Presentation tries to focus on construction sector in India, its role and importance in promoting economy, employment and create wealth for the nation.Presentation also looks at the roadblocks in operation of the construction sector and suggest measures for making it effective and efficient

1. REINVENTING
CONSTRUCTION
SECTOR
IN INDIA
*Ar Jit Kumar Gupta
founder Director, College of Architecture,
IET Bhaddal, jit.kumar1944@gmail.com

2. Construction
Sector- Role and
Importance

3. CONSTRUCTION SECTOR
 Construction sector is known for its ;
 Multiplier effect on employment/economy/ industrialization
 leveraging economies-- 11% of India’s GDP is contributed
 promoting industry- more than 290 industries
 generating employment -- 1/6th share(35 million) in the total employment
 ensuring development of communities/states/ nations
 . Sector ranks second in terms of total value output in country
 India---in 2015-- ranked fourth in construction output-- after China, United States , Japan --
with output of 333 billion US dollars.
 In India- construction accounted for 40 % of development investment during past 50 years
and created assets worth over ₹ 200 billion
 Construction sector also known to be;
 large consumer of energy/resources;
 Generator of large waste- C&D
 promoter of global warming and
 responsible for creating large carbon footprints besides
 making people healthy and sick
 Considering increasing construction projects/complexity / importance
 -- construction sector-- made more effective, efficient, productive/Qualitative/ sustainable
by;
 -- Using advance technologies
 -- integrating many sub-systems
 -- for realising full potential of sector
 -- making India global leader

4. CONSTRUCTION SECTOR
 It is said, “History of construction industry is the history of --growth
and development of human civilisations,
 Construction starts with—
 -- Planning, designing, and financing;
 -- continues till project is built and made ready for use.
 Large-scale construction requires—
 -- collaboration across multiple disciplines involving--- -----project
manager, architect design engineer construction engineer/
architect to supervise .
 Evolving design / execution needs—
 consideration of Zoning
 Environmental impact assessment ,
 Scheduling , Budgeting, Construction/Site safety,
 Transportation of building materials,
 Logistics, Site management,
 Manpower/Machinery deployment, Delays and Bidding”.

5. INDIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Construction industry -: 3 types-- buildings,
infrastructure and industrial
Nearly 90 % workforce engaged in
construction of buildings
 10 % workforce involved in building
completion/ finishing/ electrical, plumbing,
other installation services/demolition and site
preparation.
 Over 80 % employed in real estate--
minimally skilled workforce,
 Skilled workforce account for-- over 9 %
share..


6. BUILDINGS- ROLE AND IMPORTANCE
 Buildings– providers of optimum/worst living conditions
 Buildings -- make people healthy/sick
 Buildings --critical because 80% human life spent in buildings
 -- Buildings important to address / overcome human/ ecological
concerns
 Making Buildings Sustainable-- critical to make value addition
to resources, environment ,ecology
 Studies made revealed that—
 A well designed/constructed school-- makes learning easy and
more meaningful
 A will designed/constructed house--- makes people happy and
healthy
 A well designed/ constructed hospital-- can cure patients
quickly
 A well designed/ constructed shopping mall-- can increase sale /
profits

7. SUSTAINABLE
ONSTRUCTION

8. SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION
 Construction industry- known for energy/ resource /
environmental implications
 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)-- “the
increased construction activities and urbanization will increase
waste --which will eventually destroy natural resources and wild
life habitats over 70% of land surface from now up to 2032”
 -- production / transport of building materials -- known to
consume 25 - 50 %of all energy used
 --construction industry counts for 47% of CO2 emission.
 Need to be made sustainable to minimise adverse impact of
global warming/ carbon emission /ozone depletion.
 In 1994,Professor Charles J. Kibert called for -- construction
industry to be sustainable during First International Conference
of CIB TG 16 on Sustainable Construction.

9. SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION
 Traditional concerns in construction (Time, quality, cost)—
 - Sustainable construction revolves around;
 -- minimising resource depletion/consumption
 -- Minimsing environmental degradation
 -- creating healthy environment.
 - Maximize resource Reuse--Use renewable/recyclable resources
 -- Protect natural environment (Protect Nature)
 --Create healthy/ non-toxic environment (Non-Toxics)
 -- Pursue quality in creating built environment (Quality)
 Sustainable construction,-- a win-win situation for owners, users, occupants,
community, state /nation by;
 -- lowering life- cycle cost,
 -- promoting environmental protection--reducing waste
 -- conserving resources,-- minimising energy consumption,-- promoting
economy,
 --generating employment; --promoting choice of more sustainable, --locally
sourced products /materials;
 --minimize amount of waste /water pollution;
 --using rainwater and recycling waste water etc.

10. CHANGING CONSTRUCTION PERCEPTIONS

11. New
Technologies
&
Materials

12. NEW TECHNOLOGIES
 Considering large construction in rural/urban areas
 -- New state of art technologies critical- to redefine the construction sector
 -Rapid strides in infrastructure construction-
 - Building construction remains a laggard .
 Globally 3D printing technology, in the form of additive building construction
 --making possible to construct small commercial buildings /private habitations in
around 20 hours, with built-in plumbing / electrical facilities,
 -- with next-generation printers capable of 3.5 metres (11 ft) per hour, sufficient
to complete a building in a week.
 IT adoption– Construction industry started using IT potential of technological
advancements, moving on to;
 -- paperless construction-- using power of automation/ adopting BIM,
 -- internet of things/ cloud storage/ co-working, and mobile apps
 -- Using surveying drones
 -- virtual reality/ augmented reality, project management etc.
 -- With science / technology leveraging construction industry
 -- pace of change in construction practices progressing /accelerating
 . India-- needs to adopt emerging technologies to make construction sector
vibrant.

13. AUSSIE BRICK-LAYING ROBOT WORKING 20 TIMES FASTER
THAN HUMAN BEING

14. UK CONSTRUCTION SECTOR TO EMPLOY NEARLY 5,000
DRONES BY 2030

15. 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY

16. STAY LEAN WITH CLOUD BASED TECHNOLOGY

17. VIRTUAL REALITY-GOOGLE, SAMSUNG,
APPLE/FACEBOOK/MICROSOFT WORKING ON
TECHNOLOGY

19. PREFABRICATION India passing through an era of rapid/ massive urbanisation
 government launching Six Missions/Yojnas
 --, ‘Housing for all by 2022’;
 --Swatchh Bharat Mission;
 -- National Urban Livelihood Mission
 --Developing 100 cities under Smart City Mission
 HRIDAY and AMRUT;
 India needs to create large built space
 - For meeting the objectives of these Missions/Yojnas
 --Need to make Construction sector effective/ efficient/qualitative by using
 -- state of art construction technologies
 -- promote cost- effective, resource–efficient, sustainable and eco-friendly
construction.
-- Promoting Pre-fabrication / precast construction on large scale would help in;
-- optimal materials usage, recycling, freedom from pollution
- improved construction safety; year round fast construction,
--- reduced pilferage; better quality control besides
-- providing a real alternative to on-site processes.
 -- overcome acute shortage of onsite quality skilled labour
 -- making structures leaner and smarter

20. 500-ROOM DELUXE HILTON HOTEL IN SAN
ANTONIO FOR TEXAS

21. CRUISE LINER QUEEN MARY 2

22. INNOVATIVE BUILDING MATERIALS
 Materials -- critical in determining future of construction
industry/design /structure ---of buildings.
 Need to search for new materials to facilitate
 construction of cost-effective/ sustainable buildings
 Buildings consume >30% of total materials sourced from nature,
urgent need to;
 - minimise this exploitation
 -- create materials which are lightweight, small in dimension,
 -- requiring minimum resources / minimum energy for its
production
 -- stronger , resistant to pollution/ heat / cold ,
 -- having minimum wear / tear
 -- requiring minimum maintenance and upkeep.
 -- Researchers /various institutes -- taking materials/
technologies to next level.
 -- Development in concrete/ construction materials aggressive
and intense.
 Few innovative construction materials that could
revolutionize building sector have been detailed ;

23. TRANSLUCENT WOOD AS CONSTRUCTION
MATERIAL
 Translucent wood as construction material
 Stockholm’s KTH Royal Institute of Technology
 -- has invented Translucent wood
 -- that can be mass produced / used commercially
 -- to develop windows and solar panels.
 -- Created by first, removing lining in wood veneer
 -- and then through nano-scale tailoring
 -- resulting effect creates translucent wood
 -- that has various applications in construction industry.
 -- As a low-cost, readily available and renewable resource
 -- it has enormous capacity to make projects cost-effective
by reducing cost of resource.

24. HYDRO-CERAMICS
 -- By combining clay and hydro-gel
 -- a new material created
 -- that has a cooling effect on building interiors
 --. Hydro-ceramics have ability to reduce indoor temperature up
to 6 degrees Celsius
 -. Its cooling effect comes from presence of hydro-gel in its
structure
 -- which absorbs water, up to 500 times its weight.
 -- Absorbed water is released to reduce temperature during hot
days.
 -- Incorporating in current building structure
 -- has made Hydro-ceramics into one of coolest building
materials to revolutionize construction
 --. More progress in this direction may make household air
conditioners obsolete.

25. BRICKS MADE OUT OF CIGARETTE BUTTS
 6 million cigarettes, manufactured annually
 -- produce 1.2 million tonnes of cigarette butt waste,
 -- impact environment through arsenic, chromium, nickel
and cadmium
 -- which enter soil and harm nature.
 -- To reduce impact on environment
 -- researchers at RMIT developed
 -- lighter/ more energy efficient bricks by infusing
cigarette waste in fired-clay bricks
 -- This helps in not only reducing waste, but also
 -- producing bricks that are lighter and
 -- requires less energy for manufacturing .

26. LIGHT GENERATING CEMENT
 Dr. José Carlos from UMSNH of Morelia
 -- has created low energy smart cement
 -- with ability to absorb and radiate light
 --. Considering construction industry is fast moving towards
resource/energy efficiency,
 -- implications of cement acting as a ‘light bulb’
 -- have great potential by using them
 -- in swimming pools, parking lots, road safety signs etc
 --Cement produced by process of poly-condensation of raw
materials
 -- such as river sand, industrial waste, silica, water and alkali at
room temperature

27. BIOLOGICALLY PRODUCED FURNITURE
 Biologically produced furniture
 -- made by a material called Mycoform,
 -- by combining wood chips, gypsum, oat bran together
 -- with a fungus called Ganoderma lucidum,
 -- has capacity to create furniture from waste,
 -- when used commercially.
 -- Fungus added--to disintegrate waste products and leave
a strong structural material
 . This combined effect creates plastic furniture
 -- that through time combusts.
 Process is low energy, pollution free requiring low
technology for its creation

28. POLLUTION ABSORBING BRICKS
 Pollution absorbing bricks,
 -- sucks in pollutants in the air and
 -- release filtered air.
 -- Designed to be part of a building’s ventilation system,
 -- it has a two layer facade system,
 --with specialist bricks outside and
 -- standard insulation inside
 --with central cyclone filtration system that
 -- separates out heavy air particles from air and collects them in a
removable hopper.
 --Design similar to a vacuum.
 -- Technology easily applied to current construction processes.
 --By performing wind tunnel tests,
 -- it was proven that system
 - can filter 30% fine particle pollutants and
 100% coarse particles --such as dust.

29. SELF HEALING CONCRETE
 Dutch civil engineer, Dr.Schlangen
 -- has invented a self healing concrete
 -- which involves heating broken pieces together for joining.
 -- Once melted material cools down,
 -- it joins together.
 -- In case of concrete roads,
 -- broken concrete can be made to heal
 -- by making a special vehicle pass
 -- on road every four years .
 --this innovative technology- could save millions annually.

30. WAY
FORWARD

31. WAY FORWARD
 Construction sector makes large contribution to economy with
linkages to several other sectors of economy.
 India projected to become world’s third largest construction market by
2025
 Construction sector -- key driver for Indian Economy.
 Construction Industry in India highly fragmented.
 Needs to be made globally competitive/productive/cost-
effective/efficient / sustainable.
 Need for study /analysis of the prevailing gaps in international and
national standards-- regarding construction practices and
technologies
 Align national standards for design, construction, maintenance
and operation with global standards,
 Bring down cost of construction besides maintaining high
standards of quality
 Need to transform construction industry to make it sustainable--- from
focussing on traditional concerns of "cost, time and quality", to include
“construction products and materials”,
 --- to reduce natural resource consumption and minimize waste on site

32. SKILLING CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
 Despite employing one- sixth of total workforce / involving huge money /consuming largest
proportion of resources, construction industry remains highly unskilled.
 Major maladies in construction-- lack of skill.
 Making construction industry more efficient,/productive / innovative,
 -- quality / skilled manpower is deployed.
 --Cental/ state governments – to take initiative of creating skilled manpower by;
 -- promoting dedicated institutions,
 -- collaboration with stakeholders.
 Building dedicated training Centres
 ITI’s / polytechnics-- Start vocational courses related to construction industry.
 Funds available under National Urban Livelihood Mission --used for creating large skilled
workforce---to overcoming
 -- problems of unemployment /poverty besides
 - making building industry more innovative / efficient .
 -- Engineering colleges /institutions imparting higher education--leveraged to create new
construction technologies /building materials from waste--to make industry more cost-effective
/ resource efficient.
 Continued training of in-service professionals engaged in the construction sector made
mandatory
 For skilling construction industry,-- only skilled manpower shall be employed for certain tasks
in the construction projects.
 -- Initially, limited to larger projects but
 --gradually it must be made mandatory for all projects.
 -- PWD Codes -- reviewed periodically to make them inclusive /supportive of innovations in
construction industry.

33. ADOPTING BEST CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES
 For construction sector to be effective/ efficient, it must ensure ;
 -- structural integrity / stability of buildings
 -- functionality & safety of both users and occupiers.
 -- To ensure quality construction --Singapore defined mechanism of checks / balances to check quality of building
during designing , construction / maintenance
 -- which not only provides best construction practices but also ensures continued adherence to process
 . -- mechanism outcome of learning-- from collapse of Hotel New World, Singapore in March 1986
 -- Enquiry conducted about collapse of hotel building revealed that;
 -- structure was grossly under-designed-- quality of construction was very poor.
 -- building was poorly maintained-- plenty of warning signs indicated a possible collapse during 13 years of
existence of building .
 -- In 1989, Singapore passed a legislation, which mandated;
 -- all construction projects to undergo mandatory checks at design/ construction/ completion
 stages
 -- Seek certified design reviews prior to commencement of construction;
 --- Appoint independent construction supervision during construction and
 ---periodic structural inspections of buildings, after completion of construction
 .-- buildings designed by duly qualified professionals.
 -- building design reviewed by Senior professional engineer, before building is constructed.
 -- Design Review Certification helps in providing structural integrity, building stability /user and occupier safety costs
about 0.15% of total construction cost.
 -- Mandatory Testing during construction through professionally certified Engineers-- costing not more than 1% of
overall cost of construction
 Certification of buildings based on highest standard subsequent rectification work becomes minimal.
 Periodic help in making buildings more cost- effective over its entire life span
 System ensures construction of buildings carried out in a most professional manner / building of appropriate quality

34. REDEFINING POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR CONSTRUCTION
For making construction sector more productive /sustainable,
-- Need for Creating a policy framework/ blueprint
-- involving all stakeholders-- Industry, Builders, Developers,
Construction companies, Corporate houses, CREDAI, CII,
Development authorities, IITs, NITs, Research institutes,IBC etc.
-- Creating a dedicated framework for promoting Research and
Education for the construction industry
-- Guiding stakeholders to make it more efficient / productive.
---- Mandating all development authorities to earmark dedicated
funds in budget for promoting research in construction
methodologies / innovative building materials.
-- Promoting sustainable methods / products for demonstration
and to expand market of sustainable concepts /products.
-- Focussing on Green Building Products--- USGBC, “The global
green building market grew in 2013 to $260 billion, including an
estimated 20 percent of all new U.S. commercial real estate
construction.”

35. RECOGNISING CONSTRUCTION AS A SECTOR
 Niti Ayog document , ‘ Strategy for New India @75 dated
November 2018
 -- calls for bringing innovation, technology, enterprise
and efficient management together
 -- to make India global leader
 -- does not recognise “Construction”, as a critical
Sector of Indian Economy --despite its contribution to
economy, employment, development, resources ,
infrastructures, buildings etc.
 -- Construction must be recognised as a sector and
made integral part of the future strategy of Indian
growth story, failing which India will never be able to
become a Global LEADER.
 Good practices/innovative technologies/ materials
needs to be awarded annually
 Promoting Start up in construction sector