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Animal Communication Types
- 1. Dr. Jeni Padua, PhD. Visiting Researcher, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo,Spain Erasmus Mundus Euphrates Fellow, European Commission Indian Science Academies’ SR Fellow-CCMB, Hyderabad Dean of Sciences, Holy Cross College, Nagercoil, India.
- 2. ANIMAL COMMUNICATION •Animal communication is the “passing on” of information between two animals. •The animal which sends the information is called the Signaller and the animal that receives the signal is called the Receiver. •Animal communication is also known as Biological communication.
- 3. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION Intraspecific communication • Communication within a single species. Eg. Honeybee dance Interspecific communication • Prey to predator. Eg. warning colouration in wasps • Predator to prey Some predators communicate to the prey to make it easier to catch them, in effect deceiving them. Eg. Angler fish, Human/animal communication during domestication of animals
- 4. BASIC COMPONENTS •Signaller : An individual emitting the signal. •Reciever : An individual receiving the signal •Signal : The behavioural response of the signaller •Channels : A pathway through which a signal travels. (ie means of communication) •Visual •Auditory •Chemical •Tactile •Electrical
- 5. VISUAL COMMUNICATION •Information transmitted by visual means is called visual communication. •The visual signals may be given by various means like movement, posture or shape of the body, Facial expressions, colour identification, light etc. •Ex: Tail feather displays of male peacocks,Visual communication in Bees
- 6. AUDITORY COMMUNICATION •Sending information from one member to another by sound production is called auditory signal or bioacoustic signal. •Ex. Calls of mammals and birds – vocal origin; •sound produced by crickets in rhythmic oscillation of forewings.
- 7. CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION • Molecules used for chemical communication between individual animals are called pheromones. • Pheromones are involved in mate identification, marking territory, alarm spreading etc. • Pheromones include Alarm pheromones, Sex pheromones and Trail pheromones
- 8. TACTILE COMMUNICATION •Information transmitted in the form of physical contact (touch signal) is called tactile communication. •Antennae of ants, termites and honeybees are involved in this process •Eg. Female primates often hold and frequently cuddle their young ones to establish a bond Two worker ants in tactile communication
- 9. ELECTRICAL SIGNALS •It is a means of communication in some fishes. •Torpedo (Electric ray), and sharks (Scyliorhinus caniculus) have electro receptors that are used in communication. Ex. Electric fish communicate information about species identity and sex, by discharging an electric field/current.
- 10. SURFACE VIBRATIONS •In some animals information may be communicated by patterns of surface vibrations. •Eg. Water spider sends out ripples of certain frequency. Receptive females respond to this by moving towards the source.
- 11. THANKYOU Dr. Jeni Padua, PhD. Visiting Researcher, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo,Spain Erasmus Mundus Euphrates Fellow, European Commission Indian Science Academies’ SR Fellow-CCMB, Hyderabad Dean of Sciences, Holy Cross College, Nagercoil, India.