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Paris Data Ladies#6
N I N A B E R T R A N D J U S T I N E D E S H A I S A D È L E G U I L L E T M A R I N E K R O L C H A R L O T T E L E D O U X A U R É L I A N È G R E
@parisdataladies
Spark Streaming: From 101 to Production
MEETUP DATALADY PARIS - APRIL 2018
About me
Huikan XIANG
⬢ Data Engineer @ Deezer Core Data
⬢ 7 years experience on data related applications
⬢ Worked in startup environments
3
The Core-Data Team at Deezer
4
Recommendations/Search
Analytics
Royalties
CRM
Data WarehouseUsers app interactions
Serving all data related needs for the entire company
The Core-Data Team Operates on a Massive Scale
5
1900
Daily jobs
1.5
PB of historical data
2.5
TB/day
100
machines
50+
data engineers & scientists
14M
Active Users
The problem...
6
As Soon As Possible
7
I need the data to know what happened on Deezer
8
REAL
TIME
DATA
9
Adapting Recommendations in Real-Time
Mozart
10
Adapting Recommendations in Real-Time
Beethoven
11
Adapting Recommendations in Real-Time
Bethoven
Why is real-time data analysis important?
12
Recommendation & search
reactive content recommended and precise search ranking
BI & product
meteometer for product features, bug tracking
Fraud detection
fake fans detection as fast as possible
CRM
Fast emailing campaigns
Solutions:
13
DATA
Solutions:
14
Batch Processing
DATA
Solutions:
15
Batch Processing
DATA
Streaming Processing
Batch vs Streaming
16
Batch Processing Streaming Processing
Data scope All or most of the data
Most recent data managed by rolling
time window
Data size Larges batches > GB
Individual records or micro batches of
few records
Performance Latencies in minutes to hours Seconds or milliseconds
Analytics Complex analytics
Simple aggregates and rolling metrics
(Not true anymore for Spark
Streaming)
Why Spark Streaming
17
Tech Integration
Already our batch processing engine, reusable component
Multi-data sources integration
Kafka, tables, files and third-tier APIs etc.
Windowing Functions
Rich and adaptive functions
Distributed and Scalable
Data partitioned
Spark Streaming 101 exercises
18
Goal
Get your hands dirty
Official Example
NetCat and WordCount
More Fun !
Trending topic in Twitter
Demo - Twitter Trending Hashtag
19
HTTP POST
Processing Details
batch interval: 2 secs
Query Semantics
aggregate window: 10 minutes
Hardware
local 2 cores, memory 512M
Twitter Streaming
API
Spark Streaming
Application
Data Visualisation
Application
dropped
Python, Flask framework1% Tweets
Developer's trial app
Demo - Twitter Trending Hashtag
https://github.com/Huikan/datalady-demo
20
Demo - Sample Code
21
TwitterUtils
.createStream(ssc, None, filters)
val ssc = new StreamingContext (sparkConf, 2 Seconds) Process details
How often?
Source
Demo - Sample Code
22
TwitterUtils
.createStream(ssc, None, filters)
.flatMap{status =>
status.getText.trim.split(" ").filter(txt
=>
txt.startsWith("#"))
.map((_, 1))
.reduceByKeyAndWindow(_ + _, Minutes(10))
.map{case (topic, count) => (count, topic)}
.transform(_.sortByKey(false))
val ssc = new StreamingContext (sparkConf, 2 Seconds) Process details
How often?
Source
Query semantics
How to group?
same as batch
Demo - Sample Code
23
TwitterUtils
.createStream(ssc, None, filters)
.flatMap{status =>
status.getText.trim.split(" ").filter(txt
=>
txt.startsWith("#"))
.map((_, 1))
.reduceByKeyAndWindow(_ + _, Seconds(10))
.map{case (topic, count) => (count, topic)}
.transform(_.sortByKey(false))
.foreachRDD( rdd => {/** HTTP POST rdd top 10 */})
val ssc = new StreamingContext (sparkConf, 5 Seconds) Process details
How often?
Source
Query semantics
How to group?
same as batch
Sink/Receiver
Inspiring for production?
24
HTTP POST
Twitter Streaming
API
Spark Streaming
Application
Data Visualisation
Application
Production components
25
Rate Control
Memory Tuning
Failover
Kafka Spark Cluster
Durable Storage
Monitoring
Schema Registry
Deezer listen stream in real-time
26
Computing
dynamic alloc 3 executors, 2 cores, 4GB RAM each executor
Input rate
peak to 4K records/s, 6MB/s
Latency
queryable in less than 1 minute
Next steps
More applications
20% of our pipelines in streaming fashion
Sync with spark streaming release
State, structured API
Build an universal message driven system
27
We recruit data ladies (and data boys)
deezerjobs.com
28
Huikan Xiang
Data Engineer
hxiang@deezer.com
linkedin.com/in/huikanxiang
Thank you
DIFFUSION LIMITÉE –
MODÉLISATION DE RETARDS
POUR L’EXPLOITATION DES
GRANDES GARES
Marie de Faverges
CEDRIC – CNAM
DPF – SNCF Réseau
Marie.milliet-de-faverges@reseau.sncf.fr
–
ROUTAGE DES TRAINS EN GARE
C’EST QUOI UN GOV ?
–
ROUTAGE DES TRAINS EN GARE
INFRASTRUCTURE COMPLEXE
–
ROUTAGE DES TRAINS EN GARE
INFRASTRUCTURE COMPLEXE
–
ROUTAGE DES TRAINS EN GARE
DES GOV FAITS ET VÉRIFIÉS À LA MAIN
–
RÉSOLUTION
Programmation linéaire en nombres entiers
+Données :
• Liste de trains qui arrivent ou partent de la gare
• Liste d’itinéraires traversant la gare
+Variables booléennes affectant un train à un itinéraire
+Contraintes d’infrastructure, contraintes commerciales, etc
Complexité
+En théorie : problème NP-complet
+En pratique : exple de Montparnasse :
• 800 arrivées et départs par jour
• 28 voies en gare
• 1000 itinéraires d’arrivée et 1000 itinéraires de départ
–
ROBUSTESSE
Mais les trains n’arrivent pas toujours à
l’heure !
+Le planning n’est plus valable
+Les retards se propagent et s’amplifient à
travers le réseau
!"
temps
A
!#
Comment rendre les GOV plus robustes
?
+Détecter les scenarios les moins
robustes
+Les pénaliser en objectif
+La solution finale tendra à absorber une
partie des retards
+MAIS paramétrage très complexe et
arbitraire
–
LES RETARDS
But
+Modéliser les retards de trains quelques jours
en avance
+Utiliser ces résultats pour paramétrer l’outil
Mais…
+Des retards plus exceptionnels qu’on ne le
pense
+Des causes trop variées et rares pour prédire
précisément
But de l’étude
+Estimer le risque de retard en prédisant sa loi
+Cibler uniquement les petits retards
(inférieurs à 20 minutes)
–
MÉTHODOLOGIE
38
Données
Brutes
• Historique des retards
• Grands travaux
• Météo
• Vacances
Création du
data set
•Encodage des données
•Troncature des retards
•Sélection des variables
Modélisation
•Modèles linéaires
généralisés
•Validation
Prédiction de
probabilités
de retards
–
MODÈLES LINÉAIRES GÉNÉRALISÉS
Trois composantes dans le modèle :
+La composante aléatoire : ! = ($%, … , $() suivant une loi de la famille exponentielle
+Un prédicteur linéaire : *+ = ∑-+.+
+Une fonction de lien / entre la composante aléatoire et le prédicteur linéaire : *+ =
/ 0+
Soit :
1 ~345678+91 :
; < =>?
Les paramètres ? sont estimés par maximum de vraisemblance
Exemple
+Loi négative binomiale tronquée au-delà de 20 minutes
+Deux paramètres 0 et @
! ~ABC <, D
EF/ < = >G?G
EF/ D = >H?H
–
PREDICTIONS
R = 2 – Arrivée à 12h45 de La Rochelle un jeudi de vacances
R = 16 – Arrivée à 20h de la Rochelle un mercredi de vacances
R = 0 – Arrivée à 20h45 de Nantes un mercredi hors vacances
–
PROBLÈME DE VALIDATION
Difficulté
+Défaut d’homogénéité entre les prédictions et les observations
+Pas de méthode de validation adaptée au cas continu
Validation des modèles binaires
+Calibration : correspondance entre les probabilités prédites et les taux observés
+Discrimination : capacité à différencier les succès des échecs en se basant sur les
probabilités prédites
ON VA ADAPTER LES VALIDATIONS
BINAIRES À NOTRE MODÈLE CONTINU EN
TESTANT LA CDF EN PLUSIEURS POINTS
–
VALIDATION PAR CALIBRATION
Calibration plot :
+Pour un entier t on calcule pour chaque train ℙ(# ≥ % |') probabilité d’avoir un retard
supérieur à t
+On trie les trains par probabilités croissantes
+On crée g groupes de tailles égales
+On compare pour chaque groupe la probabilité prédite et la fréquence observée
APPROCHE GRAPHIQUE
–
VALIDATION PAR CALIBRATION
Test Hosmer-Lemeshow :
+Pour un entier t on calcule pour chaque train ℙ(# ≥ % |') probabilité d’avoir un retard
supérieur à t
+On trie les trains par probabilités croissantes
+On crée g groupes de tailles égales
+Statistique de Hosmer-Lemeshow :
) = +
,-.
/
0., − 2.,
3
2.,
+
05, − 25,
3
25,
+Si le modèle est le bon H suit une loi du chi-deux à g-2 degrés de liberté
+On veut que la p-valeur soit non significative pour ne pas pouvoir rejeter l’hypothèse
nulle
APPROCHE STATISTIQUE
–
VALIDATION PAR CALIBRATION
! = #
$%&
'
(&$ − *&$
+
*&$
+
(-$ − *-$
+
*-$
! = 6,17
2 = 0,63
Groupe (- *- (& *&
[0.03,0.29] 420 437 155 138
[0.29,0.34] 384 394 191 181
[0.34,0.38] 374 368 200 206
[0.38,0.42] 349 345 226 230
[0.42,0.46] 337 324 238 251
[0.46,0.50] 298 300 276 274
[0.50,0.54] 282 276 293 299
[0.54,0.59] 249 251 325 324
[0.59,0.65] 231 221 344 354
[0.65,0.86] 173 170 402 405
Régression logistique ponctuel/retard
Test set de 5700 trains, g = 10
–
VALIDATION PAR DISCRIMINATION
Sensitivité et spécificité
!"#!$%$&$%' =
)*
)*+,-
!."/$0$/$%' =
)-
)-+,*
La courbe roc représente la !"#!$%$&$%' et 1 − !."/$0$/$%' pour tout cutpoint % ∈ 0,1
Aire sous la courbe ROC
Pour un couple 67, 68 avec 67 = 1 et 68 = 0 de
probabilités de succès prédites 97 et 98 alors :
:;< = ℙ 97 > 98
–
RÉSULTATS
GLM avec une loi négative binomiale entraîné sur 17 000 arrivées de TGV à
Montparnasse
Le modèle est évalué sur un set de 6 000 retards
–
CONCLUSION
Objectif de la thèse
+Estimer le risque de retard de trains quelques jours en avance
+Utiliser ces résultats pour paramétrer un outil de routage des trains en gare
+But à terme : limiter la propagation des retards en gare
Approche
+Modèles linéaires généralisés pour prédire les lois de probabilité de retard
+Validation par calibration et discrimination
+Résultats : bonne calibration et discrimination stable
MERCI DE VOTRE ATTENTION !
DES QUESTIONS ?
your.name@uwa.edu.auName et al., 201X
Visualizating the deep Australian continent
with advanced geophysical signal processing
Ph.D. Candidate
Sophie Monnier
Supervisors
Prof. David Lumley, A/Prof. Jeffrey Shragge, Dr. Rie Kamei
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
Outline
• Geophysics is cool!!
• Seismic Data and Model Inputs
• Seismic inversion method: Full Waveform Inversion
• Results and Impacts
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
Geophysics: a tool to probe the Earth’s Interior
Crust
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core
~ 6400 km
We live on the surface of planet
Earth, but we cannot penetrate
its depths…
Earth’s deepest drilling:
• Kola superdeep borehole
• 12 km (0.1% Earth’s radius)
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
Geophysics: a tool to probe the Earth’s Interior
Crust
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core
We live on the surface of planet
Earth, but we cannot penetrate
its depths…
We cannot physically
penetrate the Earth!!!
~ 6400 km
Earth’s deepest drilling:
• Kola superdeep borehole
• 12 km (0.1% Earth’s radius)
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
So how do we know what we know?
The study of seismic waves gives us a picture of the interior of the earth
1. A seismic source propagates in the
earth…
2. …is recorded at seismic stations
3. …Gathering information shows
seismic discontinuities in the Earth
Earthquake seismology: deep earth scale (100 – 6000 km)
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
Exploration seismology: shallow earth scale (0.05 – 6 km)
Seismology not only is cool but useful!
2D seismic image of buried geological layersFoetal ecography
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
"
"
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
114°0'0"E
114°0'0"E
112°0'0"E
112°0'0"E
110°0'0"E
110°0'0"E
20°0'0"S 20°0'0"S
22°0'0"S 22°0'0"S
Ü
0 100 km
-100-3000-6000
Seafloor elevation (m)
Bart 2D
line
Gascoyne
abyssal plain
Exm
outhPlateau
110 E 112 E 114 E
20 S
22 S
Cuvier abyssal
plain
New developments in Australian OBS technology
New Australian OBS fleet:
• 18 State-of-the-art seismic sensors
• Inaugural survey
• Acquisition year: 2014 – 2015
• Investigate deep WA structure
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
PhD Research Objectives
receivers
(OBS)
ØObtain a high-resolution image of Australia’s deep
continental structure offshore Western Australia
ØInvestigate the performance of state-of-the-art seismic
inversion methods on an innovative dataset
ØHybrid project: crustal-scale seismology (5–30 km)
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
Outline
• Geophysics is cool!!
• Seismic Data and Model Inputs
• Seismic inversion method: Full Waveform Inversion
• Results and Impacts
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
!"
!#
!$
!%
Moho
Crust
Mantle
Source
Receivers (OBS)
Controlled-source acquisition of seismic data
Crust
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core
~ 12 800 km
Ø Crustal-scale seismology: [10"
,10#
] km
~ 30km
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
!"
!#
!$
!%
Crust
Mantle
Receivers (OBS)
Controlled-source acquisition of seismic data
Ø Crustal-scale seismology: [10#
,10"
] km
()*) = ,(!", !#, !$, !%)Source
Moho
Crust
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core
~ 12 800 km
~ 20km
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
Modelling and inversion of seismic data
!"#" = %('(, '*, '+, ',)
Forward modelling
Inversion
• Seismic modelling
“Mathematically simulate the propagation of seismic waves from a
geological model of the subsurface” (Stekl et al., 1998)
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
!"#" = %('(, '*, '+, ',)
Forward modelling
Inversion
• Seismic inversion
'(
'*
'+
',
“Estimate a 2D or 3D Velocity model of the Earth”
(Lailly, 1983)
Modelling and inversion of seismic data
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
!
"
#
!
"
$
What does seismic data look like?
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
What does a velocity model look like?
Critical acquisition parameters:
Ø Source Frequency content
Ø Source-Receiver distance (offset)
Ø Source/Receiver sampling
Ø Choice of Objective Function
!
2
=
$
2%
(Kamei et al. 2013)
Full Waveform Inversion (FWI)
Depth(km)
Distance (km)
km/s
FWI Resolution:
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
Outline
• Geophysics is cool!!
• Seismic Data and Model Inputs
• Seismic inversion method: Full Waveform Inversion
• Results and Impacts
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
Full Waveform inversion: a local optimization
approach
Starting Model !"
≤ $ ?
No:
Update model
!&'( = !& + +!
Synthetic DataPreprocessed Field Data
Data Misfit
Yes:
Convergence
Raw Field Data
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
Full Waveform Inversion Pipeline
1. Build initial
velocity model
2. Prepare and
model data
3. Inversion
parameter tuning
4. Interpret results
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
AuSREM, crustal component
(Salmon et al., 2013)
AusMoho
(Kennett et al., 2011)
1D velocity profiles
(Goncharov et al., 2016)
Maurice Ewing cruise
(Geoscience Australia, 2001)
Synthetic Model
"
"
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
114°0'0"E
114°0'0"E
112°0'0"E
112°0'0"E
110°0'0"E
110°0'0"E
20°0'0"S 20°0'0"S
22°0'0"S 22°0'0"S
Ü
0 100 km
Bart 2D
line
Velocity Model Building
1. Build initial
velocity model
2. Prepare and
Model Data
3. Inversion
parameter tuning
4. Interpret
results
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
AuSREM Crustal model below Bart 2D line
Distance from first shot point
(km)
Distance from first shot point (km)
Depth(km)
Bart 2D line
Ewing (2001)
Moho contour from Maurice
Ewing velocity model
Moho depth from AusMoho
model
Moho depth estimated from
Goncharov et al. 2016
Velocity Model Building
1. Build initial
velocity model
3. Inversion
parameter tuning
4. Interpret
results
2. Prepare and
Model Data
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
Field Data
"
"
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
114°0'0"E
114°0'0"E
112°0'0"E
112°0'0"E
110°0'0"E
110°0'0"E
20°0'0"S 20°0'0"S
22°0'0"S 22°0'0"S
Ü
0 100 km
?
Bart 2 Field Receiver Gather, near-offset traces muted & AGC applied (window length: 30 s)
Bart 2
Ø Processed field data
1. Build initial
velocity model
3. Inversion
parameter tuning
4. Interpret
results
2. Prepare and
Model Data
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
Bart 2 Synthetic Receiver Gather, with AGC applied (window length: 30s)
Ø Bart 2 Synthetic
"
"
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
114°0'0"E
114°0'0"E
112°0'0"E
112°0'0"E
110°0'0"E
110°0'0"E
20°0'0"S 20°0'0"S
22°0'0"S 22°0'0"S
Ü
0 100 km
Bart 2
2D Synthetic Modelling
1. Build initial
velocity model
3. Inversion
parameter tuning
4. Interpret
results
2. Prepare and
Model Data
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
Ø Frequency and Offset for Subsurface Illumination
Inversion Parameter Tuning
Low frequency High frequency
1. Build initial
velocity model
3. Inversion
parameter tuning
4. Interpret
results
2. Prepare and
Model Data
S
R
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
1. Build initial
velocity model
3. Inversion
parameter tuning
4. Interpret
results
2. Prepare and
Model Data
Ø Offset and Source-Receiver Sampling for Resolution
1 km 22 km
Sampling Illumination
Inversion Parameter Tuning
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
1. Build initial
velocity model
3. Inversion
parameter tuning
4. Interpret
results
2. Prepare and
Model Data
Ø Offset and Source-Receiver Sampling for Resolution
1 km
6 km
18 km
22 km
18 km
9 km
Sampling Illumination
Inversion Parameter Tuning
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
1 km
6 km
18 km
1. Build initial
velocity model
3. Inversion
parameter tuning
4. Interpret
results
2. Prepare and
Model Data
22 km
18 km
9 km
Sampling Illumination
Inversion Parameter Tuning
Ø Offset and Source-Receiver Sampling for Resolution
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
Outline
• Geophysics is cool!!
• Seismic Data and Model Inputs
• Seismic inversion method: Full Waveform Inversion
• Results and Impacts
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
Starting Model
Distance from first shot point
(km)
Distance from first shot point (km)
Depth(km)
Bart 2D line
Ewing (2001)
Moho contour from Maurice
Ewing velocity model
Moho depth from AusMoho
model
Moho depth estimated from
Goncharov et al. 2016
Initial Model
1. Build initial
velocity model
3. Inversion
parameter tuning
4. Interpret
results
2. Prepare and
Model Data
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
Final Model
1. Build initial
velocity model
3. Inversion
parameter tuning
4. Interpret
results
2. Prepare and
Model Data
Bart 2D line
Ewing (2001)
Moho contour from Maurice
Ewing velocity model
Moho depth from AusMoho
model
Moho depth estimated from
Goncharov et al. 2016
Distance from first shot point
(km)
Final Model
Depth(km)
Distance from first shot point (km)
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
1. Build initial
velocity model
3. Inversion
parameter tuning
4. Interpret
results
2. Prepare and
Model Data
Seismic Inversion Results
Before After
• Crustal visibility: < 10 km
• Moho not imaged
• Tomographic resolution: 5-10 km
• Crustal visibility: down to 25 km
• Moho imaged at 20-25 km
• FWI resolution: 1-2 km
• Sensitivity analysis:
• Subsurface Illumination
• Resolution
• Acquisition Design
• Sensitivity analysis used for second
OBS deployment over Lord Howe
Rise Plateau
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
1. Build initial
velocity model
3. Inversion
parameter tuning
4. Interpret
results
2. Prepare and
Model Data
Seismic Inversion Results
Before After
• Crustal visibility: < 10 km
• Moho not imaged
• Tomographic resolution: 5-10 km
• Crustal visibility: down to 25 km
• Moho imaged at 20-25 km
• FWI resolution: 1-2 km
• Sensitivity analysis:
• Subsurface Illumination
• Resolution
• Acquisition Design
• Sensitivity analysis used for second
OBS deployment over Lord Howe
Rise Plateau
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
Conclusion
Ø The deep structure of the WA continent was imaged in high
resolution thanks to high-quality seismic data, advanced geophysical
processing and state-of-the-art seismic inversion methods
Ø My analysis enabled better planning of seismic acquisition surveys
offshore Australia
Ø Geophysical Data Analysis and Machine Learning are meeting
halfway!
o Automatized geological interpretation
o CNNs for induced seismicity prediction
o Automatic detection of ore minerals
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
Conclusion
Ø The deep structure of the WA continent was imaged in high
resolution thanks to high-quality seismic data, advanced geophysical
processing and state-of-the-art seismic inversion methods
Ø My analysis enabled better planning of seismic acquisition surveys
offshore Australia
Ø Geophysical Data Analysis and Machine Learning are meeting
halfway!
o Automatized geological interpretation
o CNNs for induced seismicity prediction
o Automatic detection of ore minerals
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
Conclusion
Ø The deep structure of the WA continent was imaged in high
resolution thanks to high-quality seismic data, advanced geophysical
processing and state-of-the-art seismic inversion methods
Ø My analysis enabled better planning of seismic acquisition surveys
offshore Australia
Ø Geophysical Data Analysis and Machine Learning are meeting
halfway!
o Automatized geological interpretation
o CNNs for induced seismicity prediction
o Automatic detection of ore minerals
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
Conclusion
Ø The deep structure of the WA continent was imaged in high
resolution thanks to high-quality seismic data, advanced geophysical
processing and state-of-the-art seismic inversion methods
Ø My analysis enabled better planning of seismic acquisition surveys
offshore Australia
Ø Geophysical Data Analysis and Machine Learning are meeting
halfway!
o Automatized geological interpretation
o CNNs for induced seismicity prediction
o Automatic detection of ore minerals
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
Conclusion
Ø The deep structure of the WA continent was imaged in high
resolution thanks to high-quality seismic data, advanced geophysical
processing and state-of-the-art seismic inversion methods
Ø My analysis enabled better planning of seismic acquisition surveys
offshore Australia
Ø Geophysical Data Analysis and Machine Learning are meeting
halfway!
o Automatized geological interpretation
o CNNs for induced seismicity prediction
o Automatic detection of ore minerals
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
References
• Alcock, M. B., Stagg, H. M. J., Colwell, J. B., Borissova, I., Symonds, P. A. and Bernardel, G., 2006. “Seismic
Transects of Australia’s Frontier Continental Margins”, Geoscience Australia Record
• Goncharov, A., Cooper, A. Chia,P. and O’Neil, P., 2016. “A New Dawn for Australian Ocean-Bottom Seismography.”
The Leading Edge 35 (1): 99–104.
• Kamei, R., Pratt, R. G. and Tsuji, T., 2013. “On Acoustic Waveform Tomography of Wide-Angle OBS Data--
Strategies for Pre-Conditioning and Inversion.” Geophysical Journal International 194 (2): 1250–80.
• Kennett, B.L.N., Salmon, M., Saygin, E. & AusMoho Working Group,2011. “AusMoho: the variation of Moho depth
in Australia.” Geophysical Journal International 187: 946-958.
• Lailly, P. 1983. “The Seismic Inverse Problem as a Sequence of Before Stack Migrations.” In Conference on Inverse
Scattering, Theory and Applications, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 206–20.
• Salmon, M., B. L. N. Kennett, and E. Saygin. 2012. “Australian Seismological Reference Model (AuSREM): Crustal
Component.” Geophysical Journal International 192 (1): 190–206.
• Stagg, H.M.J., Alcock, M.B., Bernardel, G., Moore, A.M.G., Symonds, P.A. & Exon, N.F., 2004. “Geological
framework of the outer Exmouth Plateau and adjacent ocean basins.” Geoscience Australia Record
• Štekl, I., and Pratt, R. G., 1998. “Accurate visco-elastic modelling by frequency-domain finiti differences using
rotated operators”, Geophysics, 63, 796-809
• Tortopoglu, B., 2015. “The Structural Evolution of the Northern Carnarvon Basin, Northwest Australia”, PhD
Thesis
• Zelt, C. A., Smith, R. B., 1992. “Seismic Traveltime Inversion for 2-D Crustal Velocity Structure.” Geophysical
Journal International 108 (1): 16–34.
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
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Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
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Questions?
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
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Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
1. Build initial
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Model Data
Inversion Parameter Tuning
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Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
1. Build initial
velocity model
3. Inversion
parameter tuning
4. Interpret
results
2. Prepare and
Model Data
Inversion Parameter Tuning
Ø Receiver Sampling and Objective Function for Imaging
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
1. Build initial
velocity model
3. Inversion
parameter tuning
4. Interpret
results
2. Prepare and
Model Data
Inversion Parameter Tuning
Ø Receiver Sampling and Objective Function for Imaging
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
1. Build initial
velocity model
3. Inversion
parameter tuning
4. Interpret
results
2. Prepare and
Model Data
Inversion Parameter Tuning
Ø Receiver Sampling and Objective Function for Imaging
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
1. Build initial
velocity model
3. Inversion
parameter tuning
4. Interpret
results
2. Prepare and
Model Data
Inversion Parameter Tuning
Ø Receiver Sampling and Objective Function for Resolution
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
1. Build initial
velocity model
3. Inversion
parameter tuning
4. Interpret
results
2. Prepare and
Model Data
Inversion Parameter Tuning
Ø Receiver Sampling and Objective Function for Resolution
Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
1. Build initial
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3. Inversion
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L’association créée en 1987
Objectif principal favoriser la présence des femmes en
mathématiques.
Actions
• Journées « filles et maths : une équation lumineuse »,
• Forum des jeunes mathématiciennes,
• Interventions dans les classes,
• Statistiques, ….
Elle est également un lieu de rencontre et de promotion de la
contribution des femmes à la recherche et à l’enseignement des
mathématiques. femmes et mathématiques
femmes et mathématiques
Depuis 2009, en partenariat avec Animath,
Journées organisées autour de 4 temps forts:
• Promenade mathématique ,
• Atelier sur les stéréotypes liés aux maths
et découverte des métiers des maths,
• Speed-meeting,
• Pièce de théâtre-forum Dérivée
Les 2 associations ont déjà organisé 76 journées
En 2017:
Ø 10 villes
Ø 15 journées
Ø 1250 lycéennes
Ø 420 collégiennes
En 2018, nous visons:
Ø 15 villes
Ø 20 journées
Ø 1700 lycéennes
Ø 550 collégiennes
femmes et mathématiques
Nous avons besoin de vous !
Vous pouvez nous aider.
1) en nous faisant un don
2) en participant à des speed-meetings*
3) via du bénévolat de compétences
4) en organisant une journée dans vos locaux….
Vous pouvez nous joindre à fetm@ihp.fr
Prochaines dates: 18 mai à Pau, 25 mai au Salon de la culture et des jeux
mathématiques Place Saint Sulpice, 30 mai au Lycée la Mare Carré à Moissy-
Cramayel

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Paris data ladies #6

  • 1. Paris Data Ladies#6 N I N A B E R T R A N D J U S T I N E D E S H A I S A D È L E G U I L L E T M A R I N E K R O L C H A R L O T T E L E D O U X A U R É L I A N È G R E @parisdataladies
  • 2. Spark Streaming: From 101 to Production MEETUP DATALADY PARIS - APRIL 2018
  • 3. About me Huikan XIANG ⬢ Data Engineer @ Deezer Core Data ⬢ 7 years experience on data related applications ⬢ Worked in startup environments 3
  • 4. The Core-Data Team at Deezer 4 Recommendations/Search Analytics Royalties CRM Data WarehouseUsers app interactions Serving all data related needs for the entire company
  • 5. The Core-Data Team Operates on a Massive Scale 5 1900 Daily jobs 1.5 PB of historical data 2.5 TB/day 100 machines 50+ data engineers & scientists 14M Active Users
  • 7. As Soon As Possible 7 I need the data to know what happened on Deezer
  • 9. 9 Adapting Recommendations in Real-Time Mozart
  • 10. 10 Adapting Recommendations in Real-Time Beethoven
  • 11. 11 Adapting Recommendations in Real-Time Bethoven
  • 12. Why is real-time data analysis important? 12 Recommendation & search reactive content recommended and precise search ranking BI & product meteometer for product features, bug tracking Fraud detection fake fans detection as fast as possible CRM Fast emailing campaigns
  • 16. Batch vs Streaming 16 Batch Processing Streaming Processing Data scope All or most of the data Most recent data managed by rolling time window Data size Larges batches > GB Individual records or micro batches of few records Performance Latencies in minutes to hours Seconds or milliseconds Analytics Complex analytics Simple aggregates and rolling metrics (Not true anymore for Spark Streaming)
  • 17. Why Spark Streaming 17 Tech Integration Already our batch processing engine, reusable component Multi-data sources integration Kafka, tables, files and third-tier APIs etc. Windowing Functions Rich and adaptive functions Distributed and Scalable Data partitioned
  • 18. Spark Streaming 101 exercises 18 Goal Get your hands dirty Official Example NetCat and WordCount More Fun ! Trending topic in Twitter
  • 19. Demo - Twitter Trending Hashtag 19 HTTP POST Processing Details batch interval: 2 secs Query Semantics aggregate window: 10 minutes Hardware local 2 cores, memory 512M Twitter Streaming API Spark Streaming Application Data Visualisation Application dropped Python, Flask framework1% Tweets Developer's trial app
  • 20. Demo - Twitter Trending Hashtag https://github.com/Huikan/datalady-demo 20
  • 21. Demo - Sample Code 21 TwitterUtils .createStream(ssc, None, filters) val ssc = new StreamingContext (sparkConf, 2 Seconds) Process details How often? Source
  • 22. Demo - Sample Code 22 TwitterUtils .createStream(ssc, None, filters) .flatMap{status => status.getText.trim.split(" ").filter(txt => txt.startsWith("#")) .map((_, 1)) .reduceByKeyAndWindow(_ + _, Minutes(10)) .map{case (topic, count) => (count, topic)} .transform(_.sortByKey(false)) val ssc = new StreamingContext (sparkConf, 2 Seconds) Process details How often? Source Query semantics How to group? same as batch
  • 23. Demo - Sample Code 23 TwitterUtils .createStream(ssc, None, filters) .flatMap{status => status.getText.trim.split(" ").filter(txt => txt.startsWith("#")) .map((_, 1)) .reduceByKeyAndWindow(_ + _, Seconds(10)) .map{case (topic, count) => (count, topic)} .transform(_.sortByKey(false)) .foreachRDD( rdd => {/** HTTP POST rdd top 10 */}) val ssc = new StreamingContext (sparkConf, 5 Seconds) Process details How often? Source Query semantics How to group? same as batch Sink/Receiver
  • 24. Inspiring for production? 24 HTTP POST Twitter Streaming API Spark Streaming Application Data Visualisation Application
  • 25. Production components 25 Rate Control Memory Tuning Failover Kafka Spark Cluster Durable Storage Monitoring Schema Registry
  • 26. Deezer listen stream in real-time 26 Computing dynamic alloc 3 executors, 2 cores, 4GB RAM each executor Input rate peak to 4K records/s, 6MB/s Latency queryable in less than 1 minute
  • 27. Next steps More applications 20% of our pipelines in streaming fashion Sync with spark streaming release State, structured API Build an universal message driven system 27
  • 28. We recruit data ladies (and data boys) deezerjobs.com 28
  • 30. DIFFUSION LIMITÉE – MODÉLISATION DE RETARDS POUR L’EXPLOITATION DES GRANDES GARES Marie de Faverges CEDRIC – CNAM DPF – SNCF Réseau Marie.milliet-de-faverges@reseau.sncf.fr
  • 31. – ROUTAGE DES TRAINS EN GARE C’EST QUOI UN GOV ?
  • 32. – ROUTAGE DES TRAINS EN GARE INFRASTRUCTURE COMPLEXE
  • 33. – ROUTAGE DES TRAINS EN GARE INFRASTRUCTURE COMPLEXE
  • 34. – ROUTAGE DES TRAINS EN GARE DES GOV FAITS ET VÉRIFIÉS À LA MAIN
  • 35. – RÉSOLUTION Programmation linéaire en nombres entiers +Données : • Liste de trains qui arrivent ou partent de la gare • Liste d’itinéraires traversant la gare +Variables booléennes affectant un train à un itinéraire +Contraintes d’infrastructure, contraintes commerciales, etc Complexité +En théorie : problème NP-complet +En pratique : exple de Montparnasse : • 800 arrivées et départs par jour • 28 voies en gare • 1000 itinéraires d’arrivée et 1000 itinéraires de départ
  • 36. – ROBUSTESSE Mais les trains n’arrivent pas toujours à l’heure ! +Le planning n’est plus valable +Les retards se propagent et s’amplifient à travers le réseau !" temps A !# Comment rendre les GOV plus robustes ? +Détecter les scenarios les moins robustes +Les pénaliser en objectif +La solution finale tendra à absorber une partie des retards +MAIS paramétrage très complexe et arbitraire
  • 37. – LES RETARDS But +Modéliser les retards de trains quelques jours en avance +Utiliser ces résultats pour paramétrer l’outil Mais… +Des retards plus exceptionnels qu’on ne le pense +Des causes trop variées et rares pour prédire précisément But de l’étude +Estimer le risque de retard en prédisant sa loi +Cibler uniquement les petits retards (inférieurs à 20 minutes)
  • 38. – MÉTHODOLOGIE 38 Données Brutes • Historique des retards • Grands travaux • Météo • Vacances Création du data set •Encodage des données •Troncature des retards •Sélection des variables Modélisation •Modèles linéaires généralisés •Validation Prédiction de probabilités de retards
  • 39. – MODÈLES LINÉAIRES GÉNÉRALISÉS Trois composantes dans le modèle : +La composante aléatoire : ! = ($%, … , $() suivant une loi de la famille exponentielle +Un prédicteur linéaire : *+ = ∑-+.+ +Une fonction de lien / entre la composante aléatoire et le prédicteur linéaire : *+ = / 0+ Soit : 1 ~345678+91 : ; < =>? Les paramètres ? sont estimés par maximum de vraisemblance Exemple +Loi négative binomiale tronquée au-delà de 20 minutes +Deux paramètres 0 et @ ! ~ABC <, D EF/ < = >G?G EF/ D = >H?H
  • 40. – PREDICTIONS R = 2 – Arrivée à 12h45 de La Rochelle un jeudi de vacances R = 16 – Arrivée à 20h de la Rochelle un mercredi de vacances R = 0 – Arrivée à 20h45 de Nantes un mercredi hors vacances
  • 41. – PROBLÈME DE VALIDATION Difficulté +Défaut d’homogénéité entre les prédictions et les observations +Pas de méthode de validation adaptée au cas continu Validation des modèles binaires +Calibration : correspondance entre les probabilités prédites et les taux observés +Discrimination : capacité à différencier les succès des échecs en se basant sur les probabilités prédites ON VA ADAPTER LES VALIDATIONS BINAIRES À NOTRE MODÈLE CONTINU EN TESTANT LA CDF EN PLUSIEURS POINTS
  • 42. – VALIDATION PAR CALIBRATION Calibration plot : +Pour un entier t on calcule pour chaque train ℙ(# ≥ % |') probabilité d’avoir un retard supérieur à t +On trie les trains par probabilités croissantes +On crée g groupes de tailles égales +On compare pour chaque groupe la probabilité prédite et la fréquence observée APPROCHE GRAPHIQUE
  • 43. – VALIDATION PAR CALIBRATION Test Hosmer-Lemeshow : +Pour un entier t on calcule pour chaque train ℙ(# ≥ % |') probabilité d’avoir un retard supérieur à t +On trie les trains par probabilités croissantes +On crée g groupes de tailles égales +Statistique de Hosmer-Lemeshow : ) = + ,-. / 0., − 2., 3 2., + 05, − 25, 3 25, +Si le modèle est le bon H suit une loi du chi-deux à g-2 degrés de liberté +On veut que la p-valeur soit non significative pour ne pas pouvoir rejeter l’hypothèse nulle APPROCHE STATISTIQUE
  • 44. – VALIDATION PAR CALIBRATION ! = # $%& ' (&$ − *&$ + *&$ + (-$ − *-$ + *-$ ! = 6,17 2 = 0,63 Groupe (- *- (& *& [0.03,0.29] 420 437 155 138 [0.29,0.34] 384 394 191 181 [0.34,0.38] 374 368 200 206 [0.38,0.42] 349 345 226 230 [0.42,0.46] 337 324 238 251 [0.46,0.50] 298 300 276 274 [0.50,0.54] 282 276 293 299 [0.54,0.59] 249 251 325 324 [0.59,0.65] 231 221 344 354 [0.65,0.86] 173 170 402 405 Régression logistique ponctuel/retard Test set de 5700 trains, g = 10
  • 45. – VALIDATION PAR DISCRIMINATION Sensitivité et spécificité !"#!$%$&$%' = )* )*+,- !."/$0$/$%' = )- )-+,* La courbe roc représente la !"#!$%$&$%' et 1 − !."/$0$/$%' pour tout cutpoint % ∈ 0,1 Aire sous la courbe ROC Pour un couple 67, 68 avec 67 = 1 et 68 = 0 de probabilités de succès prédites 97 et 98 alors : :;< = ℙ 97 > 98
  • 46. – RÉSULTATS GLM avec une loi négative binomiale entraîné sur 17 000 arrivées de TGV à Montparnasse Le modèle est évalué sur un set de 6 000 retards
  • 47. – CONCLUSION Objectif de la thèse +Estimer le risque de retard de trains quelques jours en avance +Utiliser ces résultats pour paramétrer un outil de routage des trains en gare +But à terme : limiter la propagation des retards en gare Approche +Modèles linéaires généralisés pour prédire les lois de probabilité de retard +Validation par calibration et discrimination +Résultats : bonne calibration et discrimination stable
  • 48. MERCI DE VOTRE ATTENTION ! DES QUESTIONS ?
  • 49. your.name@uwa.edu.auName et al., 201X Visualizating the deep Australian continent with advanced geophysical signal processing Ph.D. Candidate Sophie Monnier Supervisors Prof. David Lumley, A/Prof. Jeffrey Shragge, Dr. Rie Kamei
  • 50. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 Outline • Geophysics is cool!! • Seismic Data and Model Inputs • Seismic inversion method: Full Waveform Inversion • Results and Impacts
  • 51. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 Geophysics: a tool to probe the Earth’s Interior Crust Mantle Outer Core Inner Core ~ 6400 km We live on the surface of planet Earth, but we cannot penetrate its depths… Earth’s deepest drilling: • Kola superdeep borehole • 12 km (0.1% Earth’s radius)
  • 52. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 Geophysics: a tool to probe the Earth’s Interior Crust Mantle Outer Core Inner Core We live on the surface of planet Earth, but we cannot penetrate its depths… We cannot physically penetrate the Earth!!! ~ 6400 km Earth’s deepest drilling: • Kola superdeep borehole • 12 km (0.1% Earth’s radius)
  • 53. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 So how do we know what we know? The study of seismic waves gives us a picture of the interior of the earth 1. A seismic source propagates in the earth… 2. …is recorded at seismic stations 3. …Gathering information shows seismic discontinuities in the Earth Earthquake seismology: deep earth scale (100 – 6000 km)
  • 54. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 Exploration seismology: shallow earth scale (0.05 – 6 km) Seismology not only is cool but useful! 2D seismic image of buried geological layersFoetal ecography
  • 55. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 " " !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( 114°0'0"E 114°0'0"E 112°0'0"E 112°0'0"E 110°0'0"E 110°0'0"E 20°0'0"S 20°0'0"S 22°0'0"S 22°0'0"S Ü 0 100 km -100-3000-6000 Seafloor elevation (m) Bart 2D line Gascoyne abyssal plain Exm outhPlateau 110 E 112 E 114 E 20 S 22 S Cuvier abyssal plain New developments in Australian OBS technology New Australian OBS fleet: • 18 State-of-the-art seismic sensors • Inaugural survey • Acquisition year: 2014 – 2015 • Investigate deep WA structure
  • 56. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 PhD Research Objectives receivers (OBS) ØObtain a high-resolution image of Australia’s deep continental structure offshore Western Australia ØInvestigate the performance of state-of-the-art seismic inversion methods on an innovative dataset ØHybrid project: crustal-scale seismology (5–30 km)
  • 57. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 Outline • Geophysics is cool!! • Seismic Data and Model Inputs • Seismic inversion method: Full Waveform Inversion • Results and Impacts
  • 58. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 !" !# !$ !% Moho Crust Mantle Source Receivers (OBS) Controlled-source acquisition of seismic data Crust Mantle Outer Core Inner Core ~ 12 800 km Ø Crustal-scale seismology: [10" ,10# ] km ~ 30km
  • 59. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 !" !# !$ !% Crust Mantle Receivers (OBS) Controlled-source acquisition of seismic data Ø Crustal-scale seismology: [10# ,10" ] km ()*) = ,(!", !#, !$, !%)Source Moho Crust Mantle Outer Core Inner Core ~ 12 800 km ~ 20km
  • 60. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 Modelling and inversion of seismic data !"#" = %('(, '*, '+, ',) Forward modelling Inversion • Seismic modelling “Mathematically simulate the propagation of seismic waves from a geological model of the subsurface” (Stekl et al., 1998)
  • 61. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 !"#" = %('(, '*, '+, ',) Forward modelling Inversion • Seismic inversion '( '* '+ ', “Estimate a 2D or 3D Velocity model of the Earth” (Lailly, 1983) Modelling and inversion of seismic data
  • 62. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 ! " # ! " $ What does seismic data look like?
  • 63. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 What does a velocity model look like? Critical acquisition parameters: Ø Source Frequency content Ø Source-Receiver distance (offset) Ø Source/Receiver sampling Ø Choice of Objective Function ! 2 = $ 2% (Kamei et al. 2013) Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) Depth(km) Distance (km) km/s FWI Resolution:
  • 64. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 Outline • Geophysics is cool!! • Seismic Data and Model Inputs • Seismic inversion method: Full Waveform Inversion • Results and Impacts
  • 65. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 Full Waveform inversion: a local optimization approach Starting Model !" ≤ $ ? No: Update model !&'( = !& + +! Synthetic DataPreprocessed Field Data Data Misfit Yes: Convergence Raw Field Data
  • 66. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 Full Waveform Inversion Pipeline 1. Build initial velocity model 2. Prepare and model data 3. Inversion parameter tuning 4. Interpret results
  • 67. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 AuSREM, crustal component (Salmon et al., 2013) AusMoho (Kennett et al., 2011) 1D velocity profiles (Goncharov et al., 2016) Maurice Ewing cruise (Geoscience Australia, 2001) Synthetic Model " " !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( 114°0'0"E 114°0'0"E 112°0'0"E 112°0'0"E 110°0'0"E 110°0'0"E 20°0'0"S 20°0'0"S 22°0'0"S 22°0'0"S Ü 0 100 km Bart 2D line Velocity Model Building 1. Build initial velocity model 2. Prepare and Model Data 3. Inversion parameter tuning 4. Interpret results
  • 68. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 AuSREM Crustal model below Bart 2D line Distance from first shot point (km) Distance from first shot point (km) Depth(km) Bart 2D line Ewing (2001) Moho contour from Maurice Ewing velocity model Moho depth from AusMoho model Moho depth estimated from Goncharov et al. 2016 Velocity Model Building 1. Build initial velocity model 3. Inversion parameter tuning 4. Interpret results 2. Prepare and Model Data
  • 69. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 Field Data " " !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( 114°0'0"E 114°0'0"E 112°0'0"E 112°0'0"E 110°0'0"E 110°0'0"E 20°0'0"S 20°0'0"S 22°0'0"S 22°0'0"S Ü 0 100 km ? Bart 2 Field Receiver Gather, near-offset traces muted & AGC applied (window length: 30 s) Bart 2 Ø Processed field data 1. Build initial velocity model 3. Inversion parameter tuning 4. Interpret results 2. Prepare and Model Data
  • 70. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 Bart 2 Synthetic Receiver Gather, with AGC applied (window length: 30s) Ø Bart 2 Synthetic " " !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( 114°0'0"E 114°0'0"E 112°0'0"E 112°0'0"E 110°0'0"E 110°0'0"E 20°0'0"S 20°0'0"S 22°0'0"S 22°0'0"S Ü 0 100 km Bart 2 2D Synthetic Modelling 1. Build initial velocity model 3. Inversion parameter tuning 4. Interpret results 2. Prepare and Model Data
  • 71. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 Ø Frequency and Offset for Subsurface Illumination Inversion Parameter Tuning Low frequency High frequency 1. Build initial velocity model 3. Inversion parameter tuning 4. Interpret results 2. Prepare and Model Data S R
  • 72. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 1. Build initial velocity model 3. Inversion parameter tuning 4. Interpret results 2. Prepare and Model Data Ø Offset and Source-Receiver Sampling for Resolution 1 km 22 km Sampling Illumination Inversion Parameter Tuning
  • 73. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 1. Build initial velocity model 3. Inversion parameter tuning 4. Interpret results 2. Prepare and Model Data Ø Offset and Source-Receiver Sampling for Resolution 1 km 6 km 18 km 22 km 18 km 9 km Sampling Illumination Inversion Parameter Tuning
  • 74. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 1 km 6 km 18 km 1. Build initial velocity model 3. Inversion parameter tuning 4. Interpret results 2. Prepare and Model Data 22 km 18 km 9 km Sampling Illumination Inversion Parameter Tuning Ø Offset and Source-Receiver Sampling for Resolution
  • 75. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 Outline • Geophysics is cool!! • Seismic Data and Model Inputs • Seismic inversion method: Full Waveform Inversion • Results and Impacts
  • 76. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 Starting Model Distance from first shot point (km) Distance from first shot point (km) Depth(km) Bart 2D line Ewing (2001) Moho contour from Maurice Ewing velocity model Moho depth from AusMoho model Moho depth estimated from Goncharov et al. 2016 Initial Model 1. Build initial velocity model 3. Inversion parameter tuning 4. Interpret results 2. Prepare and Model Data
  • 77. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 Final Model 1. Build initial velocity model 3. Inversion parameter tuning 4. Interpret results 2. Prepare and Model Data Bart 2D line Ewing (2001) Moho contour from Maurice Ewing velocity model Moho depth from AusMoho model Moho depth estimated from Goncharov et al. 2016 Distance from first shot point (km) Final Model Depth(km) Distance from first shot point (km)
  • 78. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 1. Build initial velocity model 3. Inversion parameter tuning 4. Interpret results 2. Prepare and Model Data Seismic Inversion Results Before After • Crustal visibility: < 10 km • Moho not imaged • Tomographic resolution: 5-10 km • Crustal visibility: down to 25 km • Moho imaged at 20-25 km • FWI resolution: 1-2 km • Sensitivity analysis: • Subsurface Illumination • Resolution • Acquisition Design • Sensitivity analysis used for second OBS deployment over Lord Howe Rise Plateau
  • 79. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 1. Build initial velocity model 3. Inversion parameter tuning 4. Interpret results 2. Prepare and Model Data Seismic Inversion Results Before After • Crustal visibility: < 10 km • Moho not imaged • Tomographic resolution: 5-10 km • Crustal visibility: down to 25 km • Moho imaged at 20-25 km • FWI resolution: 1-2 km • Sensitivity analysis: • Subsurface Illumination • Resolution • Acquisition Design • Sensitivity analysis used for second OBS deployment over Lord Howe Rise Plateau
  • 80. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 Conclusion Ø The deep structure of the WA continent was imaged in high resolution thanks to high-quality seismic data, advanced geophysical processing and state-of-the-art seismic inversion methods Ø My analysis enabled better planning of seismic acquisition surveys offshore Australia Ø Geophysical Data Analysis and Machine Learning are meeting halfway! o Automatized geological interpretation o CNNs for induced seismicity prediction o Automatic detection of ore minerals
  • 81. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 Conclusion Ø The deep structure of the WA continent was imaged in high resolution thanks to high-quality seismic data, advanced geophysical processing and state-of-the-art seismic inversion methods Ø My analysis enabled better planning of seismic acquisition surveys offshore Australia Ø Geophysical Data Analysis and Machine Learning are meeting halfway! o Automatized geological interpretation o CNNs for induced seismicity prediction o Automatic detection of ore minerals
  • 82. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 Conclusion Ø The deep structure of the WA continent was imaged in high resolution thanks to high-quality seismic data, advanced geophysical processing and state-of-the-art seismic inversion methods Ø My analysis enabled better planning of seismic acquisition surveys offshore Australia Ø Geophysical Data Analysis and Machine Learning are meeting halfway! o Automatized geological interpretation o CNNs for induced seismicity prediction o Automatic detection of ore minerals
  • 83. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 Conclusion Ø The deep structure of the WA continent was imaged in high resolution thanks to high-quality seismic data, advanced geophysical processing and state-of-the-art seismic inversion methods Ø My analysis enabled better planning of seismic acquisition surveys offshore Australia Ø Geophysical Data Analysis and Machine Learning are meeting halfway! o Automatized geological interpretation o CNNs for induced seismicity prediction o Automatic detection of ore minerals
  • 84. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 Conclusion Ø The deep structure of the WA continent was imaged in high resolution thanks to high-quality seismic data, advanced geophysical processing and state-of-the-art seismic inversion methods Ø My analysis enabled better planning of seismic acquisition surveys offshore Australia Ø Geophysical Data Analysis and Machine Learning are meeting halfway! o Automatized geological interpretation o CNNs for induced seismicity prediction o Automatic detection of ore minerals
  • 85. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 References • Alcock, M. B., Stagg, H. M. J., Colwell, J. B., Borissova, I., Symonds, P. A. and Bernardel, G., 2006. “Seismic Transects of Australia’s Frontier Continental Margins”, Geoscience Australia Record • Goncharov, A., Cooper, A. Chia,P. and O’Neil, P., 2016. “A New Dawn for Australian Ocean-Bottom Seismography.” The Leading Edge 35 (1): 99–104. • Kamei, R., Pratt, R. G. and Tsuji, T., 2013. “On Acoustic Waveform Tomography of Wide-Angle OBS Data-- Strategies for Pre-Conditioning and Inversion.” Geophysical Journal International 194 (2): 1250–80. • Kennett, B.L.N., Salmon, M., Saygin, E. & AusMoho Working Group,2011. “AusMoho: the variation of Moho depth in Australia.” Geophysical Journal International 187: 946-958. • Lailly, P. 1983. “The Seismic Inverse Problem as a Sequence of Before Stack Migrations.” In Conference on Inverse Scattering, Theory and Applications, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 206–20. • Salmon, M., B. L. N. Kennett, and E. Saygin. 2012. “Australian Seismological Reference Model (AuSREM): Crustal Component.” Geophysical Journal International 192 (1): 190–206. • Stagg, H.M.J., Alcock, M.B., Bernardel, G., Moore, A.M.G., Symonds, P.A. & Exon, N.F., 2004. “Geological framework of the outer Exmouth Plateau and adjacent ocean basins.” Geoscience Australia Record • Štekl, I., and Pratt, R. G., 1998. “Accurate visco-elastic modelling by frequency-domain finiti differences using rotated operators”, Geophysics, 63, 796-809 • Tortopoglu, B., 2015. “The Structural Evolution of the Northern Carnarvon Basin, Northwest Australia”, PhD Thesis • Zelt, C. A., Smith, R. B., 1992. “Seismic Traveltime Inversion for 2-D Crustal Velocity Structure.” Geophysical Journal International 108 (1): 16–34.
  • 86. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 Thank you for your attention!
  • 87. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 Thank you for your attention !! Questions?
  • 88. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018
  • 89. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 1. Build initial velocity model 3. Inversion parameter tuning 4. Interpret results 2. Prepare and Model Data Inversion Parameter Tuning Ø Receiver Sampling and Objective Function for Resolution
  • 90. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 1. Build initial velocity model 3. Inversion parameter tuning 4. Interpret results 2. Prepare and Model Data Inversion Parameter Tuning Ø Receiver Sampling and Objective Function for Imaging
  • 91. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 1. Build initial velocity model 3. Inversion parameter tuning 4. Interpret results 2. Prepare and Model Data Inversion Parameter Tuning Ø Receiver Sampling and Objective Function for Imaging
  • 92. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 1. Build initial velocity model 3. Inversion parameter tuning 4. Interpret results 2. Prepare and Model Data Inversion Parameter Tuning Ø Receiver Sampling and Objective Function for Imaging
  • 93. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 1. Build initial velocity model 3. Inversion parameter tuning 4. Interpret results 2. Prepare and Model Data Inversion Parameter Tuning Ø Receiver Sampling and Objective Function for Imaging
  • 94. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 1. Build initial velocity model 3. Inversion parameter tuning 4. Interpret results 2. Prepare and Model Data Inversion Parameter Tuning Ø Receiver Sampling and Objective Function for Resolution
  • 95. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 1. Build initial velocity model 3. Inversion parameter tuning 4. Interpret results 2. Prepare and Model Data Inversion Parameter Tuning Ø Receiver Sampling and Objective Function for Resolution
  • 96. Paris Data Ladies #6Monnier, 2018 1. Build initial velocity model 3. Inversion parameter tuning 4. Interpret results 2. Prepare and Model Data Inversion Parameter Tuning Ø Receiver Sampling and Objective Function for Imaging
  • 97. L’association créée en 1987 Objectif principal favoriser la présence des femmes en mathématiques. Actions • Journées « filles et maths : une équation lumineuse », • Forum des jeunes mathématiciennes, • Interventions dans les classes, • Statistiques, …. Elle est également un lieu de rencontre et de promotion de la contribution des femmes à la recherche et à l’enseignement des mathématiques. femmes et mathématiques
  • 98. femmes et mathématiques Depuis 2009, en partenariat avec Animath, Journées organisées autour de 4 temps forts: • Promenade mathématique , • Atelier sur les stéréotypes liés aux maths et découverte des métiers des maths, • Speed-meeting, • Pièce de théâtre-forum Dérivée Les 2 associations ont déjà organisé 76 journées En 2017: Ø 10 villes Ø 15 journées Ø 1250 lycéennes Ø 420 collégiennes En 2018, nous visons: Ø 15 villes Ø 20 journées Ø 1700 lycéennes Ø 550 collégiennes
  • 99. femmes et mathématiques Nous avons besoin de vous ! Vous pouvez nous aider. 1) en nous faisant un don 2) en participant à des speed-meetings* 3) via du bénévolat de compétences 4) en organisant une journée dans vos locaux…. Vous pouvez nous joindre à fetm@ihp.fr Prochaines dates: 18 mai à Pau, 25 mai au Salon de la culture et des jeux mathématiques Place Saint Sulpice, 30 mai au Lycée la Mare Carré à Moissy- Cramayel