3. 5 Essential Questions ? Are GMOs safe? How successful has cloning been? What are some of the major cloning companies in America? Who is the largest GMO producer? Are there laws banning GMOs? ? ?
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6. GMOs Changing the genes Very common in America First put on markets in 1990s Some think good, some bad No known long term health affects Some severe short term ones In most of all corn and soybean crops
7. Sugar beets Tomatoes Salmon Alfalfa Current Events
8. Frankenfish GM salmon First of its kind Not animal, animal drug Cross of Chinook salmon and eel-like ocean pout Grows twice as fast
9. Alfalfa Roundup ready Made by Monsanto Allowing more roundup to be sprayed 1% of all alfalfa is organic
13. Monsanto Founder/President Herbicide Glyphosate Genetically engineered (GE) seed Fun Fact: Monsanto was voted the most evil company in the world, by natural news, it got 51% of the votes, beating BP, Wal-Mart, McDonalds!
48. Effects on the economy Economic factors effecting GMO’s Economic concerns with GMO’s
49. Essential answer #1 Q. Are GMOs safe? A. Although GMOs are very common in the American society they are very dangerous. Scientists have conducted a experiment on rats because there anatomy is similar to us humans and the rats had heart and organ failure. So are GMO’s safe? I have just answered no they are not.
50. Essential answer #2 Q. How successful has cloning been? A. Some animals have been successfully cloned, such as Dolly the sheep, and an endangered species of ox
51. Essential answer #3 Q. What are some of the major cloning companies in America? A. Cyagra, and Advanced Cell Technology are some companies that are researching cloning.
52. Q. Who is the largest GMO producer? A. Monsanto is the largest GMO producer. Essential answer #4
53. Essential answer #5 Q. Are there any laws banning GMOs? A. Yes there are some, in other countries and in America, as in my maps.
57. Farm lady we talked to Genetically Modified Foods: Debating Biotechnology Written By: Michael Ruse Market development for genetically modified foods Written By: Robert Evenson Bibliography (Other)
GeoThe green, gming is allowed, The red, gming is bannedGray, no info
GeographyGreen states- there are some rules and regulations on gmo plants, not free for allGray- tried to add rules and regulations, but failed and didn’t pass.
Court fight about stopping gm sugar beetsModified to resistant to herbicide, roundup, making it easier to control weedsSuspendedCausing a shortage
St. Louis, Missouri, U.S. (1901)Founder= John Francis QueenyChairman/CEO= Hugh GrantIt is the world's leading producer of the herbicide glyphosate, marketed as "Roundup". So basically its weed killerMonsanto is also the leading producer of genetically engineered (GE) seed; it provides the technology in 90% of the world's genetically engineered seeds.
Monsanto opens the Water Utilization Learning Center in Gothenburg, Nebraska. The facility is the first of its kind in agriculture and focuses on how to maintain or increase crop productivity by maximizing the crop’s water use – and what are the tools farmers need to do this.Monsanto announces its three-point commitment to sustainable agriculture. This commitment includes: helping farmers double yield in corn, soybeans and cotton by 2030, compared to a base year of 2000; developing seeds that will reduce by one-third per unit produced the aggregate amount of key resources, such as land, water and energy, required to grow crops by 2030; improving the lives of farmers, including an additional five million people in resource-poor farm families, Monsanto and Dow AgroSciences announce a cross-licensing agreement aimed at launching SmartStax™, the industry’s first-ever eight-gene stacked combination in corn.Roundup Ready® Corn 2 technology is planted on more than 32 million acres – or about 40 percent of U.S. corn acres – during the 2006 crop season.
Our PledgeThe Monsanto Pledge is our commitment to how we do business. It is a declaration that compels us to listen more, to consider our actions and their impact broadly, and to lead responsibly. It helps us to convert our values into actions, and to make clear who we are and what we champion.Integrity Integrity is the foundation for all that we do. Integrity includes honesty, decency, consistency, and courage. Building on those values, we are committed to:Dialogue We will listen carefully to diverse points of view and engage in thoughtful dialogue. We will broaden our understanding of issues in order to better address the needs and concerns of society and each other.Transparency We will ensure that information is available, accessible, and understandable.Sharing We will share knowledge and technology to advance scientific understanding, to improve agriculture and the environment, to improve crops, and to help farmers in developing countries.Benefits We will use sound and innovative science and thoughtful and effective stewardship to deliver high-quality products that are beneficial to our customers and to the environment.Respect We will respect the religious, cultural, and ethical concerns of people throughout the world. The safety of our employees, the communities where we operate, our customers, consumers, and the environment will be our highest priority.Act as Owners to Achieve Results We will create clarity of direction, roles, and accountability; build strong relationships with our customers and external partners; make wise decisions; steward our company resources; and take responsibility for achieving agreed-upon results.Create a Great Place to Work We will ensure diversity of people and thought; foster innovation, creativity and learning; practice inclusive teamwork; and reward and recognize our people.
Chairmen= Martin TaylorCEO= Michael MAckwhich notably markets seeds and pesticides.Leader in crop protection. That’s really pesticides and other things that keep the crop protected. ranks third in total sales in the commercial agricultural seeds market.
Monsanto will be dumping 60,000 seed sacks (475 tons) of hybrid corn seeds and vegetable seeds on Haiti, seeds doused with highly toxic fungicides such as thiram, known to be extremely dangerous to farm workers. Hybrid seeds, like GMO seeds (in contrast to Creole heirloom or organic seeds) require lots of water, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides. In addition, if a small farmer tries to save hybrid seeds after harvest, hybrid seeds usually do not “breed true” or grow very well in the second season, forcing the now-indentured peasant to buy seeds from Monsanto or one of the other hybrid/GMO seed monopolies in perpetuity.The occupation occurred on the 14th of March, 2006, after the Via Campesina learned that Syngenta had illegally planted genetically modified (GMO) soy at the site, situated within a protected boundary zone of the Iguaçu Falls National Park, which was declared the Patrimony of Humanity by the United Nations in 1986. This occupation is a non-violent method for Brazil’s rural poor and disenfranchised to demand that Brazil’s natural resources be used to produce food and livelihoods for Brazilians –
Avicta® Complete Cotton offers growers an innovative and convenient seed-delivered technology designed to effectively protect cotton seedlings against all early season pests ― nematodes, insects and diseases.ALTO® is a broad-spectrum triazole fungicide highly effective against rust, powdery mildew and leaf spot diseases and is registered worldwide for use on a wide range of arable fruit and vegetable crops as well as turf grasses.CRUISER seed treatment is an innovative, environmentally safe insecticide, which provides instant, early-season, broad-spectrum pest control, thereby enhancing plant vigor and crop yield potential.
Made july 5th 1996 First mammal to be cloned from an adult animal so this is a bid deal back then.Dolly lived for her entire life at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh. There she was bred with a Welsh Mountain ram and produced six lambs in total. Her first lamb, named Bonnie, was born in April 1998.[3] The next year Dolly produced twin lambs Sally and Rosie, and she gave birth to triplets Lucy, Darcy and Cotton in the year after that.[10] In the autumn of 2001, at the age of fiveOn 14 February 2003, Dolly was euthanised because she had a progressive lung disease and severe arthritis. Finn Dorset such as Dolly has a life expectancy of around 11 to 12 years, but Dolly lived to be only six years of age. A post-mortem examination showed she had a form of lung cancer called Jaagsiekte, which is a fairly common disease of sheep and is caused by the retrovirus JSRV. Roslin scientists stated that they did not think there was a connection with Dolly being a clone, and that other sheep in the same flock had died of the same disease. Such lung diseases are a particular danger for sheep kept indoors, and Dolly had to sleep inside for security reasons.
CEO/Chairman=Mr. Gary RabinThis company successfully cloned calves and an endangered ox, the guar. They are the only company in the United States to openly pursue the highly controversial therapeutic human embryo cloning. They also are focusing a lot of their research on human embryonic stem cells and towards that end moved their headquarters to California,extract embryonic stem cells without destroying the actual embryo, deriving a stem cell line using a process similar to preimplantation genetic diagnosis, in which a single blastomere is extracted from a blastocyst.[6] This technical achievement would potentially enable scientists to work with new lines of embryonic stem cells derived using public funding.
Mariano MedinaVery big on cloning like ACT
Top contributor of livestock cloning. The reason they do this is because to get a cow that makes good babies or you bought that cattle to breed and he gets hurt so you would want to clone him to get him back
Expect more GMO’s and more cloning with livestockThe goals of the company’s is to make more money so there going to make more GMO’s and clone moreThe fears are that all the GMO and clone food is bad for you and gives you something like CANCER!!!!Hopes for people that don’t like this is that they’ll be banned and make America healthier!
European plant scientists begin using Gregory Mendel's genetic theory to manipulate and improve plant species. This is called "classic selection." A plant of one variety is crossed with a related plant to produce desired characteristics.
Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen combine their research to create the first successful recombinant DNA organism.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approves the first genetically engineered drug, Genentech's Humulin, a form of human insulin produced by bacteria. This is the first consumer product developed through modern bioengineering.
Calgene's Favr Savr tomato, engineered to remain firm for a longer period of time, is approved for commercial production by the US Department of Agriculture.
The FDA declares that genetically engineered foods are "not inherently dangerous" and do not require special regulation.
International Biosafety Protocol is approved by 130 countries at the Convention on Biological Diversity in Montréal, Canada. The protocol agrees upon labeling of genetically engineered crops, but still needs to be ratified by 50 nations before it goes into effect.
Hans Spemann (1935 Nobel Prize in medicine) conducted the first nuclear transfer experiment by splitting a two-celled salamander embryo into separate cells. Each cell developed into a salamander.
Tong Dizhou created the first cloned fish (asian carp)
The first mammal was cloned from a cell of an adult animal. Ian Wilmut (Roslin Institute) created the sheep Dolly
the first cloned dog
Although gene flow is a naturally occurring process, some fear that the transfer of the genes of GMO might cause environmental problems. Many of the GMO used widely in agriculture have been engineered with novel genes for attributes such as herbicide resistance and insect resistance. Genetic modifications often give the GM crop a competitive advantage. If a GM crop “escapes” from its field it has the potential to replace its non-GM counterpart. This is especially a problem when many related non-GM species are native to the area the crop is planted in. When the genes from the GM crop leave the field in which they were planted there are plants that fill a similar niche with which they will compete, and because the GM crop has the advantage, they may take over.On the other hand, environmental benefits of such modification include protection against insect damage, herbicide tolerance for innovative farming, reduction in the amount of land needed for agriculture, conservation of resources through use of less labor, fuel, fertilizer and water, water quality protection, and protection against plant diseases. Although GMO are engineered to possess genes not normally found in that organism, the DNA incorporated into the genomes of GMO is taken from other living organisms that possess a desirable trait. Therefore, the genes incorporated into the genome of engineered organisms are already in the process of gene transfer from their original hosts to countless other organisms in the environment.There is no simple answer. It depends on the crop, the modification, the environment the crop is planted in, and the way people respond to it. First, let’s define biodiversity. There are two components of biodiversity. The first is the number of different species in an area, or the species richness; the other is a measure of the diversity within a species, or genetic diversity. A monoculture is a field planted with genetically similar individuals. Traditional agriculture makes use of monocultures by replacing a field that had many species with a field containing only one: just rice, just corn, etc. GM crops take this one step farther. Not only is the field planted with only one species, but all the individuals within the species are genetically identical because they all came from one genetically modified source plant. Aside from the fact that monocultures inherently contain very little genetic diversity, they also make the crop species vulnerable to invasion by insects, fungus, etc.
Monsanto was founded in 1901 in St. Louis , Missouri, and has had an interesting history. Perhaps most notably, Monsanto was one of many manufacturers of Agent Orange, an herbicide used in Vietnam and later discovered to be the root cause of thousands of birth defects. Predictably, the company has worked hard to shake off the images associated with Agent Orange. For example, anyone traveling to Monsanto’s website will first encounter this quote: “If there were one word to explain what Monsanto is about, it would have to be farmers.” While the quote certainly is positive and great for business, it hardly captures the breadth of Monsanto, its true interests, or the business it’s engaged in. In brief, Monsanto is an agricultural biotechnology corporation, which basically means it genetically modifies food/plant commodities worldwide: hence the acronym GMO, meaning genetically modified organisms. Essentially, Monsanto makes plants both more likely to survive herbicide spraying, as well as produce their own pesticides. Supposedly, this is to lead to bigger yields, to reduce need for herbicides, and to increase nutrition. Many watchdog groups like the Alliance for Bio-Integrity question these claims, and point to insufficient research to back them. Today, Monsanto has a hand in creating over half of the country’s food and produce supply.
Due to the costs associated with bringing GM agricultural technology to market, biotechnology companies have initially focused on developing profitable crops with readily apparent economic benefits. These benefits have come in the form of lower average production costs or increase in revenue due to higher yield or quality of genetically engineered crops. Traits conferring herbicide resistance as well as insect resistance have been readily adopted by many US farmers. These traits have the potential to reduce the average cost of production and simplify the process of pest management. Some critics of biotechnology are concerned about the fact that monetary interests have been a driving factor in the development of GM technologies, and question whether a technology driven by profit margins will ever have the potential to be used for humanitarian applications. Developing countries often have very different climates, soils, and agricultural practices than the locations in which GM crops were originally developed, and some people question whether GM crops could actually be profitable for third world agriculture. Some are concerned about the concentration of GM technology into a few large multinational companies. They feel that biotech companies may monopolize agriculture, and thus pose a threat to the sustainability of rural communities. The patenting of biotechnology, such as Monsanto's near-monopoly on corn, leads many to expect that companies will charge higher seed prices or a technology fee such that small farmers may find that the relative increase in yield will not offset the additional costs of licensing GM technologies. In addition, some individuals worry about becoming dependent on biotech companies, particularly with the introduction of terminator technologies, or seeds that must be bought each year as opposed to sown from the previous year's harvest. This has led to a black market in GMO sees in some countries. Internationally, many countries – in particular the European Union – have expressed a reluctance to accept GM food and feed grains, in contrast to the quick adoption of GM agriculture by US farmers. The result of this is some countries have been hesitant to use GM, knowing their customers may not by their products. Consumer groups have pressed to ban GM foods and grains, and lobbied for increased regulation and labeling of GM products. Others argue that non-GM food marketers, especially organic food producers are looking for ways to justify charging more for their ‘GM-free’ products.
GeoThe green, gming is allowed, The red, gming is bannedGray, no info
GeographyGreen states- there are some rules and regulations on gmo plants, not free for allGray- tried to add rules and regulations, but failed and didn’t pass.
