Sushan Pradhan Sushan Pradhan Roll no: 27 ( BBA 2nd Year 4th Semester) Institute: Agragami Group of Institutions Topic: 1) Flight Information Display System 2) Reservation and Ticketing 3)Check in and Issue of Boarding Pass 4) Customs and immigration formalities www.jetlinemarvel.net

1. Principles of airline and airport
management

2. Created by
Sushan Pradhan
Roll no: 27 ( BBA 2nd Year 4th Semester)
Institute: Agragami Group of Institutions
Topic: 1) Flight Information Display System
2) Reservation and Ticketing
3)Check in and Issue of Boarding Pass
4) Customs and immigration formalities
Submitted to
Prof. Dhaval

3. FLIGHT INFORMATION DISPLAY
SYSTEMS (FIDS)
A flight information display system (FIDS) is a
computer system used in airports to display flight
information to passengers, in which a computer
system controls mechanical or electronic display
boards or TV screens in order to display arriving
and departing flight information in real-time. The
displays are located inside or around
an airport terminal. A virtual version of a FIDS can
also be found on most
airport websites and teletext systems. In large
airports, there are different sets of FIDS for each
terminal or even each major airline. FIDS are used
to inform passengers of boarding gates,
departure/arrival times, destinations, notifications
of flight delays/flight cancellations, and partner
airlines, et al.

4.  the airline name/logo and/or its IATA or ICAO airline
designator (can also include names/logos
of interlining/codesharing airlines or partner airlines,
e.g. DL 078/KL 1139.)
 the city of origin or destination, and any intermediate
points
 the expected arrival or departure time and/or the updated
time (reflecting any delays)
 the gate number
 the check-in counter numbers or the name of the airline
handling the check-in
 the status of the flight, such as "Landed", "Delayed",
"Boarding", etc.
Each line on an FIDS indicates a different flight number accompanied by:

5. RESERVATION AND
TICKETING Airline reservation systems (ARS) are part of
the so-called passenger service systems (PSS),
which are applications supporting the direct
contact with the passenger.
 ARS eventually evolved into the computer
reservations system (CRS). A computer
reservation system is used for the reservations
of a particular airline and interfaces with
a global distribution system (GDS) which
supports travel agencies and other distribution
channels in making reservations for most
major airlines in a single system.

6. OVERVIEW
 Airline reservation systems incorporate airline schedules, fare tariffs, passenger
reservations and ticket records. An airline's direct distribution works within their
own reservation system, as well as pushing out information to the GDS. The
second type of direct distribution channel are consumers who use the internet or
mobile applications to make their own reservations. Travel agencies and other
indirect distribution channels access the same GDS as those accessed by the
airline reservation systems, and all messaging is transmitted by a standardized
messaging system that functions on two types of messaging that transmit on
SITA's high level network (HLN). These messaging types are called Type A
[usually EDIFACT format] for real time interactive communication and Type B
[TTY] for informational and booking type of messages. Message construction
standards set by IATA and ICAO, are global, and apply to more than air
transportation. Since airline reservation systems are business critical
applications, and they are functionally quite complex, the operation of an in-
house airline reservation system is relatively expensive.
Prior to deregulation, airlines owned their own reservation systems with travel
agents subscribing to them. Today, the GDS are run by independent companies
with airlines and travel agencies being major subscribers.

7. INVENTORY
MANAGEMENT In the airline industry, available seats are commonly referred to as inventory. The
inventory of an airline is generally classified into service classes (e.g. first, business or
economy class) and up to 26 booking classes, for which different prices and booking
conditions apply. Inventory data is imported and maintained through a schedule
distribution system over standardized interfaces. One of the core functions of inventory
management is inventory control. Inventory control steers how many seats are available
in the different booking classes, by opening and closing individual booking classes for
sale. In combination with the fares and booking conditions stored in the Fare Quote
System, the price for each sold seat is determined. In most cases, inventory control has
a real time interface to an airline’s Yield management system to support a permanent
optimization of the offered booking classes in response to changes in demand or
pricing strategies of a competitor.

8. FARE QUOTE AND
TICKETING The Fares data store contains
fare tariffs, rule sets, routing
maps, class of service tables,
and some tax information that
construct the price – "the fare".
Rules like booking conditions
(e.g. minimum stay, advance
purchase, etc.) are tailored
differently between different
city pairs or zones, and
assigned a class of service
corresponding to its
appropriate inventory bucket.
Inventory control can also be
manipulated manually through
the availability feeds,
dynamically controlling how
many seats are offered for a
particular price by opening and
closing particular classes.

9. CHECK IN AND ISSUE OF BOARDING
PASS
 Most travelers today are aware about how to do web check in. As airlines try to automate
everything and make traveling easier, web check-in is a win-win innovation which benefits
everyone. With web check in you can choose seats and print boarding passes from the
comfort of your home or office. Airlines can cut down on the expenses of paper and
personnel. Travelers can bypass the hassles of standing in queues at check-in counters
and kiosks.
Once you do a web check-in, you have the boarding pass in hand before you reach the
airport. The boarding pass includes a bar code which contains your reservation. Once you
reach the airport you can directly head for the security checkpoint, continue to the gate and
board the flight.
Online check-in also has certain time limits that vary from airline to airline and you need to
be aware of the same. Some airlines allow passengers to check in online within 12 to 24
hours prior to the departure time to as late as 30 minutes prior to the scheduled departure
time. Since international travel requires travelers to arrive earlier when compared to
domestic travel, the check in deadlines are early as well.

10. ONLINE CHECK-IN PROCEDURES OF AIRLINES:
 • Indigo web check in: Indigo airlines allows travelers to select seats online and
print the boarding pass instantly from any location. The online check-in process
begins 48 hours before and goes up to 2 hours prior to the flight’s departure. The
online facility cannot be availed by unaccompanied minors and passengers
travelling by wheel chair.
 • SpiceJet web check in: To avail the web check facility you will have to visit the
Spicejet official website, enter your confirmation number or PNR number and the
email id which you have used at the time of booking.
 • Emirates web check-in: To initiate your check-in you need to enter your surname
and the PNR number. After the check-in process you will be issued an eBoarding
pass. You can check in online between 48 hours and 90 minutes before departure of
the flight. Make sure that you reach the airport 90 minutes before flight departure.
• Etihad web check in: Beat the queue at the airport as you opt for web check in.
You can check in online between 24 hours to 2 hours before departure. With a few
clicks you can choose the preferred seat, check in and print the boarding pass. You
must report at the boarding gate 45 minutes before departure.

11. BOARDING PASS
 A boarding pass or boarding
card is a document provided by an
airline during check-in, giving a
passenger permission to enter the
restricted area of an airport (also
known as the airside portion of the
airport) and to board the airplane
for a particular flight. At a
minimum, it identifies the
passenger, the flight number, and
the date and scheduled time for
departure. A boarding pass may
also indicate details of the perks a
passenger is entitled to (e.g.
lounge access, priority boarding)
and is thus presented at the
entrance of such facilities to show
eligibility.

12. CUSTOMS AND
IMMIGRATION Crossing international borders usually involves some kind of
checkpoint—and since international airports are the first point
of entry to a new country, they have checkpoints in them
through which travelers must pass before they leave the
airport. Collectively, these are typically referred to as customs
and immigration.
What is the difference between customs and immigration?
“Immigration” is about the people traveling from one country
to another. It’s sometimes called “passport control” or “border
control” depending on the airport. “Customs” is about the stuff
those people are carrying with them.

13. FORMALITIES
 Where to go upon arrival to the Immigration Area of the airport
 Upon arrival and entrance into the immigration area passengers are split into multiple
lines. There is generally a line for host country nationals (people with a passport from
that country), sometimes a line for citizens of the region (EU, ECOWAS, etc), and non-
immigrant visitors. Be sure to enter the correct line to avoid confusion and wasting
your time and the time of the officials.
 When going through immigration in a country in which you are not a host-country
national, you will likely go through the non-immigrant visitor line.
 Do NOT use your cell phone or cameras in the immigration area. Cell phone calls are
not allowed in this area and could be subject to confiscation. It is a good practice to
avoid using any electronics in the immigration and inspection area.
 Stay relaxed. As long as you are honest and pay attention to instructions, there will be
nothing to worry about.

14. STEPS OF IMMIGRATION
PROCESS Review Travel Documents
 Officials will review your required passenger travel documents (passport, visa, green card, disembarkation card (provided by flight
attendant during flight), immunisation documentation, letters of confirmation or support, etc.).
 Questions
 Officials will likely ask you questions (as deemed necessary by the process or official).
 Typical questions:
 What is the nature of your visit? How long are you staying? Where will you be staying?
 Some countries require fingerprints and/or photos of every individual entering the the country. Officials will take fingerprints or
photos if required.
 Official will stamp your passport once you are approved and granted admission.
 Officials can specify your period of authorised stay in case of non-immigrant visitors (this will depend on visa rules/tourist stay
policies).
 Second-Level Inspection
 Some passengers might be selected for second level of inspection. Second-level inspections could be conducted in the same queue
(line) or in a separate room to aid in a conversation and to keep the queues moving for other passengers. The timeframe of these
inspections can vary greatly.
 Passengers that are part of second-level inspections could be granted regular admission into the country once inspection is complete.
However, if the incorrect or inadequate documentation is provided, passengers can be denied approval to enter country. Passengers are
sent back to their original location on the next available flight.
 Reasons for 2nd level inspection:
 random checks
 questions or issues with documentation

15.  Going Through Customs—What Does it Mean?
 After clearing immigration and collecting your baggage,
you will need to proceed through the customs area
before being allowed to exit the airport. Customs is the
authority in the respective country you enter that is
responsible for controlling the flow of goods, including
animals, transports, foods, personal effects,
andhazardous items, into and out of a country.
 Just as each country has an agency that facilitates the
Immigration Process, the country you enter will have its
own laws and regulations regarding the import and export
of goods into and out of a country. It is the responsibility of
the respective customs agency to enforce these policies.
 Many countries are strict about the transfer of soil/sand/dirt
from one country to another—it is important to avoid
introducing non-native organisms. Certain countries will
have strict rules around this transfer and may ask questions
or require you to clean shoes, close, personal effects before
clearing customs.
 For the vast majority of passengers clearing the customs
process only takes a few minutes.
 Some countries have goods that are restricted or forbidden
to be exported and/or imported. Learn more about Customs,
exports and imports.

16.  Customs and Action Steps for Travellers
 While on your flight, your flight attendant will distribute a Customs Declaration Form.
 Most forms ask the point of exit and entry of your flight, your flight number, what goods
you may be bringing into the country (forms might list prohibited items for respective
country).
 Complete the Customs Declaration form while on the flight.
 Ask questions to your flight attendant or traveling companions as needed.
 Declare any goods you have with you that might have restrictions, and/or goods you
purchased in country when returning to your home country.
 Present your declaration form to custom officials.
 Custom officials may or may not inspect your luggage. If they do check your bags and
find restricted items, you may be asked to pay duty and/or fines. This is why it is critical
to declare items as asked and required.
 Each country and airport will have varying processes and requirements for customs and
rules around declaration of items. Review the specific country and airport of entry for
specific customs guidelines.