zero waste water-.pptx

© Confederation of Indian Industry
Strategies and Options for
Making India Zero Water
Waste
Jit Kumar Gupta
Former Chair, Chandigarh Chapter, Indian Green Building Council

Water-
Relevance for
Human Living

Water- Relevance for Human Living
 Water ;-- Elixir of life,
 Water-- most valuable gift of nature
 Water-- sustainer, protector/ promoter of life
 Water-- vital component of human living, food , processing,
manufacturing
 Average human body- 50-65% water; birth 75-85%
 Water essential for human living
 Without water- cities/human beings/flora/fauna- cease to exist.
 Water– known to make people-- happy, healthy, more productive.
 Water-- determinant of quality of life.
 Water –at core of sustainable/ socio-economic development
 Water ecosystems--reduces disease /improves health /productivity
 Water-vital link between climate -human society/ environment

Water- Relevance for Human Living
 poor quality of water -Cause for pandemics/ disease
 Water misused/abused, traded as commodity
 - Water covering 75% area of planet – potable water for human
consumption --major issue -- fast emerging global threat / challenge
 Water use increasing globally @ about 1% per year since 1980s
 Last 70 years- population X 3 but -water demand x6 times
 900-1100 million lack clean water for drinking
 Over 2 billion people experiencing high water stress,
 2.4 billion lack basic sanitation
 5 billion out of 8 billion- to live in severe water stressed by 2025
 Managing Water most critical essential
 Save water – save life
 Save Water- Save Energy
 Save Water- Save Money
 Save water – Save Nature

Water-Global
Context

The World’s Water

Saltwater
97.5%
Freshwater
2.5%
Total Surface Freshwater : 0.4%
Where is the freshwater?
World’s Freshwater
World’s Water
Groundwater
30.1%
Surfacewater
0.4%
Glaciers
69.5%
Salt Water
97.5%
Fresh Water
2.5%

Water-Indian
Context

Water – Indian Context
 Water – Finite Resource/ Irreplaceable
 Water- Renewable -- only when well managed
 India-- With just 4% of freshwater
 India supports–
 --one-sixth global population-17.5%- 135 crores
 --Largest animal population globally
 - 535.78 million
 Water-- vital for; -- living, working, food, agriculture,
urbanization, industrialization, trade-commerce,
healthcare/ education, flora and fauna
 25% Indians - remain without access to safe drinking
water
 21% diseases --poor quality of water used
 Over 3 lakh children--under 5 years, die annually- due to
diarrhea

Water--Indian Context
 17.5 % Worlds Population;
 4% water Resources
 535.78 million livestock
 Water Scenario
 12 Major Rivers
 4,000 BCM of water ; 1,123 BCM utilizable
 690 BCM surface water
 433 BCM Ground water
 Glaciers
 34,919 Glaciers
 75,779 sq. km glaciated area
 Coastal ecosystems
 Coastline: 7500 km
 35% of population live within 100 kms of coasts

 Women- major victim of water stress
 Women-spend 150 million workdays/ year
 -- for fetching/ carrying water-- causing
loss of Rs. 10 billion economic terms.
 -- 2030 Water Resources Group estimates
 - at current consumption rate,
 -India-- will have only half of water
needed by 2030.
 India uses
 –-- 70% freshwater for agriculture
 using Tube wells
 ---For drinking
 - rural India uses 90% ground water
 -- urban India– 50%

Water –Indian Context
 India -largest user of ground water
 -- drawing - 1/4 of global groundwater.
 -- China, draws half of ground water-- compared to India.
 -- 60% districts declared water critical
 -- 70% water remaining contaminated
 -- India ranks 120 out of 122 countries in global water quality index.
 -- More than half of India’s cultivated land -under water- intensive crops--rice,
paddy, sugarcane etc.
 -- Indian agriculture –
 --- highly water inefficient,
 -- consuming twice water
 -- for producing same quantity of food/ cereals - other countries.
 -- 100 million Indians consume drinking water with excessive fluoride
 NITI Ayog estimates –
 - likely loss of 6% in national GDP-- from severe water scarcity -- India likely
to face in future
 - 10 Largest cities - face acute water stress
 -- including Delhi/Bangaluru

Polluting WaterResource

Water-Supply
& Demand

Water Demand-Supply
City Demand (MLPD) Supply(MLPD) Shortage(%)
Delhi 3028 2460 18.75
Mumbai 3900 3210 17.47
Chennai 2244 1760 21.58
Kolkata 2036 1593 21.74
Bengaluru 1146 900 21.45
Hyderabad 885 707 20.08

Water-Indian
Context- Issues

Water-Issues
 Large consumption-- Rapid/ massive increase of human
count / animals.
 Rapid urbanization– industrialization/ globalization
 Large Gap between demand/supply-
 --Increased water demand
 -decrease in water supply.
 Water demand increased- 35 fold during three centuries
 Large scale mismanagement of water resources
 Global warming, climate change/repeated- floods, droughts
/natural disasters.
 Lack of awareness -about rational, efficient, economical
usage of water
 Large scale pollution-- of fresh water resources
 Rapid growth of-- water based sanitary systems, water
intensive fixtures .

Water-Issues
 Irrational agricultural/ water intensive cropping
 Absence of waste water management/ rainwater
resource-- at local/regional level
 Irrational/ unrealistic-- pricing of fresh water.
 Inefficient/outdated technologies/ management of
 --water sourcing ,
 --water delivery
 -large leakage, theft, wastage / unaccounted water.
 Focus on water supply- not on water management.
 --Lack of accountability/ transparency
 -- irrational water norms/standards
 -- Inequal access to safe drinking water/ sanitation

Water-
Management

How Water can be
made available to
all- Nobody is left
without water

Why Conserve/Manage Water?
 Saving money --on your utility bill,
 Prevents greenhouse gas-associated with treating/distributing water.
 reducing pollution due to leaks.
 Avoid Overloading municipal sewer systems
 Avoid untreated sewage-- to flow to lakes / rivers.
 -prevent polluting water in lakes/ rivers, / watersheds.
 Smaller amount of waste water ,-- smaller network- Reduced cost
of network
 Smaller sewerage-- treated- less recurring life-cycle cost, less area,
less pollution, lesser discharge , lesser energy consumption
 Extend life of septic system-- by reducing soil saturation


Water Management
 Critical issue of water consumption -
- demands on supplying aquifer/sources
exceeding its ability to replenish itself
 Key objectives of water
sustainability-
 i. Protect water
 ii. Conserve water
 iii. Protect water quality
 iv. Reduce consumption

SDG 11- Make cities and human settlements
inclusive ,safe, resilient and sustainable

Strategies for
Water Management

Managing Water-Physical Planning
 Making cities spongy -- promoting porosity- creating open
spaces- creating water bodies- using low lying land
 Adopting Regional Planning approach-- for sourcing,
consumption/ conserving water for urban /rural India.
 Planning cities/large complexes -- to be water efficient/zero
waste water
 Making water conservation/ waste water management --
integral part of urban planning process
 Linking/integrating all human settlements-- with adjoining
peri-urban/ agricultural land, for meeting water demand for
urban /rural
 Rationalizing—landscaping --focus on minimizing use of
fresh water.--

Managing Water-Physical Planning
 -Linking all open spaces with rain water harvesting .
 Using landscaping/ flora and fauna-- minimizing
water consumption.
 Using local/native trees-
 Preserving/protecting/promoting/augmenting all
existing water resources/draining systems .
 Identifying /promoting/protecting all existing areas of
bio-diversity
 Using all existing low-lying areas-- for creating
manmade water bodies/ lakes/ponds for
 - preserving/ collecting/sourcing rain water;- for
promoting ground water recharging;
 -Promoting retaining rather than draining water

Managing Water- Management
 Decentralizing waste water collection/recycling at
community/neighborhood level
 Mandating all industries-- to be zero-waste water,
 - defining standards /norms for water consumption ,
 Making all Group Housing Societies/healthcare---- zero
water waste by incentivizing
 Eliminating single use -promoting multiple use of
water mandatory at all levels of water consumption.
 Setting rational standards for water consumption-- for
Indoor/outdoor equipment-.
 Making rainwater harvesting-- integral part of building
construction/ building operation processes..
 Protecting fresh water resources /defining protected
belts around them

Making Cities Spongy

Chandigarh Master Plan- Le Corbusier

Greening Cities

Greening Cities –
Available open space/person in India-2.7 sqm
Number of available trees/ person- Canada- 10,163
Number of available trees-India- very low-- 28
trees/person
- Create network of interconnected Green parks/ spaces
- 7 Trees / person
-Providing Green Space@ 9 Sqm/ pers
- Compensating all hard surfaces with greens within
buildings roofs/walls
-Greening Roofs/terraces/ Walls
-Preserving all natural areas
-Preserving water channels/ features/ Bio- Diversity
-Protecting existing flora/faun
-Creating City Forests
- using derelict areas for greening
- Greening all low lying areas
- Declaring all existing trees as protected tree- Chandigarh
-Using local trees

Open Spaces

Global- Tree Count

Central Park New York- 700 Acs Vaux and Olmsted'

Today Curitiba boasts > 50 sq metres of green space per person. Buenos Aires’s
two sq meters / person

Creating City Forests

Managing Water- Agriculture
 Making agriculture zero ground/potable water
dependent.
 Using irrigation/drip irrigation
 Changing cropping pattern-- from water-intensive
commercial crops to water-efficient cropping pattern
 Promoting efficient flood management-- to save
water, save land, save crops for effective utilization
during water deficit period.
 Preserving, promoting /creating -- old and new
source of Water
 Incentivizing-- water efficient cropping pattern .
 Linking human habitation with agriculture– using
household waste water for meeting agriculture
needs

Strategies for Water
Management in Built
Environment

Approach
Reduce
Recycle/
Reuse
Recharge Refuse

4 R’s – Approach
 Recharge
 Rainwater harvesting
 Reduce
 Low flow fixtures
 Reuse
 Use of treated Waste water
 Promote multiple use of
water
 Refuse- Use water only
when necessary

Promoting Water Efficiency
 Adopt Strategies for –
 -- Slow the flow
 -- breaking water
 --Conserving water
 -- Sourcing RW Harvesting
 --Promoting Ground water charging
 -- Promoting multiple use of water
 Design for dual plumbing—
 -- using recycled water for toilet flushing
 -using rainwater/ non-potable water for site
irrigation.
 Minimize wastewater
 -- using ultra low-flush toilets,
 -- using low-flow shower heads

Promoting Water Efficiency
 Adopt Strategies for –
 Use Re-circulating systems-- for
centralized hot water distribution.
 Installing point-of-use hot water--
heating systems-- for more distant
locations.
 Metering water use – both for domestic/
landscape separately
 -- Promote micro-irrigation /sprinklers /
high-pressure sprayer-- to supply water
in non-turf areas.
 Involving communities --Through
education /incentives
 Promoting Green Buildings as a Brand

Optimization of
water demand
Use of water
efficient systems
Use of recycled
water and
rainwater
harvesting
Some
cost
impact
Highest
cost
impact
Least
cost
impact
Cost effective strategy for water efficiency

BUILDINGS AS CONSUMERS OF RESOURCES
•Built environment impact environment / consumption of
resources:
16% of world’s fresh water withdrawal.
25% of wood harvested.
30% of consumption of raw material.
50% of global energy consumption.
35% of world's CO2 emission
40% of Municipal Solid Waste.
50% of Ozone depleting CFC’s still in use.
30% of residents having sick building syndrome
( Roodman and Lenssen, 1995)
•70% global warming--outcome of buildings / transportation
•Existing buildings--low concern for energy conservation.
•Considering annual addition of- 700-900msqmts-
•-- energy/ environment implications will be critical.
•Buildings need to be;
•- designed /constructed / operated /maintained
•--with utmost care /considerations for
•-- energy/ sustainability/resources

Designing Built Environment


Defining- Green Buildings

Daylighting
Local materials
Indian Way of approaching design
 Rediscovery of the Indian ethos
 We worship 5 elements of Nature (Panchabhutas)
Prithvi (Earth) Sustainable Sites
Jal (Water) Water Efficiency
Agni (Energy) Energy Efficiency
Vayu (Air) Indoor Environmental Quality
Akash (Sky) Daylight
Views
Water body

Benefits of Green Buildings

Impact of Buildings- minimizing
Building Footprints

Singapore, seven 50-story housing towers connected by 1,600-foot-
recreational “sky garden.”
-- high-density development in compact city-state.

Greening Roof

Water Management in
Built Environment-
Technologies-
Prefabrication

Pre- fabrication/Modular
Construction/off-site- Advantages
 Building in Hazardous Area
 Assured Quality Construction
 Material Efficiency
 Cost- Efficiency
 Green Construction- Water Efficiency
 Flexibility
 Reduced Site Disruption
 Time Efficiency
 Safety

Pre- fabrication Construction/Advantage
 Green Construction
 -Modular buildings require less power consumption
compared to traditional constructions,
 ---lower life cycle energy implications as compared to on-
site construction
 -- have minimum requirement of water due to absence of
onsite watering of brick/concrete
 -- Energy efficiency achieved through using recycled
materials
 -- Resource efficient greener construction process-- due to
reduced material waste/ use of recycled materials
 Flexibility
 Flexibility --based on easy dismantling /Relocation of
buildings to different sites,
 being made of numerous individual parts-- also permit
flexibility in building structure/ design by changing design
of specific prefab component.

Crystal Palace London

Quonset huts, pre-fabricated lightweigh

1. Rain Water Harvesting
 Intent
 Enhance ground water table & reduce municipal
water demand through effective RWH systems.
 Compliance Option
 Design rainwater harvesting system to capture
at least ‘One-day Rainfall’ runoff volume from
roof & non-roof areas.

Rain Water Harvesting- Strategies
Green Schools
Rain Water Harvesting
Collecting Rain Water
Collection Pond
Percolating Rain Water to
Ground
Percolation Pit
Storage Tank Collecting to Bore Well

RWH Harvesting Structures
Connection with the Drain
ONGC, Tel Bhawan, Dehradun
Rain water storage chamber
Dell, Coimbatore
Rain water storage Pond
CII- Sohrabji Godrej Green
Business Centre, Hyderabad

2. Water Efficient Fixtures
 Intent
 Enhance efficiency of plumbing fixtures, thereby
minimising potable water use

Water Efficient Fixtures- Strategies
Green Schools
Water Efficient Fixtures
Low flow fixtures Low Flush Fixtures
Sensor based Urinals
Waterless Urinals
Aerators
Sensor based Fixtures
Dual Flush

Water Efficient Fixtures
Jal
8 LPM
2/4 LPM
46% Water Savings Over Baseline
6/3
LPF
5 LPM

3. Landscape Design
 Intent
 Design landscape to ensure minimum
water consumption

Azadirakta Indica Pinus
Cactus Family
Palm Family
Native
Drought
Tolerant
Adaptive
Landscape Design

XERI-SCAPING

4. Management of Irrigation Systems
 Intent
 Reduce water demand for irrigation through
water efficient management systems and
techniques
 Compliance Options:
 Provide/ install highly efficient irrigation systems
(minimum four features)
 Central shut-off valve
 Soil moisture sensors & Timer based controls
 Segregate landscape areas, based on watering needs
 Drip irrigation system, to reduce evaporation
 Any other innovative methods for watering

Water Efficient Irrigation System -
Strategies
Green Schools
Irrigation System
Sprinkler System
Automatic Spray System
Drip Irrigation
Soaker Hoses
Mechanical Spray System Micro misting

5. Waste Water Treatment & Reuse
 Intent
 Treat waste water generated on-site
 To avoid polluting the receiving streams by safe
disposal
 Use treated waste water
 To reduce dependence on potable water

 Compliance Option
 Install on-site treatment system to
handle 100% of waste water
generated in the building
 Quality standards should comply with CPCB/State
Pollution Control Board norms
Waste Water Treatment & Reuse

Waste Water Treatment- Strategies
Green Schools
Waste Water Treatment
Biological Treatment
Phytoremediation
Mechanical Treatment
Root Zone

Waste Water Reuse
 Use treated waste water for:
 Landscaping
 Flushing
 Cooling tower make-up water
Landscaping
Flushing
Cooling tower make-up

6. Water Metering
 Intent
 Encourage sub-metering to
improve water performance
of the building, and save
potable water

Water Efficiency
 Zero water discharge
 Recycling of 100 % grey
water reuse for landscaping
 35% reduction on potable
water use
 High efficient fittings
 Installation of waterless
urinals
 Rain water harvesting
 Collection pond at site
 8 Lakh liters capacity

Phytoremediation
 Wastewater treatment system
 Biological mechanism
 Treated water used for irrigation

Conclusions

Saving Water
 India Holds 4% global water-support 17.3% of population with largest
live stock in the world.
 India remains -- most water stressed country in world
 Water –valued, conserved, preserved, protected-- quality / quantity
 Promoting-- slow the flow-
 Breaking water—ions- --Mixing water & air to reduce consumption.
 Graduating from single use to multiple use of water-
 Do more with less water
 Linking settlement planning with water conservation
 - promoting use of urban waste water for agriculture/ irrigation
 Focussing on water efficient building materials-- during
manufacturing, construction and operation
 Promoting --zero waste water buildings
 Declaring water as a national resource- for integrated planning/
optimum utilisation
 Promoting water efficient construction technologies
 - promoting off site construction instead on-site construction-
prefabrication
 Promoting rain water harvesting at community level

.

Saving Water
 Planning water efficient landscaping
 - using local trees with minimum green grass
 Mandating institutions/GH societies , zero waste water
 Promoting sanitation system which is non-water based
 Replicating Chandigarh experiment- creating artificial lakes -
water recharging / rain water harvesting
 Creating water bodies in cities-integral part of city planning/
development process
 Preserving all existing-- water bodies / water channels
 Making bio-diversity integral part of city planning / development
process
 Incentivising buildings using rain water for construction
 Defining water norms for- different industries and mandating
zero water discharge.
 Mandating all plumbing fixtures manufactured based on well
defined water efficient norms-wc /urinals/ faucets etc
.

Managing Water- Technology
 Using state of art technologies for treating / managing/ waste water
 Shifting sanitary system from water-based to non- water based
 Using Phyto-remedial-- instead of STP for treating sullage water
 Incentivizing building materials, with minimum water usage.
 Shifting from construction to manufacturing-- through pre-fabrication
 minimizing wastage/ theft/ leakage/ unauthorized use.
 Creating intelligent system of water management at city/local level .
 Treating waste water for reuse as fresh water.
 Creating water Stupas in Cold regions- for use during warm/hot
period
 Minimizing water loss-- due to evaporation in hot regions- by shading
areas, covering with plastic sheets or by installing solar panels on
sources of water.
 Promoting Technology-GIS- for mapping available sources of water

WATER STUPAS- LEH

Singapore New Water

Floating Solar Plant- Saving Water
from Evaporation

www.igbc.in
Go Green . . .

zero waste water-.pptx

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to zero waste water-.pptx

Similar to zero waste water-.pptx (20)

More from JIT KUMAR GUPTA

More from JIT KUMAR GUPTA (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

zero waste water-.pptx