infrastructure:
1. The educational infrastructure in the inner and outer core may
be reinforced by provision of playground spaces wherever
possible. Presently there are no gaps, and all areas are adequately
covered by schools. There is less concentration of schools outside
the outer ring road presently.
2. Government run public healthcare facilities be opened in some
of peripheral areas of the city outside the BBMP so that no area is
more than 3 Kms away from a government healthcare unit.
3. Development of playgrounds and sports centres in the city, in
the peripheral areas, which are easily accessible to the public. The
need of playgrounds in the neighbourhood is stressed upon, and
neighbourhood level parks along with playgrounds are to be
developed in all proposed residential areas.
4. Development of 4 large sports complexes across BMA.
13

17. Review of Pallakad
Master Plan,2001.
Palakkad town is the head quarters as well as the most
important commercial centre in the Palakkad District. Palakkad
Municipality was constituted in 1866, since then, the town has
grown in size and stature, largely due to its central location with
roads converging to it from all directions. History of Palakkad is
quite different from other towns of Kerala, town has a divert and
mixed culture due to the invasion and ruling of many foreign
powers. Palakkad town has an influence of Tamilian and agrarian
culture and the festivals of this area reflect this culture.
Palakkad town has a sanctioned Master plan prepared by
the Department of own Planning, Kerala in 1986 with a horizon
period up to 2001 .Now the plan needs updation and
revision.Since, Palakkad town is faces problems like traffic
congestion, lack of parking space, absence of a sewerage
system,proper solid waste management system etc. Hence it is
imperative to prepare a Master plan to guide and accelerate the
development of town. The Preparation, processing and sanction of
Master Plan for Palakkad Town shall be as per the Provisions of
Kerala Town and Country Planning Act 2016
The planning process involves delineation of the
planning area,collection of cadastral maps,gps surveys.Data
collected and analysed for finding current issues.Goals and objec-
tives are formulated in order to overcome the issues and Draft
master plan is prepared.
In this the previous master plan was reviewed and
shortcomes in cases of industrial improvement,Development of
truck terminal at manjakkulam,Implementation of sewerage
system to newly constructed stadium were revised.
Demographic data are used for projecting future popula-
tion using decennial growth rate of population and by adopting
Arithmetical Increase Method, Geometrical Increase Method,
Incremental Increase Method, Exponential Method and spatial
distribution of population is mapped.
Master plan directed towards the goal of developing
palakkad as a service centre for entire district,to promote IT and
small scale less polluting industries,to conserve heritage areas for
tourism promotion and to increase its literacy rate by making
palakkad as a educational hub.
Development concept of master plan involves Compact
development of the city avoiding further intensification of core
area and development of vacant lands and Urban extension at
areas which are already under developmental pressure for utiliza-
tion for various urban activities and areas along major transport
corridors and fringes of already urbanized areas.
So that future growth of town can be attracted to this area so that it will
help to decongest the core area.
Total municipality area is divided into six sectors by the
alignment of the road and each sector is planned to be self-contained ones
and facilities were to be provided to serve the population at each
sector.Community facilities and social infrastructures are the additional
provisions that are to be provided.
In order to decongest the city centre and to reduce the traffic
blocks decentralization of activities and facilities are carried out.In
addition to this commercial facilities with local/sector level markets ,go
downs ,cold storage facilities are provided in each sector along the side of
roads. Residential use is classified as high density residential and low
density residential use.High density residential is promoted along NH213
and NH47 and low density residential on current fallow land in order to
conserve cultivatable areas.
Issues regarding parking of trucks at off street parking where
solved by constructing truck terminal at manjakulam and gaps between
road links are identified and road works are proposed to be completed
and fully utilised. Other than this,public transport system were promoted
in order to reduce reduce traffic congestion
In the view of increasing the economy of palakkad,Investments
are made in IT industries and also to generate employment and
agro-based industries are constructed to process agricultural products and
industries manufacturing ancillary units related to major and medium
scale industries of Pudussery Panchayat and Coimbatore.To promote
tourism infrastructure development by providing economy class lodging
facilities including home stays and Tourism promotion involving cultural
bodies NGOs, CBOs, Educational Institutions and experts in the process
of heritage conservation.
Making urban poor integral part of the city planning, growth
and development process.Providing employment opportunities , improv-
ing accessibility to basic services, this Master plan focuses to provide
betterment living of urban poor. Rules were enacted stating that, all new
developments coming up within the town must provide sufficient storm
water drainage network as an integral part of it .The rainwater harvesting
at the community/local level or at the scheme level should also be includ-
ed for conserving water and reducing the outflow of storm water.
Hence this Master plan of palakkad covers every nooks and corners of
the delineated area and analysis was done on each sector, shortcomes and
issues were identified and suitable policies and strategies were proposed.
The major drawback of this master plan is
that it did not focus on shortcomes of previous
master plan,which has a wide gap between proposed
and existing condition.
G.Subathra
2017803014

18. Review of Naya Raipur
Development Plan, 2031.
Palakkad town is the head quarters as well as the most impor-
taThe New state of Chhattisgarh was born on 1st of November 2000,
Raipur, the largest city of the state was named its capital. Raipur has for
many decades been a vibrant market place in central India. The new
city which has been named Naya Raipur‘ would at once serve as the
administrative capital of the State and also cater to the infrastructural
needs of industry and trade in the region. Many surveys and studies
were undertaken before deciding on the precise location of the city.
Planners have taken into account the existence of a number of human
habitations, water bodies and wooded areas in the proposed location
and woven those features in to the physical plan of the city.The devel-
opment plan covers a total area of 237.42 sq.kms, out of which the core
area Naya Raipur alone would be spread over 95.22 sq.kms. Develop-
ment would be undertaken in phases and the target population for the
city in 2031 is 5.6 lacs.
The methodology Adopted in Plan-Making is that While
venturing to prepare the Development Plan for Naya Raipur, basic
studies were made in the form of a secondary survey of data on Chandi-
garh and Raipur, the elder sister and the most important "organic"
metropolis in the region. Primary studies related to existing village
population, site conditions, those related to water source/ water table
etc were carried out. On the selected site, a thorough analysis was made
of the given assets and constraints. From this, emerged a four-focus
city structure, cruciform in shape. The foci are major work-centres,
namely then capital complex in the east, the freight complex/light
industries in the north, the software hub in the west and the institution-
al/tourist hub in the south. The activity corridors emerging from the
four foci intersect at the CBD/cultural complex/city park at the
geographical centre of the city. The high standards of physical and
social infrastructure adopted for the city will be able to cope with the
maximum capacity of the city.
The present Development Plan, is essentially a physical plan,
depicting policy choices in all physical aspects of city, i.e uses of land,
housing, work activities, leisure, transportation and communication,
physical and social infrastructure etc. A rudimentary feasibility check
has been done to understand the necessary fund sources and flow, how
and from where the city will start and grow there from, the sources of
revenue etc
The Urban Design of Naya Raipur is a blend of the traditional
with the futuristic, lending elegance to its major physical features
and providing a soothing ambience to its inhabitants. Fast and conve-
nient connectivity to Raipur and other large cities of Chhattisgarh
would receive utmost attention while finalizing the transportation plan
of the new city.
Building an access controlled expressway from National
Highway No. 6 and a short railway line to the new city from the Raipur
– Titlagarh – Vizagapatnam railway line and integrating the two with
an intracity Bus Rapid Transport System (BRT) would form the core of
a mass transportation plan for Naya Raipur. Dedicated bus lanes,
cycling tracks and safe pedestrian walkways would complement the
BRT and help the development of an junctions would be designed to be
friendly for children and persons with physical disabilities.
Planning for housing of the citizens is another major
challenge but here, they emphasized appropriate land allocation
policies to ensure affordable housing with acceptable quality levels for
all sections of the population. They have planned in such a way that the
existing villages in the planning area would be upgraded with modern
civic amenities to integrate them with the rest of the city. The Develop-
ment Plan has set apart large open spaces as well as areas for sports,
recreation and entertainment so that it would help people of all walks
of life to come together – may be to watch a game of cricket at a
stadium, a boat ride with the children in a lake or may be just for a brisk
walk in one of the many parks.
The city is also expected to generate new employment oppor-
tunities for the citizens. Government offices, the proposed business
district, educational institutions and entertainment complexes would
generate most of the fresh employment. The plan also provides for
Industrial Parks for Information Technology, Gems and Jewellery,
Apparels, Handicrafts and other light non-polluting industries. Naya
Raipur with its high quality infrastructure merged as a major education-
al and cultural hub . The Institutional Area is proposed to accommo-
date many national as well as state level educational and training
institutions, laboratories and research centers. Museums, libraries,
exhibition halls and theatres for live performances were also encour-
aged to enliven and enrich the city's cultural life.
The city will fill up only slowly and it would be some more
years before it acquires a critical mass of vigilant citizens with a sense
of belonging to a planned, modern and eco-friendly city. They have
planned the city that it will be modern in the use of technology, uphold
worthy traditions and core values, and conserve the prevailing man-
nature symbiotic culture as well as abundant natural & cultural assets
in the region. The citizens will be offered a wide range of living options
with equity and dignity.
M.TamilSelci
2017803015
15

19. Review of Bhadrak
Master Plan.
Bhadrak is the twelth largest district of Odisha in terms of
population and in terms of area it stands at 27th rank in state.The
Vision for Bhadrak master plan is to Unleash the industrial potential of
Bhadrak along with administrative centre and achieving development
sustainability . The total planning area of Bhadrak is 8033.67 HA or
80.34 Sq. km.
The methodology used in the Bhadrak Master Plan is as
follows: They delineated BPA into 2- planning zones then the studies
on existing land use were done. Then they identify the vacant land as
well as plot wise ownership and then they find the Potential locations
for distribution of land uses. Then they allocated the land uses and then
they formulated the Implementation to mechanism with respect legal,
administrative & financial aspects. Finally, they prepared the future
land use plan and their zone wise distribution.
In the demographic perspective, to understand the population
characteristics and socioeconomic characteristics,Household Survey
has been carried out.In the population projection for the horizon year,
the average of Arithmetic Method, Geometric Method and the Expo-
nential Method projected values is taken into consideration.
In the economic perspective, Agriculture is the main source
of income. As per the census 2011, the workers are classified into four
categories agricultural cultivators, agricultural laborers, household
industrial workers and other workers.
In the traffic and transportation sector, Different types of
Traffic and Transportation surveys has been conducted such as Traffic
volume count survey, Origin and Destination Survey,Passenger and
Goods terminal Survey, Road Inventory Survey, Parking Surveyfor
analyzing the existing capacities, issues, constraints and potentials in
Bhadrak Planning Area. For this based on the survey report following
issues are identified: they are 1) Forced traffic flow with jammed
conditions 2) Encroachment on both sides of the road and 3) Inade-
quate Parking facilities. For this what they proposed means widening
of road on both sides and providing more parking facilities on residen-
tial and commercial areas.
In the Housing sector, they identified the projected total
housing demand by conducting a primary socio-economic surveyin
Bhadrak Planning Area for the year 2030 would be 62,701.In the slum
sector, there is need for planning and improvement of infrastructure
facilities within the slums based on the primary survey conducted. For
improvement of slum Integrated Housing & Slum Development
Programme (IHSDP), Urban Slum Health Project under NRHM are
available.
While considering the physical infrastructure facilities, in the
field of water supply they intend to follow CPHEEO norms. The
absence of sewerage system, mixing of storm water and sewage, Main-
tenance of Septic Tank, Open Defecation and Degradation of natural
water bodies are the some issues identified in the field sewerage
system. To overcome this, they proposed means provision of proper
management of wastewater and construction of two sewage treatment
plantsin BPA. They also notified some other problems such as local
water logging does occur in many of the localities during the rainy
seasons, floods during heavy rains and cyclone, absence of proper
drainage system, choked drains and silting of drainage system are the
some of the issues identified in the field of drainage, they thought of
recovering it by proposing a separate storm water drainage network
apart from sewerage system.
On a look over the social infrastructure facilities, Bhadrak
lacks adequate social infrastructure facilities like community halls,
library and recreational spaces. So, they proposed setting up these
facilities on a hierarchical basis. And also there is a demand in power
supply, for this they suggest Renovation and modernization of 33/11
KV and 11 KV / 440 V sub- stations, Installation of new transformers
and capacity augmentation of existing transformers and Metering of all
connections.
In the heritage, culture and tourism sector,the issues identi-
fied are dilapidated Condition of structures, Unavailability of
Infrastructure and Services, Absence of Monitoring Haphazard Devel-
opment, Lack of Promotional Activities, Lack of Awareness among
public, Absence of Legal Plan and Documentation of Heritage Struc-
ture. For this proposals made are Promotion of Traditional Fairs and
Festivals through government and NGOs participation, Development
of a cultural centre at Bhadrak with infrastructural development and
Centre for Development of horse dance and handicrafts development
and tourism promotion. The Master Plan of Bhadrak Planning Area
will require a total public and private sector investment of approx. Rs.
1795.77 crores.
Vidhya
2017803016
15

20. Review of Patna
Master Plan, 2031.
Introduction:
Patna Master Plan 2031 was drafted by the Patna Muncipal
Corporation to the Urban Development and Housing Department
Patna(Bihar) after the Patna Regional Development Authority (PRDA)
was dissolved in 2007. The Centre for Environmental Planning and
Technology(CEPT) was associated in the Master Plan 2031 for Patna
City
Planning Process:
1) The Master Plan for Patna was developed due the poor and partial
implementation of the previous plans, the growth of the city and the urban
agglomeration in an haphazard manner. A review of the previous Master
Plans was done , then the existing condition of the city was analysed , the
demographic and socio-economic profile of the city and the existing land
uses of the Patna Municipal Corporation was taken into considerations
while preparing the Master Plan 2031 .
2) The delineation of the Patna Planning Area was based on several
factors such as the administrative boundary, natural setting, ecologically
fragile areas, transportation axis, analysis of demographic and economic
attributes , urbanization and agglomeration , economy. Three Alternate
Plans were prepared and finally the proposed delineated area of Patna
Planning Area was 1167.04sq.km comprising of Patna City and its Urban
Agglomerates (13 number of CD Blocks was chosen for the PPA). A
complete study on the regional connectivity through roadways, railways,
airways, physical features like climate, topography and geomorphology,
soiland vegetation, vulnerabilities, rivers, waterways and mineral deposits
was conducted for the Planning Area. A Demographic and Socio-eco-
nomic profile and the current rate of urbanization of the planning area was
also analysed.
Methodology:
a. Stage1 :Project Initiation
b. Stage2 :Ananlysis of Existing situation
c. Stage3 :Future projections and Concept Plan
d. Stage4 :Updated Base Map and Existing Land Use Map
Development Concept:
The vision envisages developing compact city, T.O.D, Integra-
tion of peripheral areas with the core and intermediate areas, provision of
adequate infrastructure to influence overall development in the region and
proposing Master Plan with objectives of protecting rural livelihoods and
catering to the needs of the population by providing agricultural zones .
The various Planning Theories , Concepts and Models involved in the
Master Plan are Multiple Nuclei concept, Rural Urban Continuum,
Transit Oriented Development , Urban Growth Boundary, Peri-Urban
Development, provision of Social Amenities and Environmentally
Sustainable Development.
The Planning Norms and Standards were adopted
from the Manual of Water Supply and URDPFI Guidelines
etc for the various levels of development .
Nature of Proposals:
The Planning Proposals for the future requires
certain projections and forecasting. The Population Projec-
tion of the PPA was carried out on Shift and Share Analysis
Method , regarding the Employment Projection the future
growth of the local economy serves as the basis and
workforce participation rate helps us in finding the employ-
ment projection and the probable locations of employment
centers are identified in the Master Plan and the correspond-
ing improvement to the transportation network and other
infrastructure services to the future requirements are
proposed.
The Proposed Land Use distribution and Land
Requirements is carried for the PPA after comparison with
URDPFI guidelines .The Land Use Distribution is classified
into two zones on the first hand viz, urbanisable and non-ur-
banisable , which is further classified into residential,
commercial, public/semi-public, public utility, industrial,
transportation, open space/buffer, restricted areas under the
urbanisable zone and nonurbanisable zone is classified as
water bodies(streams, canal, rivers), green cover (forest,
bio- conservation and urban agriculture).
Urban Agriculture Zones are identified around the
Contiguous Planning Core Area and Planning Growth
Nodes with Permissible FAR 0.75
Special Reservation Zones under which Heritage
Buildings and Areas , Bio-Conservation Zone , Natural
Heritage , Defense are also proposed.
Data Source:
Vignesh Kannan
2017803014
17

21. Conclusion:
The Futuristic land zoning like urban agriculture is promoted in
this plan. The Arrangement is contrasting if the plan unable to prevents
peripherial development . This Plan stimulates the direction towards the
optimal resource consumption and decomposition of the city. The Degree of
implementation will help further to comprehend the plan and to realize the
same.
17
The Tranportation and Communication Zones are earmarked in
the Land Use Plan and further the existing Road Network , Vehicular
Growth, Modal Split and Traffic Characteristics are studied and various
traffic and transport measures are included like street alignment of roads,
BRTS, Public Tranport Route, Rail Network , Air and Waterways
Networks etc.
Various proposals are also made for the physical and social
infrastructure services like water supply, storage, recycling, sewerage and
sanitation, storm water drainage, irrigation, solid waste management,
power supply, hazardous waste, education, health,post offices, banking
facilities and telecommunication facilities at the CD block level .

22. School of Architecture & Planning
Anna University, Chennai-25.