Global cities play a central role in the processes of globalization as centers of global operations where the effects of these activities are most visible. They are primary nodes in the global economic network and are characterized by concentrations of wealth, growing disconnection from their regions, and large marginalized populations. Global cities act as hubs for international finance, trade, media and innovation and have high percentages of residents employed in services and information sectors. Increased globalization has led to centralization of production in urban centers, driving increases in global cities despite criticisms that they neglect domestic economies and cities within nations.
2. CITIES IN A GLOBALIZING WORLD ALTHOUGH GLOBALIZATION CERTAINLY
affects rural and peri urban areas, global forces are centered in cities.
It is in cities that global operations are centralized and where we can see
most clearly the phenomena associated with their activities, whether it
be changes in the structure of employment, the formation of powerful
partnerships, the development of monumental real estate, the
emergence of new forms of local governance, the effects of organized
crime, the expansion of corruption, the fragmentation of informal
networks or the spatial isolation and social exclusion of certain
population groups.
THE GLOBAL CITY
3. The Global City
- also called world city or sometimes alpha
city or world center, is a city which is a primary node in
the global economic network.
4. THREE KEY TENDENCIES SEEM TO FOLLOW FROM
THESE STRUCTURAL FACTS ABOUT GLOBAL CITIES.
One is a concentration of wealth in the hands of owners,
partners, and professionals associated with the high-
end firms in this system.
Second is a growing disconnection between the city and its region.
Third is the growth of a large marginalized population that has a
very hard time earning a living in the marketplace defined by
these high-end activities
5. CHARACTERISTICS OF A GLOBAL CITY
A variety of international financial services, notably in finance, insurance,
real estate, banking, accountancy, and marketing
Headquarters of several multinational corporations
The existence of financial headquarters, a stock exchange, and major
financial institutions
Domination of the trade and economy of a large surrounding area
Major manufacturing centers with port and container facilities
Considerable decision-making power on a daily basis and at a global level
Centers of new ideas and innovation in business, economics,
culture, and politics
6. CHARACTERISTICS OF A GLOBAL CITY
Centers of media and communications for global networks
Dominance of the national region with great international
significance
High percentage of residents employed in the services
sector and information sector
High-quality educational institutions, including renowned universities,
international student attendance, and research facilities
Multi-functional infrastructure offering some of the best legal,
medical, and entertainment facilities in the country
High diversity in language, culture, religion, and ideologies.
7. REASONS OF INCREASE IN GLOBAL CITIES
The increase in global cities is linked to the globalization
of economies and the centralization of mass production
within urban centers.
CRITICISMS OF GLOBAL CITIES
Despite playing significant roles in the global economy, global city
thesis has been known for being a threat to state-centric
perspectives. These cities have been accused of focusing their reach
to other global cities and neglecting cities within the national
outreach. These cities are more connected to the outside world than
to their domestic economy.
9. DEMOGRAPHICS is the study of a population based
on factors such as age, race and sex.
Governments, corporations and
nongovernment organizations
use demographics to learn
more about a population's
characteristics for many
purposes, including policy
development and economic
market research.
10. HOW DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION IS USED
Most large companies conduct demographic research to
determine how to market their product or service and best capture
the target audience. It is valuable to know the current customer
and where the potential customer may come from in the future.
Demographic trends are also important,
since the size of different demographic
groups changes over time as a result of
economic, cultural and political
circumstances
11. What are the stages of the Demographic Transition Model?
THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
The demographic transition theory is a
generalized description of the changing pattern
of mortality, fertility and growth rates as
societies move from one demographic regime to
another.
The term was first coined by the American
demographer Frank W. Notestein in the
mid-twentieth century, but it has since
been elaborated and expanded upon by
many others.
12. THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
Stage 1: Pre-transition
Characterized by high
birth rates, and high
fluctuating death rates.
Stage 2: Early transition
During the early stages of
the transition, the death
rate begins to fall.
As birth rates remain
high, the population starts
to grow rapidly.
13. THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
Stage 3: Late transition
Birth rates start to
decline.
The rate of population
growth decelerates.
Stage 4: Post-transition
Post-transitional societies
are characterized by low
birth and low death rates.
Population growth is
negligible, or even enters
a decline.
14. LIMITATIONS OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC
TRANSITION MODEL
There are things the DTM cannot reveal:
the impact of other demographic variables
such as migration, are not considered, nor
does the model predict how long a country
will be in each stage. But even so, the
relationship between birth rate and death
rate is an important concept when
discussing population and any patterns,
such as those provided by the DTM, that aid
in understanding are helpful.
16. GLOBAL MIGRATION
Most global migration is from developing countries to
developed ones.
Global migration can be understood as a cause and effect
relationship, though the causes are just as numerous as their effects.
People move across international borders for a variety of reasons
Why do people move?
is a situation in which people go to live in foreign
countries, especially to find work.
17. Why do people move?
ECONOMIC REASONS
Lack of employment opportunities or differentials in employment
opportunities and wages; the lure of a well-paid job in a wealthy country
is a powerful driver of international migration.
Lack of educational institutions across developing countries has
also tremendously contributed to the reasons for migration.
POLITICAL REASONS
The unattractiveness of agricultural activities, disasters, lack of basic
amenities (roads, electricity, portable water, and inadequate health care
facilities) and industrial ventures in countries have also encouraged
international migration.
18. Why do people move?
SOCIAL FACTORS
Socially factors are things that affect someone's lifestyle. These
could include wealth, religion, buying habits, education level, family size
and structure and population density.
CULTURAL FACTORS
The idea of culture is vital to understanding the implications for
translation and, despite the differences of opinion as to whether
language is a part of culture or not, the two are connected. Culture range
from syntax, ideologies, religion, language and dialect, to art and literacy.
19. Why do people move?
PUSH-PULL FACTOR
In geographical terms, the push-pull factors are those that drive
people away from a place and draw people to a new location. A
combination of push-pull factors helps determine migration or
immigration of particular populations from one land to another.
Push Factors: Reasons to Leave
Factors that help migrants decide to leave their home.
Pull Factors: Reasons to Migrate
Factors that attract people and area where
immigrants are going.
20. Migration affects both the place of origin and the place of
destination on the various aspects such as environmental
aspects, economic aspects, health and social aspects.
• Environmental aspects:
Migration of people has the direct effect on both, the place of origin
and the place of destination. Problems like settlement, over-exploitation
of resources, and the pollution of different kinds will be visible.
• Economic aspects:
The consequence on the place of origin will be a loss of economically
active groups of the population.
21. Migration affects both the place of origin and the place of
destination on the various aspects such as environmental
aspects, economic aspects, health and social aspects.
• Health and social aspect:
The places of destination are normally those places where facilities
are made available to a limited extent so as to fulfill the needs of the
native dwellers. However, the places overcrowd with the constant flow of
migrants, and facilities and other needs become insufficient.
23. An Overseas Filipino Worker (Filipino: Pilipino sa Ibayong-dagat) is a person
of Filipino origin who lives outside the Philippines. This term applies to
Filipinos who are abroad indefinitely as citizens or as permanent residents
of a different country and to those Filipino citizens abroad for a limited,
definite period, such as on a work contract or as students.
OFWs
The life of "OFW" is not easy, they work to foreign country and sacrifice.
They go and find a job there, so that they will be able to earn money to
support the daily needs and give a better future to their family left here
in the Philippines.
