Presentation for BUTLER project focusing on ethical issues related to Trust and the Internet of Things (IoT)

1. IOT/ETHICS
BUTLER PROJECT
LUXEMBOURG, 10TH SEPT 2012

2. PEOPLE
Job Timmermans, Researcher (ETICA project)

3. AGENDA
CAN WE TRUST OUR BUTLER?
• ISSUES & CHALLENGES
• VALUE SENSITIVE DESIGN
• TRUST
• CALL FOR PAPERS

4. CIA CHIEF PETRAEUS
“We’ll Spy on You Through Your Dishwasher”
Wired, March 15, 2012

5. AN ETHICS OF IOT?
Party Stopper
or
Unique Selling Point?
IOT raises ethics challenges and opportunities
related to
autonomy, security, equity, equality,
justice, access, discrimination,
data profiling, confidentiality, ….

6. ISSUES 1/3
Privacy & Security
Blurring of contexts: private vs. public
Informed Consent vs. Obfuscation of Functionality
Confidence vs. Trust
Agency: social contract between people and objects?
Non-neutrality of IoT Metaphores

7. ISSUES 2/3
Responsibility & Precautionary Principle
Responsible Innovation & Setting new standards
Social justice & Digital divide
Support solving existing problems
Adaptation to mediated environment

8. ISSUES 3/3
New organizational principles and institutional design
New ontology
Fair distribution costs and benefits
Public acceptance of innovative technology
Technology lock-in

9. KEY PROBLEM
21ST CENTURY:
VALUE SENSITIVE DESIGN Computers
Oiltankers
Responsibility Airplanes
Privacy Reactors
Accountability Express Roads
Agency Implement Internet
Autonomy Electricity
Sustainability Grids
Safety Artefacts Hospitals
Security Values Architectures
Norms Materials
Standards
Laws
Security
Ideals Systems
Principles Justify Infrastructure
Audit

10. VALUE SENSITIVE
DESIGN
1. Conceptual investigations
2. (Empirical investigations)
3. Technical investigations

11. TRUST = IMPORTANT
IoT = disruptive
• Public / private blurred
• Unknown territory
• Feeling safe / secure
• Privacy requires Trust
Trust User acceptation / adaptation
Successful technology
Examples
• Dutch Smart Metering roll out
• Dutch Electronic Patient Record System

12. Smart
mobile
platform
Smart
server Unifying
platform BUTLER
Architecture
Secure, private, trustworthy
context capture
Smart OSGi Zigbee DPWS
FreeRTOS
TinyOS
Contiki
object/gateway CoAP
platform RPL 6LowPAN
IEEE 802.15.4

13. IOT + TRUST =
DIFFERENT
Real-life Impact
Many Unknowns
Defining features:
• Distributed / heterarchical structures
• Non deterministic / Smart behavior
• Dynamic configuration
• Obfuscation
• Heterogeneity

14. TRUST = VAGUE
Complex notion
Different meanings in Different disciplines
Conceptual muddle
Difficult to measure (no metrics/ methodologies)

15. DEFINITION OF TRUST
Accepted vulnerability
to another's
possible but not expected ill will
(Friedman, Baier)

16. WHAT TO TRUST?
Others (E-Trust)
Institutions (Proper governance)
Systems (Technology Dependence)

17. TRUST VS
CONFICENCE
De-perimeterisation (De-p):
• Passive  Active insulation of data
• Danger (nature)  Risk (manmade)
• Confidence(no alt’s)  Trust (with alt’s)
(Pieters, 2011)

18. TRUST VS
RELIABILITY
RELIABILITY
• Thing – Person interaction
• Interactively static
TRUST
• Person – Person interaction
• Interactively dynamic
Real People vs. ‘Internet’ People
(Pettit, 2008)

19. TRUST: CRUCIAL
REQUIREMENT =CLUES
•Evidence of Face
•Evidence of Frame
•Evidence of File
(Pettit, 2008)

20. REPUTATION SYSTEMS
Examples
• Amazon
• Google
• Slashdot
Present Alternatives + Active system
Sources of Evidence
• Face : online identity
• Frame: Score by others
• File : Aggregated reputation
 Decentralized / distributed reputation system

21. QUESTIONS?

22. CALL FOR PAPERS
Special Issue of Ethics and Information Technology (ETIN)
on the Internet of Things (IoT)