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Josh Lim
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Kennedy-khrushchev era (1959-1960s) Ping Chirathivat & Josh Lim
CONTENTS 1957 – Sputnik and the “Space Race” 1959 – Castro and Communism to Cuba 1959 – Kitchen Debates 1960 – U-2 Incident 1961 – Bay of Pigs Fiasco 1961 – “Failed” Vienna Summit Meeting 1960 – Berlin Wall Built 1961-4 – US Advisors to Vietnam 1962 – JFK Visits Berlin “Ich bin ein Berliner” 1963 – Cuban Missile Crisis 1964 – Tonkin Incident – Vietnam War Escalation
Sputnik and the “Space Race” October 4, 1957 – Sputnik, world’s first artificial satellite launched by the Soviets. Gave Soviets lead in race. Circles world in 96 minutes. Increased competition between Americans and Soviets space program. United States mobilizes and focuses on efforts to improve space exploration and technology. Jan. 31, 1958 – United States successfully launched its first satellite (Explorer I), after a first humiliating attempt.
Castro and Communism in Cuba Revolutionary leader, Fidel Castro, takes over in 1959. Promised democracy while leading guerilla movement (1956-1959) against dictator, Fulgencio Batista. Castro ruins relations with United States Through seizing oil refineries Breaking up commercial farms Exiling 10% of population. Contributing to Bahia de Cochinos. Constant dependence on Soviet Union Leading to Missile Crisis.
“Kitchen debates” July 24, 1959, American National Exhibition in Moscow. Series of exchanges between the U.S Vice President Richard Nixon and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev. Debated about the future of capitalism and communism. Both men argued their country’s industrial accomplishments (e.g. US: color videotape, dishwashers, TV dinners, etc. The confrontation occurred in the middle of a model US kitchen set up for the exhibition.
U-2 Incident CIA makes secret high-altitude flights over Soviet Territory. Planes used were the U2. Soviets had known of flights even though it was a secret. Soviet Pilot shot down a U-2 plane on May 1, 1960. US pilot, Francis Gary Powers, forced to parachute into Soviet Union territory. Set off huge argument which increased tensions between the two powers
Bay of Pigs Fiasco – April 17,1961 CIA was issued a special mission from Eisenhower Training of Cuban exiles for an invasion of Cuba, in hopes of an uprising to overthrow Castro. Nothing went as planned. Failed air strike. No distraction group. Kennedy left embarassed.
“Failed” Vienna Summit Meeting June 4, 1961 – Vienna, Austria First time Kennedy and Khrushchev met. Khrushchev determined to establish superiority over Kennedy (Failed Bay of Pigs invasion) Discussions include position of Laos, Indochina conflict, nuclear disarmament, but more importantly, Berlin. Khrushchev threatened to sign a peace agreement with East Germany that would interfere on Western access to Berlin by turning over control of the access roads and air routes Kennedy refused. Led to the building of the Berlin Wall
Berlin Wall Built The concrete wall topped with barbed wire splitting the city of Berlin in two. Constructed on Aug. 13, 1961 People fled East Germany due to pressures of communism government Berlin wall was erected, after Vienna summit meeting. Remained until 1989.
US Advisors to Vietnam US supports South Vietnam in their conflict against Communist North Vietnam. Kennedy sends military advisers to help train South Vietnamese troops to fight against Vietcong and help Diem. Would later support a coup against Diem. The number of military advisors sent by Kennedy would eventually surpass 16,000 before his assassination on Nov. 22, 1963.
JFK visits Berlin Division in country; East Germany under Soviet control and West Germany becoming a democratic nation Focus of growing political tensions between the two new superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union. 1963 speech made by JFK in West Berlin and considered to be one of the most notable moment for Kennedy during the Cold War. Marked the first instance where the U.S. acknowledged that East Berlin was part of the Soviet bloc along with the rest of East Germany.
“Ich bin ein Berliner” “Today, in the world of freedom, the proudest boast is 'Ich bin ein Berliner'... All free men, wherever they may live, are citizens of Berlin, and, therefore, as a free man, I take pride in the words 'Ich bin ein Berliner!‘ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NaZ3onbUrew&feature=related
Cuban Missile Crisis ,[object Object]
United States discovered launching sites of ballistic missiles in Cuba.
This escalated diplomatic tensions between the America and Soviet Union.
Closest the World has ever gotten to a nuclear war.,[object Object]
“For a moment, the world had stood still…” Robert Kennedy Any missile attack from Cuba would trigger an all out attack on the Soviet Union. World faced possibility of nuclear war (Oct 22- Oct 28 1962). US Navy prepared to quarantine Cuba and prevent the Soviet ships carrying missiles from reaching Cuba. Also prepared with a large invasion force. Khrushchev offered to remove the missiles in return for an American pledge not to invade Cuba. America also agreed to remove missiles in Turkey.
Criticism over Missile Crisis Ruined Khrushchev’s reputation in the Soviet Union. Americans criticized Kennedy on how he went about dealing with the crisis. Some people believed Kennedy passed up a good chance to invade Cuba.

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Kennedy khrushchev%20era%20(1959-1960s)[1]

  • 1. Kennedy-khrushchev era (1959-1960s) Ping Chirathivat & Josh Lim
  • 2. CONTENTS 1957 – Sputnik and the “Space Race” 1959 – Castro and Communism to Cuba 1959 – Kitchen Debates 1960 – U-2 Incident 1961 – Bay of Pigs Fiasco 1961 – “Failed” Vienna Summit Meeting 1960 – Berlin Wall Built 1961-4 – US Advisors to Vietnam 1962 – JFK Visits Berlin “Ich bin ein Berliner” 1963 – Cuban Missile Crisis 1964 – Tonkin Incident – Vietnam War Escalation
  • 3. Sputnik and the “Space Race” October 4, 1957 – Sputnik, world’s first artificial satellite launched by the Soviets. Gave Soviets lead in race. Circles world in 96 minutes. Increased competition between Americans and Soviets space program. United States mobilizes and focuses on efforts to improve space exploration and technology. Jan. 31, 1958 – United States successfully launched its first satellite (Explorer I), after a first humiliating attempt.
  • 4. Castro and Communism in Cuba Revolutionary leader, Fidel Castro, takes over in 1959. Promised democracy while leading guerilla movement (1956-1959) against dictator, Fulgencio Batista. Castro ruins relations with United States Through seizing oil refineries Breaking up commercial farms Exiling 10% of population. Contributing to Bahia de Cochinos. Constant dependence on Soviet Union Leading to Missile Crisis.
  • 5. “Kitchen debates” July 24, 1959, American National Exhibition in Moscow. Series of exchanges between the U.S Vice President Richard Nixon and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev. Debated about the future of capitalism and communism. Both men argued their country’s industrial accomplishments (e.g. US: color videotape, dishwashers, TV dinners, etc. The confrontation occurred in the middle of a model US kitchen set up for the exhibition.
  • 6. U-2 Incident CIA makes secret high-altitude flights over Soviet Territory. Planes used were the U2. Soviets had known of flights even though it was a secret. Soviet Pilot shot down a U-2 plane on May 1, 1960. US pilot, Francis Gary Powers, forced to parachute into Soviet Union territory. Set off huge argument which increased tensions between the two powers
  • 7. Bay of Pigs Fiasco – April 17,1961 CIA was issued a special mission from Eisenhower Training of Cuban exiles for an invasion of Cuba, in hopes of an uprising to overthrow Castro. Nothing went as planned. Failed air strike. No distraction group. Kennedy left embarassed.
  • 8. “Failed” Vienna Summit Meeting June 4, 1961 – Vienna, Austria First time Kennedy and Khrushchev met. Khrushchev determined to establish superiority over Kennedy (Failed Bay of Pigs invasion) Discussions include position of Laos, Indochina conflict, nuclear disarmament, but more importantly, Berlin. Khrushchev threatened to sign a peace agreement with East Germany that would interfere on Western access to Berlin by turning over control of the access roads and air routes Kennedy refused. Led to the building of the Berlin Wall
  • 9. Berlin Wall Built The concrete wall topped with barbed wire splitting the city of Berlin in two. Constructed on Aug. 13, 1961 People fled East Germany due to pressures of communism government Berlin wall was erected, after Vienna summit meeting. Remained until 1989.
  • 10. US Advisors to Vietnam US supports South Vietnam in their conflict against Communist North Vietnam. Kennedy sends military advisers to help train South Vietnamese troops to fight against Vietcong and help Diem. Would later support a coup against Diem. The number of military advisors sent by Kennedy would eventually surpass 16,000 before his assassination on Nov. 22, 1963.
  • 11. JFK visits Berlin Division in country; East Germany under Soviet control and West Germany becoming a democratic nation Focus of growing political tensions between the two new superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union. 1963 speech made by JFK in West Berlin and considered to be one of the most notable moment for Kennedy during the Cold War. Marked the first instance where the U.S. acknowledged that East Berlin was part of the Soviet bloc along with the rest of East Germany.
  • 12. “Ich bin ein Berliner” “Today, in the world of freedom, the proudest boast is 'Ich bin ein Berliner'... All free men, wherever they may live, are citizens of Berlin, and, therefore, as a free man, I take pride in the words 'Ich bin ein Berliner!‘ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NaZ3onbUrew&feature=related
  • 13.
  • 14. United States discovered launching sites of ballistic missiles in Cuba.
  • 15. This escalated diplomatic tensions between the America and Soviet Union.
  • 16.
  • 17. “For a moment, the world had stood still…” Robert Kennedy Any missile attack from Cuba would trigger an all out attack on the Soviet Union. World faced possibility of nuclear war (Oct 22- Oct 28 1962). US Navy prepared to quarantine Cuba and prevent the Soviet ships carrying missiles from reaching Cuba. Also prepared with a large invasion force. Khrushchev offered to remove the missiles in return for an American pledge not to invade Cuba. America also agreed to remove missiles in Turkey.
  • 18. Criticism over Missile Crisis Ruined Khrushchev’s reputation in the Soviet Union. Americans criticized Kennedy on how he went about dealing with the crisis. Some people believed Kennedy passed up a good chance to invade Cuba.
  • 19. Tonkin Incident August 2, 1964, a North Vietnamese patrol boat fired a torpedo at the American destroyer, the USS Maddox, while on patrol in the Gulf of Tonkin. Torpedo missed target, and Maddox returned fire and inflicted damage on the patrol boat. Two days later, Maddox and another US destroyer, engaged in firing at ghosts, but led President Johnson to adopt the Tonkin Gulf Resolution. Granted Johnson military powers in Vietnam.
  • 20. Works Cited "1960 U-2 Incident". Wikipedia. 5/14/10 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_U-2_incident. "1963: Kennedy: 'Ich bin ein Berliner'". BBC. May 10th 2010 http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/26/newsid_337900061.stm. Danzer, Gerald A., et al. The Americans. United States of America: McDougal Littell, 2005. Print. ""Ich bin ein Berliner."". The History Place. May 10th 2010 http://www.historyplace.com/speeches/berliner.html. "Kitchen Debate". Wikipedia. 5/14/10 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitchen_Debate. "The Bay of Pigs Invasion". The Crisis Center. May 11th 2010 http://library.thinkquest.org/11046/days/bay_of_pigs.html. "The Cold War in Berlin". JFK library. May 10th 2010 http://www.jfklibrary.org/Historical+Resources/JFK+in+History/The+Cold.htm. "The Vietnam War". The History Place. 5/14/10 http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/vietnam/index-1961.html. "Thirteen days and History". Cuban Missile Crisis. May 10th 2010 http://www.cubanmissilecrisis. "Why the Berlin Wall was built up ". Berlin Wall History. May 10th 2010 http://www.dailysoft.com/berlinwall/index.html.

Editor's Notes

  1. editing, works cited, more, specific info, less text, more memorization
  2. This is when the soviet unions found out that Americans were spying even though Eisenhower denied it at first so Khruschev demanded an apology and the promise to stop the U-2 flightsEisenhower agreed Need to talk about how the pilot was prosecuted
  3. This is when we discuss what went wrong… $Humiliation on kennedy’s part. Farm products/inventions were traded for captured cuban exiles
  4. Khrushchev threatens to close all access roads to West Berlin