Final presentation of the project I developed at the IRSS2013 in Athens, July 2013

1. Collaborative Ontology Alignment
Final Project Presentation
Giorgos Papoutsakis
Jaakko Lapplaianen
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
COLLONA

2. Outline
Ontology
Ontology Alignment
COLLaborative ONtology Alignment
Future Work
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
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3. Ontologies 101
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
COLLONA

4. Ontologies - What
• What kinds of things exist or can exist in the world?
• what manner of relations can those things have to each other?
• Ontology is more concerned with what is possible
• Ontology in Computer Science
“An ontology formally represents knowledge as a set of concepts
within a domain, and the relationships between pairs of
concepts.”
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
• Definition:
“An ontology is defined as a formal explicit specification of a
shared conceptualization”
• model a domain
• support reasoning about concepts.
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5. Ontologies - Web Ontology Language
Functional syntax
XML syntax
Manchester syntax
RDF/XML syntax
RDF/Turtle syntax
<Ontology ontologyIRI="http://example.com/tea.owl" ...>
Ontology(<http://example.com/tea.owl>
<rdf:RDF <Prefix name="owl"
...>
Declaration( Class( :Tea ) ) )
<http://example.com/tea.owl> rdf:type owl:Ontology .
Ontology: <http://example.com/tea.owl>
<owl:Ontology rdf:about=""/>
IRI="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"/>
:Tea rdf:typeTea
Class: owl:Class .
<owl:Class rdf:about="#Tea"/>
<Declaration> <Class IRI="Tea"/> </Declaration>
</rdf:RDF>
</Ontology>
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
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6. Ontologies - Example
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
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7. Ontology - Applications
Semantic web
Specify a data modeling representation
Specify standard conceptual vocabularies
Provide services for answering queries
Publish reusable knowledge bases
Offer services to facilitate interoperability across multiple
heterogeneous systems and databases
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
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8. Ontology alignment
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
COLLONA

9. Alignment
• Classes
• Properties
• 3 kind of mappings
• Equivalence
• Subsumption
• Supersumption
• Examples
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
• Sets of correspondences between elements of two ontologies
• Human = Person
• Lion < Animal
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10. Alignment API
• Framework for communication
• Well supported
• Representation Classes
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Ontology network
Alignment
Cell
Relation
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
“The Alignment API is a set of abstractions for
expressing, accessing and sharing ontology alignments”
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11. Alignment applications
• Use alignments as links between ontologies
• Distributed information retrieval
• At query transformation step
• Understanding the semantics of the question
• At result fusion step
• Putting together the results
• Human – Machine dialogues
• Ontology evolution
• Instance migration
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
• Avoid ontology merging
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12. Our work
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
COLLONA

13. COLLONA
• Automatic methods and humans need to collaborate to
produce accurate results
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
• Automatic alignment methods are not very accurate
• Humans can not handle heavy work load
• Humans are slow
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14. COLLONA – Core Tasks
• Visualization of Ontological pairs.
• Authoring of mappings by users.
• Visualization of automatically produced mapping.
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
• Review of the main concepts regarding semi-automatic
alignment systems and standard APIs.
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15. COLLONA – Arch. & Data Flows
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
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16. COLLONA – Standard data formats
• From ontologies files
• From URI
• From alignment file
• Export
• Alignment file
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
• Import
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17. COLLONA – First problems
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
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18. COLLONA – Further problems
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
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19. COLLONA - Divide & Conquer
• Panels for class information
• Properties
• Axioms
• Panels for mappings
• Class mappings
• Property Mappings
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
• Graph shows only the class herierarchy
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20. COLLONA – More features
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
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21. COLLONA today
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
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22. Future work
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
COLLONA

23. Future work - Synergies
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
• The tool does not distinguish between machines and
users when importing/exporting mappings
• The user becomes a new alignment method
• This homogeneous feature allows
• Machine alignment / user validator
• Machine / user competition
• Hybrid approaches, complex data flows for iterative
mapping refinement
• Alignment as a Service – Synergy with CLIC project
• This is a step forward on ontology mapping quality
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24. User validation
Bad
computer!
Stupid
Computer!
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
• Supervised alignment
• Algorithm evaluation and refinement
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25. Machine-user competition
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
• Expert evaluation and training
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26. Hybrid approaches
Custome
Mappings
r
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
• Combine human and machine workflows to iteratively refine
ontology mappings
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27. COLLONA @ CLIC Framework
Customer
Mappings
New Mappings
Mapping request
Customer
Negotiation layer
Negotiation
Alignment
service 1
Alignment service 2
Alignment service 3
Service registration, data
ALIGN!

28. Thank you!!
IRSS13 | 4-31 July | NCSR Demokritos
COLLONA