The Vernonia School District implemented a policy of random drug testing for student athletes after seeing an increase in drug use among students. James Acton was denied participation in football for refusing to consent to the drug testing. Acton and his parents sued, claiming the policy violated the 4th Amendment's prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures. The Supreme Court ultimately ruled that the school district's policy was constitutional because students have reduced privacy rights and schools have a duty to care for minors' well-being.