Presentation / slides on Tattvarth Sutra. This was presented by Jain Center of Greater Boston at the Toronto JAINA convention and later presented at Harvard and other Jain Centers.

1. Mini-Presentation
Essence of
Jainism
-
Tattvartha
Sutra
Jain Center of Greater Boston
Version A1.0, November 1998
C 1997 by The Jain Center of Greater Boston., Inc. All rights reserved.

2. Jain Center of Boston
t Yogendra Jain (Coordinator)
t Dr. Sanjay Jain
t Manish Kasliwal
t Parimal Pandya
t Archit Shah
t Nitin Sogani
t Preeti Jain (Graphics)

3. Tattvartha Sutra
t Teachings of Mahavira
t Scripture to learn All That Is
(Jain Religion, Ethics,
Philosophy)
t Written by (Acharya) Umasvati
in the second century
t Translated by Dr. Nathmal
Tatia
t Accepted by all Jain Sects

4. Author’s Assumptions
Liberation t The Goal of Human Life is
Liberation
t Liberation is Perfect
Knowledge, Perfect
Intuition, and Eternal Bliss
t
All Knowledge is Partial
Truth Except Omniscience
Omniscience

5. Author’s Assumptions
Liberation t The Goal of Human Life is
Liberation
t Liberation is Perfect
Knowledge, Perfect
Intuition, and Eternal Bliss
t
All Knowledge is Partial
Truth Except Omniscience
Omniscience

6. Roots of Tattvartha Sutra
500 BC Mahavira’s Teachings
<< transmitted by his disciples>>
100 AD Written in Sanskrit by Umaswati
1900’s: Several English Translations
1997 : Toronto Jain Convention: First multi-media
presentation by Jain Center of Greater Boston

7. Our Agenda
(Part 1) (Part 2)
t Introduction t Karmic Bondage
t Who Am I t Inhibiting and
t Enlightened Person Wearing off Karma
t Six Universal Sub. t Vows
t Knowledge t 14 Gunsthans
t Anekantvad t Meditation
t Soul’s Link to the t Liberation
World t Discussions
<Break>

8. Essence of Jainism
t Non-Violence (Ahimsa)
 Strengthens the autonomy of life of every
being
t Non-One-
Sideness(Anekantavad)
 Strengthens the autonomy of thought of
every individual
t Non-Possession (Aparigraha)
 Strengthens the interdependence of
all existence

9. Who Am I?
?
t Why am I here?
t From where did I come?
t Where am I going?

10. Who am I ?
t I am a symbiosis of physical and
spiritual substances
t Why am I here?
I am here to realize who I am
t From where did I come?
I come from the past karmic
influences
t Where am I going?
I am moving towards liberation

11. Fundamentals of Existence
t Beginninglessness
t Dynamic Interplay of
Physical and Spiritual
Reality
t Cause and Effect
(through Karma)

12. Enlightened
Person

13. The Journey Starts
AWARENESS
Wandering
Souls
TIME

14. Path to Liberation
(Three Jewels)
t Enlightened World-View (Samyak Darshan)
t Enlightened Knowledge (Samyak Gyan)
 Types of Knowledge
 Bhavanas
t Enlightened Conduct (Samyak Charitra)
 Lay Vows
 Holy Vows

15. Path to Liberation Omniscience
and
Liberation
Purity
Non- of Thought
Violence
Karmic
AWARENESS
Shedding
The Vows
Karmic Bondage
Wandering
and Inflow
Souls
TIME

16. Types of Knowledge
KNOWLEDGE
Mediate (Acquired) (Paroksha) (Pratyaksha) Immediate (Innate)
Empirical (avadhi) Clairvoyant
(mati)
• Gained through the senses • Perception of things that are out
of the natural range of senses
• Mind’s ability to comprehend (manahparyaya) Mind-reading
what is sensed
• Act of seeing the objects
Articulate (shrut) of another’s mind
• Conceptualization through
(keval) Omniscient
language
• Knowledge of all other
substances in all their modes

17. Knowledge : Key To
Omniscience/Liberation
Partial Elimination
&
Partial Suppression
More
Delusion K A R M A S*
More
KN OWLED G E Enlightened
Clairvoyance
Other than omniscience, all other categories are
mixture of knowledge & ignorance
 Omniscience is perfect Innate, pure
enlightenment

18. Six Universal
Substances

19. Substances in the
Universe
Space Matter
(akash)
(pudgal)
Medium of
Rest Jiva
(adharma)
(jiva)
Medium of
Motion
Time
(dharma)
(kal)

20. Nature
of
Soul

21. CLASSES OF SOUL
t2 CLASSES
Worldly Liberated
(Sansarik) (Siddha)

22. QUALITIES OF SOUL
t QUALITIES
Omniscience
Sentience
Everlasting

23. STATES OF SOUL
5 STATES
+
--
+ +
Suppression
Elimination
Purification
Mixing
Shedding

24. Bondage of Karma
Bondage is the process by which karma
are attached to the soul
+
--
+ +

25. Seven Tattvas
t Jiva (souls)
t Ajiva (non-sentient entities)
t Inflow - Asrava (inflow of karmic particles to the soul)
t Binding - Bandha (binding of karmic part. to the soul)
t Stopping - Samvara (stopping the karmic inflow)
t Shedding - Nirjara (falling away of karmic particles)
t Liberation - Moksh (liberation from worldly bondage)

26. Choice: Circle of Life
or Moksha
Moksha
Circle of Life
and “Death”

27. Reality
and
Anekantavad

28. Approach to Truth
Approved
Gateways Of
Means Of
Investigation
Knowledge
The categories of truth
can be understood with
Philosophical more precision and
Standpoint clarity through these 3
ways

29. Jain Perspective
Doctrine of Philosophical
Non-absolutism Standpoints
(Anekantavad) (Nayavad)
Sevenfold
Predication
[Sapta-bhanginya]

30. VIEWS OF REALITY
Philosophy Of Being Philosophy Of Becoming
(Unchanging) (Always Changing)
EVER
EVER
UNCHANGING
CHANGING
LIKE
LIKE THE
THE SUN
WEATHER
Stresses Stresses
Substance Modes
(guna) (paryaya)
Philosophy of Being (substances) and
Philosophy of Becoming (modes) Are
Both Real And Integral

31. The Nature of Reality
H 2O
Water
Modes
Reality = Substance + Quality + Modes

32. Non-One-Sidedness
(Nayavad-Syadvad)
The same reality can be viewed
from different standpoints - Doctrine of “MAY-BE”
water

33. Changelessness Beneath
Changes
SOUL

34. Non-One-Sidedness
(ANEKANTAVAD)
EXISTENCE NON-EXISTENCE
4
1 2
7
5 6
3 INEXPRESSIBILITY
The Seven Fold Predication of the Real

35. Does Truth Exist ?
Truth Exists
(Time Specific)
Anekantvada
- Reduce Ego
- Keep an open mind

36. Inhibiting and
Wearing off
of Karmas

37. Karma’s Inflow
Action
Speech Thought
+
Karma Inflow

38. Accident on Route to Nirvana
Scenario: A person meeting an accident with a car
Result: Vibration of soul in association with mind and body
Events:
• Troubling thoughts - Inflow (Asrava)
• Mind constantly thinking - Bondage (Bandha)
• Let bygones be bygones - Stoppage (Samvara)
• Practice austerity- Shedding (Nirjara)

39. Types of Karmic Bondage
Destructive (Ghatia)
Knowledge Covering
Non-Destructive (Aghatia)
Intuition Covering
Karma
Sensation
Deluding (View, Conduct)
Karma
Life Span
Body
Status
Obstructive

40. Karmic Bondage Cycle
Actions
Mind, Body, Speech - Omniscient
Reaction
Fr
+ + ui
tio
- Dormant Karma
n
O
cc
ur
s
+ + - +
+ +
Karmic s
on
Particles a ssi
gP
on Se
- Str
lf
-R
es
tr a
+
+ + in
t +
Strong Intensity
+
- Only
+ Non-Destructive
+ + Karmas
Less Intensity Inhibition and Wearing Off

41. Are Beneficial Karmas
Good?
More beneficial More harmful
karmas karmas
.
Give worldly Give worldly
pleasures pain

42. 7 Ways to Inhibit and Wear
off Karma
Mind, Body,
Speech Enduring
Moving Hardships
Carefully
Practicing
Right Austerities
Conduct
Right Control 12 Reflections

43. 3. Observing 10 Dharmas
Truthfulness
Humility Continence
Self Restraint
Forgiveness Purity
Renunciation
Detachment Austerity
Straightforwardness

44. Vows

45. Doors of Inflow of Karmas
5 SENSES 4 PASSIONS 5 INDULGENCES 25 URGES
t Touch t Anger t Causing Injury t Evil
t Taste t Pride (Ego) t Lying t Torture
t Smell t Deceit t Stealing t Deceitful
t Sight t Greed t Incontinence t ...
t Hearing t Possessiveness t Possessive
clinging

46. Control Your Passions
Passions
EMOTIONS +/- Karma
Anger
Pride Vows help in minimizing passions
Deceit
Greed
Passions
Less Karmas

47. Activities to Support Vows
Non-stealing
Truthfulnes
s
Non-Violence
Non-
Possessiveness
Celibacy

48. Not Negation of Life,But
Affirmation of the Eternal
Celebrate life with the ultimate vision

49. Gunasthans

50. What are Gunasthans ?
These fourteen stages of
spiritual development
allow for stopping of K
Karma Inflow
K

51. What Causes Change In
S14 Stages? S14
S12 Right Aghatiya S12
Knowledge
S10 S10
Right Vows
S7 S7
Belief
S4 Ghatiya S4
Karma
S1 S1
t Accelerated destruction of deluding
karmas
Deluding
Karmas
Knowledge ⇒ Pure
Soul

52. Taste of Samyak Darshan
(Stage:1,2,3,4)
Spiritual
Life Begins
Deluded
(Who Am I?)
World View

53. Realization and Self
Restraint (Stages 5,6,7)
Small Vows
Great Vows
(Anu Vrata)
(Maha Vrata)

54. Suppresion/Elimination
(Stage: 8,9,10,11)
- -
+
+ + -
+

55. Elimination of Deluding
Karmas (Stage 12)
Obstructive Karmas
Intuition-covering K
Knowledge-covering

56. Omniscient Soul
(Parmatma)
t At stage 13
 Souls attain full enlightenment and possess
infinite perception, knowledge, bliss and
vigor.
 Stage of ‘Omniscience with Physical
Activity’
 Aghatiya karmas are still present !
 Souls at this stage are referred as “Arihant”

57. Omniscience with Activity
(Stage 13)

58. Omniscience
(Final Stage: 14)

59. Where Do I Stand?
Karmas Samyak Self
Meditation
(Delusion) Darshan Restraint
(EWV) (Vows)
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 5
Stage 6
Stage 7
Stage 8 - 11
Stage 12
Stage 13
Stage 14

61. Meditation

62. Types of Meditation
Mournful Wrathful
Analytic White (Pure)

63. Meditation

64. Liberation

65. Liberation
Liberation
Life span Status
Body
Obstructive
View Deluding Knowledge Covering
Sensation
Omniscience Intuition Covering

66. The Soul After Liberation
t What after Liberation ?
 Soul’s separation
 Soul’s upward motion
 Soul’s arrival at the border of cosmic space
t What is the soul’s nature after
liberation
 Pure and perfect enlightened world view
 Enlightened knowledge
 Enlightened intuition

67. Parasparopagraho
Jivanam
Soul’s render service to one another
t Souls influence each other through service
which may be favorable or unfavorable
t They cannot live independently of one another
t They must bear the karmic results
individually..
t They create a common environment and lie
together in wealth and woe