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CANNABIS BREEDING
- 1. Breeding Cannabis sativa for Medicinal and Industrial Applications Presented by Joseph R. Chidiac Department of Horticulture University of Arkansas
- 3. Taxonomy o Kingdom: Plantae o Subkingdom: Viridiplantae o Infrakingdom: Streptophyta o Superdivision: Embryophyta o Division: Tracheophyta o Subdivision: Spermatophytina o Class: Magnoliopsida o Superorder: Rosanae o Order: Rosales o Family: Cannabaceae o Genus: Cannabis o Species: Sativa Indica Sativa
- 5. Legal History Pre-1900: The cultivation of cannabis was ubiquitous and highly encouraged in every culture for its myriad of uses. 1906: Pure Food and Drug Act—required cannabis to be properly labeled. 1914: Harrison Narcotics Tax Act—gave the federal government authority to regulate the trade of narcotics. 1925: International Opium Convention—banned the export of Indian hemp but not American or European hemp. 1932: Uniform State Narcotic Act—encouraged states to adopt the authority to regulate illicit trade. 1937: Marihuana Tax Act—banned the possession and distribution of hemp outside of licensed use.
- 6. Current State of Affairs (2015) • Alaska • Arizona • California • Colorado • Connecticut • DC, Washington • Delaware • Hawaii • Illinois • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Montana • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • Oregon • Rhode Island • Vermont • Washington • Australia • Austria • Canada • Chile • China • Denmark • Egypt • Finland • France • Germany • Great Britain • Hungary • India • Italy • Japan • Korea • Netherlands • New Zealand • Poland • Portugal • Russia • Romania • Slovenia • Spain • Switzerland • Turkey • Thailand • Ukraine • Israel • Canada
- 7. Economic Significance • Colorado: – $98 million – *$40* million – $350 million (2014) • California: – $104 million – $433 million (2014) • USA: – $581 million – $3/$35 billion (2014) • British Columbia: – $6 billion (2014)
- 9. Industrial Hemp 77.5% cellulose 10% hemi-cellulose 6.8% lignin 2.9% pectin 0.9% wax and lipids
- 10. Modern Uses for Hemp
- 11. More Uses… Foods, Paper, Jewelry, Biofuels, Cosmetics, Soil remediation, Bedding for livestock, Organic weed control, Plastics and composites, Electrodes for supercapacitors, Building materials and insulation, And much more…
- 12. Medicinal and Recreational Cannabis
- 13. Grow Operations
- 14. Cannabinoids CBG: Cannabigerol CBGa: Cannabigerolic Acid CBD: Cannabidiol CBDa: Cannabidiolic Acid THCa: Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid THCv: Tetrahydrocannabivarin ∆8/9-THC: Tetrahyrdocannabinol CBC: Cannabichromene CBN: Cannabinol Trichome Common potency: 5-25% THC, <2% CBD, Rest <1%.
- 17. CBGa – Cannabigerolic acid Properties: • Analgesic • Anti-bacterial • Anti-inflammatory • Anti-proliferative Potential in treating: • Cancer Studied for its role in the synthesis of other cannabinoids.
- 18. THCa – Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid Properties: • Analgesic • Anti-emetic • Anti-inflammatory • Anti-insomnia • Anti-proliferative • Anti-spasmodic • Immune system modulator • Neuroprotective Potential in treating: • Nausea • Cancer • Lupus • Brain injury
- 20. THC - Tetrahydrocannabinol Properties: • Analgesic • Anti-emetic • Anti-proliferative • Anti-oxidant • Antispasmodic • Neuroprotective • Appetite Stimulant • Euphoriant* Potential in treating: •Cancer •Pain •Anorexia •HIV •PTSD •Crohn’s disease
- 22. https://www.yahoo.com/parenting/d ad-arrested-for-giving-cannabis-oil-to- daughter-108654025667.html
- 23. THCv - Tetrahydrocannabivarin Properties: • Analgesic • Anorectic • Anti-emetic • Anti-epilectic • Anti-inflammatory • Bone stimulant • Euphoriant* Potential in treating: • Diabetes • Obesity • Parkinson’s disease • Inflammation • Schizophrenia
- 26. CBN - Cannabinol Properties: • Analgesic • Anti-bacterial • Anti-emetic • Anti-epilectic • Anti-inflammatory • Anti-insomnia • Anti-proliferative • Appetite stimulant • Bone stimulant Potential in treating: • Pain • Cancer • Anorexia
- 28. CBDa – Cannabidiolic acid Properties: • Anti-bacterial • Anti-emetic • Anti-inflammatory • Anti-proliferative Potential in treating: • Bacterial infections • Nausea • Cancer
- 29. CBD - Cannabidiol Properties: • Analgesic • Antibacterial • Anti-diabetic • Anti-depressant • Anti-emetic • Anti-epilectic • Anti-inflammatory • Anti-insomnia • Anti-ischemic • Anti-psioratic • Anti-proliferative • Anti-psychotic • Anti-oxidant • Antispasmodic • Axiolitic • Bone stimulant • Neuroprotective • Vasorelaxant Potential in treating: • Cancer • Epilepsy • Depression • Schizophrenia • Crohn’s disease • Alzheimer’s
- 32. CBC - Cannabichromene Properties: • Analgesic • Anti-depressant • Anti-fungal • Axiolitic • Anti-inflammatory • Anti-proliferative • Bone stimulant • Neurogenic** Potential in treating: • Pain • Depression • Inflammation • Alzheimer’s • Brain injury
- 35. CBG - Cannabigerol Properties: • Analgesic • Anti-bacterial • Anti-epilectic • Anti-inflammatory • Anti-insomnia • Anti-proliferative • Bone stimulant • Neurogenic** Potential in treating: • Glaucoma • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Pain • Inflammation • Seizures
- 37. Targets for Breeding Hexanoyl CoA Synthetase Olivetolic acid Cyclase GO Transferase THCa Synthase CBDa Synthase CBCa Synthase Cellulose Synthases Glucotransferases Cytochrome P450 enzymes Methyltransferases Acetyltransferases Elongase ∆6-desaturase Gene Products
- 39. Selection Process Sequence DNA of progeny and look for: Presence of genes for biosynthesis enzymes Number of duplicates in the genome for each Type of Promoter Region (PR) Type of Upstream Activating Region (UAR) Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) www.medicinalgenomics.com
- 40. Creating Profiles of Gene Expression www.genomebiology.com
- 41. Testing the Potency of New Cultivars Vs. Vs. GC HPLC UPLC
- 42. The Potential of New Cultivars “Charlotte’s Web” Named for Charlotte Figi 0.5% THC 17% CBD Reduces child seizures dramatically Alleviated epilepsy symptoms from Dravet syndrome Lived with 300 seizures per week before treatment Had adverse effects from conventional treatment
- 43. ¡Thank you all for your presence! ¿Are there any questions?