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General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean
       Comisión General de Pesca para el Mediterráneo


                                CAQ – WGSC


Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
                   Trabzon (Turkey) - 18-22 February 2013




              José Carlos Macias, FAO Aquaculture Consultant

           Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
       José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
CONTENTS




               Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
           José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
According to FAO



350,000.00


                                                                                                   Albania
300,000.00                                                                                         Algeria

                                                                                                   Bulgaria
250,000.00                                                                                         Croatia

                                                                                                   France
200,000.00
                                                                                                   Greece

                                                                                                   Italy
150,000.00
                                                                                                   Montenegro

                                                                                                   Morocco
100,000.00
                                                                                                   Slovenia

                                                                                                   Spain
 50,000.00
                                                                                                   Tunisia

                                                                                                   Turkey
      0.00
             2000   2001   2002    2003    2004   2005    2006    2007    2008    2009   2010




                        Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
                    José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
According to FAO



4,500.00
                                                                                                     Albania
4,000.00
                                                                                                     Algeria
3,500.00
                                                                                                     Bulgaria
3,000.00
                                                                                                     Croatia
2,500.00
                                                                                                     Montenegro
2,000.00
                                                                                                     Morocco
1,500.00
                                                                                                     Slovenia
1,000.00
                                                                                                     Tunisia
 500.00
                                                                                                     Turkey
   0.00
           2000   2001   2002    2003     2004    2005    2006    2007    2008    2009      2010



                       Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
                   José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
According to FAO




                          Italy
                         24.41%
                                                                                   Montenegro              
Greece
                                                                      Morocco
 0.03%
4.19%
                                                                        0.05%
                                                                                   Slovenia            
                                                                                     0.01%
                                                                                             Spain
                                                                                            40.52%




    France
                                                                        Turkey          
    29.90%
                      Croatia
                                          0.06%
                                 0.38%

                          Bulgaria          
                                Albania           
                           0.13%
                                             0.28%
                                      Algeria
                 Tunisia
                                      0.00%
                   0.03%



              Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
          José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
According to FAO




                                                   CRASSOSTREA
                                                      17.76%
                MUSSELS
                 73.27%




                                                              OSTREA
                                                               0.43%


                                                      RUDITAPES
                                      Others            8.10%
                                      0.45%




    Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
List of species. Main                                                                      Main species


                                         Manila clam
                                         •  Ruditapes phillipinorum


                                         Pacific cupped oyster
                                         •  Crassostrea gigas


                                         Oyster
                                         •  Ostrea edulis


                                         Mussels
                                         •  Mytilus edulis/galloprovincialis

                        Others species have been studied and tested as Pecten,
                        Octopus, Cockle, others.

                              Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
                          José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
Key factor to development of mollusc aquaculture




                                                                                        -  ethod
                                                                                         M
                            Influences on the                                           -  ystem
                                                                                         S
                                                                                        -  ost of production
                                                                                         C




                                                                                           - Rhythm of growth
                              Influences on the                                            - Maturation
                                                                                           - Seeds collection




                              Influences on the                                            - Time to growth
                                                                                           - Condition index



                          Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
                      José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
Mussels MGallo

        Environmental condition for aquaculture




       http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Mytilus_edulis/en




  NW-Spain                         W-France                     SE-Spain, SW-France         NE-Spain




  http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Mytilus_galloprovincialis/en

                               Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
                           José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
Crassostra

  Environmental condition for aquaculture




                                       http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/3514/en
                     Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
                 José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
Manila clam

    Environmental condition for aquaculture




     http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Ruditapes_philippinarum/en
                         Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
                     José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
Oyter OEdulis

     Environmental condition for aquaculture




                                                         http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Ostrea_edulis/en

                    Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
                José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
Methods for shellfish
aquaculture at sea.




                                                                     http://www.irish-mussels.com/




                        Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
                    José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
Methods for shellfish
aquaculture on intertidal zone




                                      http://www.irish-mussels.com/

                                Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
                            José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
17                                                                            17
         Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
     José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
18                                                                            18
         Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
     José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
Learned lessons and trends
           Learned lessons




                     Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
                 José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
 Sanitarian Control and prevention of diseases


 Environmental monitoring of the natural conditions


 Local branding and high level of quality


 New technologies for optimize the cost of production



 New species and new methods




                Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
            José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
Sanitarian control. Biotoxins



    Sanitarian Control and prevention of diseases


   •    It is important to raise the level of awareness regarding biotoxins episodes
        and the incidence of, to prevent health problems and "economic".
   •    A good monitoring program and monitoring is necessary, in compliance with
        European Directive.




                      Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
                  José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
Restocking

There are important examples especially the clam, in the northwest of Spain
(Galicia), and Italy (Adriatic Sea), where restocking is done from public
hatcheries or moving the populations.




                 Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
             José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
Diversification-Species
Diversification (Species and system or methods)


      •    Diversification is always desired and interesting, but not cohabitation of
           species already adapted to culture, with new ones.
      •    Species such as octopus, razor, anemone, abalone, sea urchin, etc.,
           have potential but need to be tested by specific pilot projects, and
           increase demand.




                         Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
                     José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
Summary or “core ideas”



       Shell%ish( farming( offers( new( and( interesting( possibilities( for( the(
        development(of(aquaculture(in(the(Mediterranean(and(black(sea.(

       Since(it(farming(systems(and(techniques(are(known,(it(is(necessary(
        to( analyze( the( environmental( conditions( that( make( possible( the(
        activity.(

       There(is(a(diversity(of(species(and(hence(opportunities.(

       Molluscs(are(great(commercial(interest(species(in(Europe.(

       The(development(of(shell%ish(aquaculture(should(be(supplemented(
        by(health(control(measures(and(a(correct(marketing.(



                      Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
                  José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
Thanks
       josecarlosmacias1@gmail.com
 www.josecarlosmacias.com




    Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification
José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013

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Med and Black Sea Shellfish Aquaculture

  • 1. General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean Comisión General de Pesca para el Mediterráneo CAQ – WGSC Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification Trabzon (Turkey) - 18-22 February 2013 José Carlos Macias, FAO Aquaculture Consultant Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 2. CONTENTS Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 3. Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 4. Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 5. According to FAO 350,000.00 Albania 300,000.00 Algeria Bulgaria 250,000.00 Croatia France 200,000.00 Greece Italy 150,000.00 Montenegro Morocco 100,000.00 Slovenia Spain 50,000.00 Tunisia Turkey 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 6. According to FAO 4,500.00 Albania 4,000.00 Algeria 3,500.00 Bulgaria 3,000.00 Croatia 2,500.00 Montenegro 2,000.00 Morocco 1,500.00 Slovenia 1,000.00 Tunisia 500.00 Turkey 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 7. According to FAO Italy 24.41% Montenegro Greece Morocco 0.03% 4.19% 0.05% Slovenia 0.01% Spain 40.52% France Turkey 29.90% Croatia 0.06% 0.38% Bulgaria Albania 0.13% 0.28% Algeria Tunisia 0.00% 0.03% Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 8. According to FAO CRASSOSTREA 17.76% MUSSELS 73.27% OSTREA 0.43% RUDITAPES Others 8.10% 0.45% Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 9. List of species. Main Main species Manila clam •  Ruditapes phillipinorum Pacific cupped oyster •  Crassostrea gigas Oyster •  Ostrea edulis Mussels •  Mytilus edulis/galloprovincialis Others species have been studied and tested as Pecten, Octopus, Cockle, others. Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 10. Key factor to development of mollusc aquaculture -  ethod M Influences on the -  ystem S -  ost of production C - Rhythm of growth Influences on the - Maturation - Seeds collection Influences on the - Time to growth - Condition index Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 11. Mussels MGallo Environmental condition for aquaculture http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Mytilus_edulis/en NW-Spain W-France SE-Spain, SW-France NE-Spain http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Mytilus_galloprovincialis/en Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 12. Crassostra Environmental condition for aquaculture http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/3514/en Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 13. Manila clam Environmental condition for aquaculture http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Ruditapes_philippinarum/en Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 14. Oyter OEdulis Environmental condition for aquaculture http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Ostrea_edulis/en Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 15. Methods for shellfish aquaculture at sea. http://www.irish-mussels.com/ Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 16. Methods for shellfish aquaculture on intertidal zone http://www.irish-mussels.com/ Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 17. 17 17 Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 18. 18 18 Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 19. Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 20. Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 21. Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 22. Learned lessons and trends Learned lessons Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 23.  Sanitarian Control and prevention of diseases  Environmental monitoring of the natural conditions  Local branding and high level of quality  New technologies for optimize the cost of production  New species and new methods Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 24. Sanitarian control. Biotoxins  Sanitarian Control and prevention of diseases •  It is important to raise the level of awareness regarding biotoxins episodes and the incidence of, to prevent health problems and "economic". •  A good monitoring program and monitoring is necessary, in compliance with European Directive. Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 25. Restocking There are important examples especially the clam, in the northwest of Spain (Galicia), and Italy (Adriatic Sea), where restocking is done from public hatcheries or moving the populations. Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 26. Diversification-Species Diversification (Species and system or methods) •  Diversification is always desired and interesting, but not cohabitation of species already adapted to culture, with new ones. •  Species such as octopus, razor, anemone, abalone, sea urchin, etc., have potential but need to be tested by specific pilot projects, and increase demand. Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 27. Summary or “core ideas”   Shell%ish( farming( offers( new( and( interesting( possibilities( for( the( development(of(aquaculture(in(the(Mediterranean(and(black(sea.(   Since(it(farming(systems(and(techniques(are(known,(it(is(necessary( to( analyze( the( environmental( conditions( that( make( possible( the( activity.(   There(is(a(diversity(of(species(and(hence(opportunities.(   Molluscs(are(great(commercial(interest(species(in(Europe.(   The(development(of(shell%ish(aquaculture(should(be(supplemented( by(health(control(measures(and(a(correct(marketing.( Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013
  • 28. Thanks josecarlosmacias1@gmail.com www.josecarlosmacias.com Ad hoc meeting on Black Sea aquaculture species diversification José Carlos Macias. Aquaculture Consultant. Trabzon. TURKEY. Feb, 2013