5. MUTATION
A natural process that changes the
DNA structure of an organism,
resulting to new characteristics
Changes in Genetic Code
6. Causes of mutation
1. Spontaneous mutation
something went wrong in the process
of replicating or forming the gametes
2. Induced mutations
environment: radiation , chemicals,
high temperatures, microbial infections
7. Types of Mutation
1. Gene mutation
only a single gene is affected which
happens during the replication of DNA.
2. Chromosomal mutations
any change in the number or structure
of a chromosome.
12. 1. Gene Mutation
2. Frame shift Mutation
Involves the insertion or deletion of a
nucleotide in the DNA sequence that
changes codons. The shift may
produce different amino acids and
proteins.
47. Diagnosing Genetic Disorders
There are several ways to determine whether a
child will have a genetic disorder
Two main ways to diagnose:
Analysis of fetal cells
Amniocentesis
Chorionic villus biopsy
Imaging techniques
Ultrasonography (computerized image)
Fetoscopy (direct observation)