1. DNA Barcoding
A Potential Tracker of Climate Change and
it’s Effects on Flora and Fauna
TEAM PLANT PRESERVATION (TPP)
Bersma, Ashley
Daniel, Alana
Lack, Amanda
Orta, Jose
Rajput, Tahreem
2. Introduction
What is DNA barcoding?
• Unique Pattern of DNA
• Easy Identification and Classification of
Species
• No need for expert knowledge of morphology
or taxonomy
• RuBisCo (rbcL) in plants
• Cytochrome C oxidase (COI) in animals
Why Climate Change?
• Warmer Temperatures
• New Weather Patterns
• Severe Storms
• Animal Migration patterns
• Displacement of species
@2012
2022
3. Materials and Methods
Sample Collection
• Wallings Nature Reserve
• Lat (17.0343198), Lon (-61.826608)
• 10 samples
DNA extraction
• Mechanical lysing of cells
• DNA extraction and Purification was done by
following protocols from DNAeasy extraction
Kits from QIAGEN
4. Materials and Methods
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
• PCR reaction was set up as per protocols
-Initial Denaturation: 94C - 1 min.
-Denaturation: 94C - 15 sec.
-Annealing: 54C - 15 sec.
-Extending: 72C - 30 sec.
-35 Cycles.
-Preserved at 4C until ready to use.
• Primer Design:
5'TGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTATGTCACCACAAACAGAGA
CTAAAGC-3' (forward primer–rbcLaf-M13)
5'-CAGGAAACAGCTATGACGTAAAATCAAGTCCACCRCG-
3' (reverse primer–rbcLa-revM13)
Gel Electrophoresis
• PCR reactions were examined on a 2% agarose gel
• Band expected size is approximately 700bp in size
5. Materials and Methods
Sequencing
• PCR samples were sent to New York for next
generation sequencing.
Bioinformatic Analysis
• Sequencing results were analyzed through:
-DNA Subway program
https://dnasubway.cyverse.org/project/browse
my
- BOLD SDP
http://v3.boldsystems.org/index.php/SDP_Man
agement_StudentsConsole
- NCBI BLAST
https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi
• A Phylogeny Tree was created from our
results
9. • Commonly known as Purple
wreath, Queen's
wreath, sandpaper vine, Tropical
Wisteria, Bluebird Vine, and Fleur
de Dieu.
• Origin: Central America, South
America in the tropics (Mexico,
Peru, Brazil, Costa Rica), and
Caribbean.
• Tropical Shrub/Vine
Common
Characteristics
• Valued especially for its display of
violet flowers
• In the traditional Amerindian
pharmacopoeia, certain ethnic
groups such as the Wayãpi
(Amazonia, Guyana, Brazil) use the
sap in preparation to treat burns,
wounds, inflammations, abscesses.
• In the Caribbean, associated with
other plants, it is used as an
antidiarrheal and as an
abortifacient.
Uses
• Prefers full sun and it can tolerate
shade, although it will not flower
profusely
• handles a very light and fleeting
frost at temperatures down to -2 °C
• thrives in well drained, fertile soils
and can tolerate drought
• Depending on the climate there
may be 2 nectariferous blooms are
visited by hummingbirds and
butterflies
Climate change
& Plant growth
TPP1-Petrea Kohautiana
11. • Commonly known as Purple
wreath, Queen's wreath, sandpaper
vine, Tropical Wisteria, Bluebird
Vine, and Fleur de Dieu.
• Origin: Central America, South
America in the tropics (Mexico,
Peru, Brazil, Costa Rica), and
Caribbean.
• Tropical Shrub/Vine
Common
Characteristics
• Valued especially for its display of
violet flowers
• In the traditional Amerindian
pharmacopoeia, certain ethnic
groups such as the Wayãpi
(Amazonia, Guyana, Brazil) use the
sap in preparation to treat burns,
wounds, inflammations, abscesses.
• In the Caribbean, associated with
other plants, it is used as an
antidiarrheal and as an
abortifacient.
• Leaves have been used for
treatment of diabetes/ methanol
extract has shown hypoglycemic
activity (Philippines)
Uses
• Prefers full sun and it can tolerate
shade, although it will not flower
profusely
• handles a very light and fleeting
frost at temperatures down to -2 °C
• thrives in well drained, fertile soils
and can tolerate drought
• Depending on the climate there
may be 2 nectariferous blooms are
visited by hummingbirds and
butterflies
Climate
change &
Plant growth
TPP2-Petrea Volubilis
13. • Commonly known as Purple
wreath, Queen's
wreath, sandpaper vine, Tropical
Wisteria, Bluebird Vine, and Fleur
de Dieu.
• Origin: Central America, South
America in the tropics (Mexico,
Peru, Brazil, Costa Rica), and
Caribbean.
• Tropical Shrub/Vine
• Larger, darker flowers but less
blooms than P. Volubilis.
Common
Characteristics
• Valued especially for its display of
violet flowers
• In the traditional Amerindian
pharmacopoeia, certain ethnic
groups such as the Wayãpi
(Amazonia, Guyana, Brazil) use the
sap in preparation to treat burns,
wounds, inflammations, abscesses.
• In the Caribbean, associated with
other plants, it is used as an
antidiarrheal and as an
abortifacient.
Uses
• Prefers full sun and it can tolerate
shade, although it will not flower
profusely
• handles a very light and fleeting
frost at temperatures down to -2 °C
• thrives in well drained, fertile soils
and can tolerate drought
• Depending on the climate there
may be 2 nectariferous blooms are
visited by hummingbirds and
butterflies
Climate change
& Plant growth
TPP4-Petrea Racemosa
15. • Accepted name: Mespilodaphne
Veraguensis
• Mostly distributed in tropical and
subtropical regions of the Americas
including that Caribbean.
• Can grow from 5 – 12 meters tall
• Thrives in moist forest or thickets,
mostly along stream banks, often
on dry rocky hillsides
Common
Characteristics
• No known medical use
• The feature of the wooden stem
makes Ocotea Veraguensis an ideal
source of good quality wood
•However, O. Veraguensis is not utilized to
make wood because the dimension of
stem is small, and the plant is only known
to be produced in low yield.
Uses
• Ocotea Verageunsis should be able
to flourish in Antigua
• However, the occurrence of O.
Veragenusis in Walling’s rain forest
was observed to be less compared
to other green trees and shrubs in
the area
• The near by steams in the area
were dried up, there was no other
evidence of water supply besides
the occasional rainfall
Climate change
& Plant growth
TPP5-Ocotea Veraguensis
17. • Native to the Caribbean and Latino
America
• Small trees, shrubs or vines
• Toxic to livestock if consumed for
long periods of time
Common
Characteristics
• Some of the Tetrapterys species
show hallucinogenic effects in
humans and have been used by
indigenous peoples in the
preparations of ceremonial spiritual
medicines.
Uses
• Flowers mostly during dry seasons,
specially after fires.
Climate change
& Plant growth
TPP7-Tetrapterys Ambigua
19. • Common name: carrycillo
• Found in: Mexico to Tropical
America, Tropical Africa, Comoros,
Madagascar
• forest
• woodland
• savanna,
• shrubland
• native grassland.
Common
Characteristics
• It has environmental uses and
social uses, as animal food and a
medicine and for food.
Uses
• adaptations to wet environment:
• the roots and culms do have
small air canals which help them
survive in very wet soil
• Requires a lot of water to grow,
but well drained
• adaptations to hot environment:
• hairs to assist in water retention
• waxy leaf to prevent easy
diffusion of water out of leaf
Climate change
& Plant growth
TPP9-Olyra Latifolia
21. • Common
name:Andiroba, Demerara
Mahogany, Crabwood
• Found in the north of South
America, Central America, and the
Caribbean, as well as Sub-Saharan
Africa
• Lowland rainforest
• Marsh Edge
• Swamp Forest
• Alluvial River (means a manmade
river)
• Periodically flooded plains
Common
Characteristics
• Medicinal ( itchy skin, fever and
intestinal worms.)
• Timber & Products (pulp and
paper)
Uses
• adaptations to wet environment:
Grows in environments where
the annual rainfall is above 3,000
mm with temperature between
20-35
Flowers depending on climate
More likely to be found in an
occasionally flooded
environment compared to a dry
land
Tolerant of periodic flooding
• adaption to hot environment:
Not much adaptions for hot
environments but grows faster
under direct overhead light
Climate
change &
Plant growth
TPP10-Carapa Guianensis
23. Discussion
• Antigua experiences wet and dry seasons. Wet season being from mid-June to mid- November and dry
season being the rest of the year.
• As Earth's climate continues to warm, rainfall in Antigua and Barbuda is projected to decrease and
temperature to increase.
24. Our predictions
• We expect a decrease in the density of carapa
guianesis and Ocotea Veraguensis which are
adapted to great amounts of rainfall or are usually
beside water sources.
• The olyfa latifola, although prospers in temperate
areas still requires a lot of rainfall for growth so
scarcity in this plant may also be observed.
• The presence of 3 subspecies of Petrea shows that
these plants maybe already going through the
process of natural selection, trying to adapt to the
drier conditions they have been presented with in
order to survive.
• The presence of Tetrapterys Ambigua as this plant
is numerous in times of drought.
25. What’s next?
• To systematically track the density of these plants in the area as time progresses so we can see if our
predictions are true.
• Observe which plants are no longer in the area and which plants may have become invasive
• We can see the firsthand effect of climate change on the biodiversity.
• Intervention to curb climate change would be the best mode of action to preserve the plant life that currently
inhabit this ecosystem.
Talk about how the growth of the plant is stunted as no plants of that type were seen that were more than 1 meter tall
Mention the feature of the stem
Talk about how climate change could be the reason for the stunted growth
Talk about the advantage of the plant being cultivated for production of wood
Talk about an idea to genetically modify the plant to produce thicker stems
Talk about how the growth of the plant is stunted as no plants of that type were seen that were more than 1 meter tall
Mention the feature of the stem
Talk about how climate change could be the reason for the stunted growth
Talk about the advantage of the plant being cultivated for production of wood
Talk about an idea to genetically modify the plant to produce thicker stems
Talk about how the growth of the plant is stunted as no plants of that type were seen that were more than 1 meter tall
Mention the feature of the stem
Talk about how climate change could be the reason for the stunted growth
Talk about the advantage of the plant being cultivated for production of wood
Talk about an idea to genetically modify the plant to produce thicker stems
Talk about how the growth of the plant is stunted as no plants of that type were seen that were more than 1 meter tall
Mention the feature of the stem
Talk about how climate change could be the reason for the stunted growth
Talk about the advantage of the plant being cultivated for production of wood
Talk about an idea to genetically modify the plant to produce thicker stems
Talk about how the growth of the plant is stunted as no plants of that type were seen that were more than 1 meter tall
Mention the feature of the stem
Talk about how climate change could be the reason for the stunted growth
Talk about the advantage of the plant being cultivated for production of wood
Talk about an idea to genetically modify the plant to produce thicker stems
Talk about how the growth of the plant is stunted as no plants of that type were seen that were more than 1 meter tall
Mention the feature of the stem
Talk about how climate change could be the reason for the stunted growth
Talk about the advantage of the plant being cultivated for production of wood
Talk about an idea to genetically modify the plant to produce thicker stems
Talk about how the growth of the plant is stunted as no plants of that type were seen that were more than 1 meter tall
Mention the feature of the stem
Talk about how climate change could be the reason for the stunted growth
Talk about the advantage of the plant being cultivated for production of wood
Talk about an idea to genetically modify the plant to produce thicker stems