Situated by the western shore of Europe, bordering the Atlantic Ocean. Portugal has always been a land apart, on the fringe, sometimes the forgotten hem of Europe. Its identity as an separated nation had established its frontiers as long ago as the 13C, even though there are no insurmountable barriers separate it from Spain. The independent spirit of this small country, was to turn into the unknown world, with its discovery of the sea route to India. It became the first global empire and sea routes connect Portugal to all parts of the world. Began in the early 20C, Portugal began to transform itself into a modern. This proved to be a long journey. In 1910 the monarchy was overthrown. Portugal existed briefly as a republic. Then followed by 40 years of repressive dictatorship. Since 1976 Portugal has finally free itself and became a democracy. In 1986. it joined the European Community. Now for the first time in 500 years, Portugal began to look to a future within Europe. Today Portugal has recovered from the deficit financing policy. It has a surplus in 2016 and the country is enjoying “sustained strong growth”. Today its service sector makes up three quarters of the gross value added (GVA), provided a quarter of the jobs. Fisheries and agriculture has 22% of the GVA and providing 25% of the jobs.

1. Lisbon
First created 27 Mar 2019. Version 1.0 14 Apr 2018. Daperro. London.
Belem Tower completed in 1515...
The Coolest Capital in Europe

2. Discovery of India.
Lisbon is a very old city dating back to 1200BC, as a Phoenician trading post. After the discovery of the
sea route to India, Lisbon became one of the wealthiest city in Europe. Above is a tapestry
commissioned by Manuel I (reign 1495-1521) to commemorate the discovery of India by Vasco de
Gama.

3. Comercio Square
Portugal with her vast empire stretch from Brazil to Africa, India and the Far East, Lisbon became an international
trading hub of Europe. Trading ships moored just off the Comercio Square Lisbon, in the 18th century

4. Comercio Square
This is the Comercio Square of Lisbon today. It was a palace-site for 400 years. Today it is surrounded by government
buildings, hotels and stalls.

5. Comercio Square
The equestrian statue of King Joao I in Praca do Comercio, at night.

6. The Triumphal arch
The Triumphal Arch leading into the Praca do Comercio, from Baixa, the leisure district of the city.

7. Ceramic Tiles
Very colourful painted tiles in a Metro station.

8. The Earthquake of 1755
In 1755, Lisbon suffered one of the most devastating earthquake in the country. It was an earthquake followed by a
tsunami, fires and floods. The epicentre was in the Atlantic south of the Algarve. After the earthquake Lisbon was
redesigned, based on a modern street grid plan.

9. Ruin of Carmo Church
It is estimated that the 1755
earthquake was an magnitude 9
earthquake. When the earthquake
stroked over 20 churches collapsed.
One of these churches Is the 14C
Igreja do Carmo. The church can be
reached by taking the Elevador de
Santa Justa.

10. Ruin of Carmo Church
The Ruin of Carmo Church on the hill looking over the Baixa area, the city centre of Lisbon.

11. Elevador de Santa Justa
The Elevador de Santa Justa with its neo-gothic motif, was opened in 1902. It is an elevator or lift. It is now an iconic
site of the city. The design reflects the arrival of the Industrial Age.

12. Elevador de Santa Justa
A ride on the Elevador de Santa Justa takes tourists to the ruin of Carmo Church.

13. Elevador de Santa Justa
The structure is made of steel, a new building material for construction. Two lifts were installed inside the tower

14. The Calcada Portuguese, pavement art is a traditional-style pavement coverings using small flat pieces of stone arranged
in pattern or images.
Calcada Portuguese or Portuguese Pavement

15. Rossio Railways Station.
Rossio Railway station is the eye-catching Neo Manueline building with horse-shoe arched doorways.

16. Rossio Railways Station.
The horseshoe arch design is a typical feature of Moorish architect.

17. Pedestrian zone in Baixa
A side street and a pedestrian zone in Baixa, lined with restaurants and shops for tourists.

18. Restauradores Square
Restauradores Square is the heart of the city entertainment area.

19. Restauradores Square
Restauradores Square with the Rossio Railway station on the top right (not visible). The large building on the top left is
the city’s concert hall.

20. Marquis of Pombal Square
Further north of Restauradores Square is the Marquis of Pombal Square, who lay down the city plan for Lisbon.

21. Marquis of Pombal Square
The Marquis de Pombal was given the responsibility for rebuilding Lisbon, after the earthquake. He re-aligned the city
to the north-south axis and created the grid streets-plan for the heart of the city, Baixa.

22. Teatro Nacionale Dona Maria II in Rossio.
Rossio

23. Rossio
Rossio. This lively square is the social focal point, cafes, pastelarias and shops, in the midst of Neo-Classical buildings.

24. Alfama District
Packed with alleyways and old houses, the Alfama district, was once the most desirable quarter of the city. It was
once the Arab quarter of the city, when the Moors ruled the city.

25. Se, the cathedral
The 12C Se is the cathedral of the city. It is the simplest and plain cathedral.

26. Se, the cathedral
The roof over the nave of the cathedral. It was built in 1150, after the recapture of the city from the Moors, over the
old mosque for the bishop of Lisbon, the English crusader Gilbert of Hastings.

27. The Castle of St George was built in the
mid-11th century, during the Moorish
period, on the top of the hill. The castle
housed military troops in case of a siege.
In the heart of the castle is the Keep, with
its many towers and parts of the ruin of
royal residence can still be seen.
Castelo de Sao Jorge.

28. Castelo de Sao Jorge.
This is a view of the opposite bank of the Tejo river, where heavy industries are located. At this point the river is
more like a bay.

29. Castelo de Sao Jorge.
Entrance to the Keeps and the towers of the castle.

30. Castelo de Sao Jorge.
A series of arches marked where the royal residence once located.

31. Castelo de Sao Jorge.
A pair of stone lions probably stood guard at the entrance to the royal residence.

32. Castelo de Sao Jorge.
The St George castle perched on a hill overlooking the city.

33. View of the Rio Tejo (Tagus River)
A view of the River Tejo with the Christ the King statue on the left and the 25th of April Bridge in the distance. From
the terraces of the castle. You can take panorama pictures of the city. It is well worth a visit.

34. Cacilhas
Cacilhas is situated on the opposite bank of the Rio Tejo to Lisbon. Along its shore were lined with abandoned old
warehouses. It is easy to image that these warehouses were once used to hold exotic goods and precious spices from
the Portuguese colonies for the European market.

35. Inspired by the Redeemer Statue in Rio de Janeiro, this huge status of Christ King was built in 2006, on the opposite
bank of the River Tagus (Rio Tejo).
Christ the King Statue

36. Sunset at Rio Tejo
The 25th of April bridge spanning across the Tagus River (Rio Tejo) at sunset. It was completed in 1966. The bridge is
named after the day Portugal became a democracy by getting rid of the military junta.

37. Bacalhau
Bolinhos de bacalhau, salted cod deep fry with mashed potatoes in crispy fritters. It is usually served on paper to soak
up the excess oil.

38. Belem Tower
Eyewitness Travel Guide, illustration.
Build as a fortress between 1515 and 1521.
It was the starting point for the navigators,
who set out to discover the trade routes. The
exterior is beautifully decorated with
balconies, Moorish style watchtowers and
distinctive battlements in the shape of shields.

39. Belem Tower

40. Belem Tower
The dungeon of the lower floor was also used as a gun deck. The shield-like battlements on top, accompanied by the
Moorish watch tower.

41. Padrao dos Descobrimentos
The monument was built 1960 to commemorate the 500 anniversary of the discovery of the route to India by Vasco da
Gama.

42. Discoveries Monument
On the head of the entourage is Henry the Navigator, who planned, financed and directed the expeditions.

43. Discoveries Monument
A huge mosaic on the approach to the Discoveries Monument, showing all the compass points, with a map of discoveries
marked with dates of the Portuguese first contact.

44. Jeronimos Monastery.
The monastery opened in 1495. It was built in the Manueline Gothic style and commissioned soon after the return of
Vasco da Gama from India.

45. Jeronimos Monastery.
The monastery on the right and the modern wing on the left houses the Museu Nacional de Arqueologia..

46. Jeronimos Monastery.
The church survived the 1755
earthquake despite its slender columns .
The interior is surprisingly in both its size
and the delicate decoration in typical
Manueline themes.

47. Jeronimos Monastery.
The cloister is pure Manueline. It was completed in 1544 and richly carved and decorated arches and balustrades.

48. Jeronimos Monastery.
The portal is covered with exuberant decorations. The Monastery was built on the new found ‘pepper money’.

49. Tin Sardines
The popular Portuguese sardines tins with many favours on offer.

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Available free for non-commercial and personal use.
The
End
Music – La Reine De Saba
Henry the Navigator who planned, financed and directed the discovery of the sea route to Asia from Portugal.

52. Powerpoints on Places