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99講習會打擊基本動作龔榮堂
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棒球打擊基本技術 國立體育大學球類運動技術學系 棒球專長訓練教師
龔 榮 堂 03-3283201-2432
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揮棒動作模式表
階 段 部 位 預備階段 用力階段 加速階段 完成階段 手腕 不動 左手拉 右手推 左手由內側翻轉至外側 右手推向投手轉向 左手向外、右手向內旋轉 手肘 不動 左手肘微彎於胸前 右手微彎於體側 左肘體側前拉右手體側前推 左、右手體側前方伸直 由伸旋轉至屈 肩部 後移側對投手 向來球方向旋轉 左肩加速向後拉 右肩向前推 停止旋轉保持水平 髖關節 向後移動 向來球方向旋轉 左側逆時鐘向後拉 右側向前推 停止旋轉保持水平 膝關節 左膝向後移 右膝不動微彎 左膝向前伸 右膝不動 左膝外旋 右膝加速內旋 左膝伸直 右膝微彎 腳部 左腳提腳跟向右側移動 右腳不動 左腳前滑步 右腳內側部向下用力 左腳尖向下用力旋轉至 45 度腳跟不動 右腳提腳跟逆時鐘旋轉腳尖向下用力 左腳向下用力踩停止旋轉 右腳掌踩地提腳跟支撐 身體停止旋轉
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謝謝 !
Editor's Notes
優秀的打擊者必須能維持打擊準備姿勢的平衡、輕鬆及舒適的要求。所以打擊者須以手指的根部與掌緣握棒即可,且握棒的角度通常與身體垂直軸成 45 度角,雙手、手肘皆不可離身體太遠,以輕鬆的靠近身體並能使雙臂靈活的自由活動,做出完整的揮棒動作為原則;在腿的部分,則維持約身體重量之 60% 於後腿,雙腳的站法又有開放式 (the open stance) 、封閉式 (the close stance) 、平行式 (the square stance) 之分,打擊者可依個人的條件採適當的站法。
當投手進入向後揮臂的動作時,打擊者須開始移動身體重量與手臂往後至攻擊部位,雙手縮回至後腿上方,並移轉約身體重量的 60% 於彎曲的後腿上,如此可增加揮棒動作的韻律與流暢性,同時更能增加揮棒的速度與力量。
當投手將球投出的同時,打擊者須將身體重量迅速前移,一般的打擊者通常以 4-6 英吋的跨步動作,進行此身體橫向的運動。研究顯示,有限度的加大跨步距離,可增加揮棒擊球的速度,但必須要有相對夠強的肌力,以維持身體平衡及進行雙手迅速的揮擊;以滑步的方式進行此動作過程,較抬腿跨步的方式有更好的效果;跨步會受不同球路的影響,如內角快速直球時,跨步通常會稍微向外,以增加揮棒擊球的動量,外角球時在跨步擊球前,臀部須維持封閉的位置,太早轉腰將導致揮擊時,球棒與球無法有效碰撞,而有較大的打擊盲點。
揮擊的秘訣在於打擊者上半身動作的精密協調與配合,以及下半身穩定的維持身體之平衡;同時雙眼應準確的盯住來球,直至球棒擊中球後;肩部在揮擊啟動以前,始終維持封閉的姿勢,且前肩指向投手的方向,直至雙手向前揮擊時,方迅速張開;雙手須適度伸直,確保球棒之肥大位置鉦 [ 蓋本壘板的寬度;揮棒應掌握微向下揮擊的要領,擊球瞬間握棒之雙手幾乎於同一高度;揮擊力量的來源是由雙腳啟動,帶動臀部旋轉,進而扭腰轉身。力量是由下肢、軀幹、上半身循序傳達至上肢,最後藉由雙手加速並傳達軀幹快速旋轉之強大動量於球棒上。
餘勢動作雖對已擊出球之反彈速度、方向等無作用,但可使揮擊動作更為流暢、自然並可避免傷害;當球棒揮過擊球點,雙手順勢往上抬至前肩旁,以利減緩球棒速度及結束整個揮擊動作;餘勢動作需維持身體平衡及連結起跑動作。 Breen(1967) 的研究指出, 揮擊時間 可視為大聯盟選手打擊優劣之指標;並發現大聯盟選手打擊率未達 0.300 的選手,均有較長之揮擊時間及較短之決策時間;打擊率達 0.300 的選手則有較短之揮擊時間及較長之決策時間;研究結果顯示如下圖 2-1 所示:
Williams( 1986) 對優秀職棒打擊者進行揮棒動作速度 (speed of movement) 的分析,研究後指出這些打者能夠在 0.23 秒或更短的時間內完成一次揮棒的動作,平均一次揮棒時間僅要 0.28 秒。
沒有直接揮擊棒球,獨自持用球棒揮動,揮球棒的練習稱之為空揮棒練習。這是棒球打擊技術中最基本原始能力養成方法。 揮棒時並非只使用自身常用球棒,事實上揮棒時,可有多種揮棒訓練效果。其效果端賴自身對練習的目的設定而成。 使用不同重量揮有 1. 用重一點球棒揮 ( 如加重棒鐵棒等。缺點、優點、目的。 ) 2. 用輕一點球棒揮 ( 如教練棒、木桿、竹桿等。缺點、優點、目的。 ) 使用不同球棒揮有 1. 長一點球棒揮目的。 2. 短一點球棒揮。 調整半身的揮棒法有 1. 以物品固定雙手肘,或以器材夾在腋下等。 2. 單手揮棒練習左右各一手使用,目的。 調整下半身的揮棒方法有 1.
擊出球後通常會犯錯誤 滾地球安打時,通過一壘往二壘跑的轉身重點 1. 跑本一壘中心點左右才開始劃弧轉彎。 2. 跑彎曲線時左手曲肘劃較小弧,右手肘要畫較大弧線。 3. 意識到旋轉時左肩有側身要倒地的感覺,與地面程瑞角度。 4. 轉身到左 ( 右 ) 腳踩盜壘包內側時要用力蹬壘包,以順暢腳步通過為優先不要在意任何一腳步踩壘。在此點上不要有減速的情況。 5. 利用腰部鈕力快速轉身,轉身後要以接近於直線的路徑前往二壘,受到向心力的影響會有迴轉向外力量應盡量避免造成太大的弧線。
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