The document discusses concepts and approaches for smart and sustainable cities. It provides context on global population growth and urbanization. Key points made include that cities are major economic drivers but also face issues like pollution, poverty and unsustainable resource use. The smart city mission in India aims to address these challenges by developing smart infrastructure and services in 100 selected cities. This will help optimize resource use, improve quality of life and make cities more sustainable and inclusive.
3. World Environment Day2022 is hosted by Sweden.
Only One Earth" is the campaign slogan, with the focus on “Living Sustainably
in Harmony with Nature”.
9. Cities and their Context
• Cities have been part of human history.
• - Cities- known to command power and authority
• .Cities- known for both -- positivity and negativities
• Cities -- known for their dualities and contradictions
• Cities -- known to be areas of concentration of population/
activities, infrastructures, services, healthcare, education
• Cities -- known to be Engines of economic growth-70%
• Cities - generators of employment , wealth and prosperity,
• Cities – also known for their negativities,
• – where rich and poor rub shoulders-
• Cities – large consumers of resources/energy
• Cities- generators of 70% waste
• Cities – consuming 60% global energy
• -generating 70% of carbon footprints-
10. Cities and their Context
• Cities- remain a manmade , mechanical habitat
• Cities- destroy nature and natural habitat
• -anti-thesis to bio-diversity
• Cities- known to be creator of best/ worst living
conditions- housing both rich and poor
• Cities- home to large migrants/ slums
• Cities- remain in crisis- natural and manmade
• Crisis-- of population, poverty, pollution
• Cities – ever evolving, devolving, never static , never finite
• Cities – will remain dominant in future
• Cities- drivers of nation’s future
• However Cities - need rationalization
• Cities --need to be made more-- bio-diverse; productive,
effective, efficient, humane, livable, inclusive, safe,
Resilient ,sustainable, Healthy place to live /work
11. Indian Urbanization
• 250 million in 1919
• 1210 million in 2011
• 2050- Indian population- 1600 mil. -- 50%
in Urban India.
• Metropolitan Centres -5 (1951)- -53 (2011)-
68(2031), - 85 (2051)
• 10 m plus- nil (1951)- 3 (2011) -7 (2031)-9
(2051)
• During last 100 years, India witnessed—
- -Urbanization level going up by 3 times
- --Urban settlements growing merely 4
times
- --Total Population multiplying 5 times
- -Urban population increasing 15 times and
- -Rural population increasing 3.5 times
- India heading to be most populated
country on this planet-2036
12. Indian Urbanization
• Urban area important because they will be :
Areas of concentration of population,
Providers of large employment.
Areas of large investment.
Housing major infrastructure & services.
Hub around which entire economy gravitates.
Promoters of higher order of productivity
• Major contributors to the national wealth/GDP
1950-51 - 29% (level of urbanization - 17.29%)
1970-71- 37% (level of urbanization - 19.91%)
1990-91- 50% (level of urbanization - 25.72%)
2001-02- 60% (level of urbanization - 27.78%)
2011- 12- 65% (level of urbanization - 31.1%)
10 Largest cities house 8%pop and produce 15%GDP
53 Metro cities house 13 %pop and produce 33%GDP
100 Largest cities house 16%pop and produce 43%GDP
13. URBAN INDIA- 2030- Mckinsey Global Inst-
• India Urban Awakening :Building Inclusive Cities-
Report- April, 2010 -- by 2030:
• 590 m to live in Urban India- twice the US population
• 70% GDP generated by cities
• 80% Revenue generated by cities
• 4 fold increase in per capita income
• 5 times the number by which GDP would multiply
• 270 million net increase in working age group
• 70% of new jobs(170 mil) generated in cities
• 91 M urban households will be middle class-- up from 22 M
• 68 Cities will be Metropolises-Europe has 35 only
• $ 1.2T capital needed to meet projected infrastructure demand
• 700-900 million Sqmts of residential/ commercial area needed
annually- a new Chicago to be created
• 2.5 b Sqmts roads paved-20times created in last decade
• 7400km (350-400 km/year) of metro needed -20times created in last
decade
• 200 million Rural Indians to benefit-living close to top 70 cities
• 75%urban India to live in bottom segment -earning Rs 80 per day
14. Urbanization-issues
• Urban centers :
Poorly planned, developed managed and governed.
Unable to meet challenges of urban dynamism
Haphazard /Unplanned pattern of development.
Enormous growth of slums
• Poor quality of life
• largely unhealthy-House large polluting gases of NO, O3,
Co2,SO2 suspended particulate
• -98% cities in low& low/middle countries / 56% in high
income economies do not meet air quality –WHO norms
• 6 million people died -due to air pollution-2019-20
• Cities Remain unsafe
• Cities -- Remain water stressed
• Unable to meet basic needs of
• -Shelter
• --Services ,
• --Sanitation
15. Urbanization-issues
• Cities--Have acute shortage of green spaces
• Remain prone to disasters- natural and manmade
• Create large heat island- leading to temperature rise
of 2-4 degree during day and up to 10 C at night
• Perpetually suffering from problems of traffic and
transportation
• Promoting exclusion
• Creating dichotomy between rich and poor
• Remain unsustainable- largely dependent on rural
hinterland for day to day needs
• Remain polluter of environment / destroyer of bio-
diversity
• Indian Urbanization rightly called :
Urbanization of Population
Urbanization of Poverty
Urbanization of Pollution
19. Why Smart Cities Are Important
• 54% of the world’s population lives in cities
• 2.5 billion to join urban areas in next 3 decades.
• 400-600 million people to be added to Indian
Population by 2050
• 420 million added to urban India
• India to be most populated and 2nd largest urban system
• India need to manage environment,--
• social /economic sustainability of resources.
• Smart cities allow ;--citizens / local authorities
• --to work together -- launch initiatives
• -- use smart technologies to --manage assets
/resources
• --Provide high quality of life to residents
• --generate economic growth.
20. How Smart Cities Work
• Smart cities follow four steps to improve-- quality of life -- promoting
economic growth
• Using --a network of connected IoT devices /other technologies.
• 1. Collection – Smart sensors gather real-time data
• 2. Analysis – to understand operation of City services
• 3. Communication – data to decision makers for action
• 4. Action – to improve operations, manage assets/ improve quality of life
of residents
• ICT framework brings together;
• -- real time data
• - connecting / engaging/ interacting with citizens /smart city ecosystems
• -- connecting vehicles, managing traffic & transportation
• - Assessing and managing buildings/ infrastructure
• -- makes delivery /operation/ maintenance of services cost- effective
• --improve sustainability
• -- makes energy distribution / refuse collection efficient and effective
• -- Effectively monitoring/improving air quality.
• - minimizing subjectivity/bringing objectivity
21. Sustainable/Smart Planning
• For making cities livable/productive in past
• -urban planning concepts revolved around promoting:
Planned cities
Inclusive Cities
Intelligent Cities
Resilient Cities
Sustainable Cities
Green Cities
Smart Cities
• Looking at the solutions:
Garden City
Linear City
Industrial City
Vertical Cities
Compact Cities
Radiant Cities
• City Planning needs to be leveraged to make cities Smart, cleaner,
greener & Sustainable,
22. SDG 11- Make cities and human settlements
inclusive ,safe, resilient and sustainable
24. Smart City Mission in India
• India launched a Mission to make 100 selected cities Smart
• First stage , state governments nominated potential cities
• Centre shortlisted 100.
• In August 2015 Govt. of India released the list of 98 cities, including
many state capitals.
• MOUD received proposals from 97 cities
• --- for beneficiaries of first year financing from 2016
• selected top 20 from among them on 28 January 2016.
• Bhubaneswar topped the list followed by Pune and Jaipur
• Jammu and Srinagar selected as smart cities in Jammu and Kashmir.
• A total of ₹98000 Crores approved for development of:
• 100 smart cities and rejuvenation of 500 others.
• 48,000 Crores for Smart Cities mission and
• 50,000 Crores for the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban
Transformation(AMRUT)
25. Smart City Mission in India
• Smart Cities Mission ;-- urban renewal, green field
and retrofitting program
• Launched by Government of India to develop 100 cities
• making them
• citizen friendly,
• people centric
• promoting sustainable and inclusive development
• providing basic amenities/ assured quality of life
• Through application of ‘Smart’ Solutions.
• To create a replicable model for other aspiring cities.
• Involving Green Field / Brown field development/ Pan city
approach
26. Smart City Mission in India
• Core infrastructure elements in a smart city include:
• i. Assuring adequate water supply,
• ii. assured electricity supply,
• iii. sanitation, including solid waste management,
• iv. efficient urban mobility and public transport,
• v. affordable housing, especially for poor,
• vi. robust IT connectivity and digitalization,
• vii. good governance-- e-Governance &citizen participation,
• viii. sustainable environment,
• ix.Promoting safety & security of citizens,
• --particularly women, children ; elderly,
• x. health & education.
.
27. Defining Smart Cities
• -- There exist number of definitions-- of a smart city. Smart city is defined
as a ;
• --“City that makes optimal use of
• -- all interconnected information available
• -- for better understanding & controlling its operations
• -to optimise use of limited resources.”
• in short, a smart city;
• -- uses a framework of ICT
• -- to create/ deploy / promote development practices
• -- to address urban challenges and
• -- create a technologically
• -enabled sustainable infrastructure.
29. Making Cities Great Places to Live
• Smart -- Visioning
• State of art --Planned Development/new order of planning
• Weaving nature-- with development
• Making cities-- Compact
• --Making cities-- Inclusive--Making Cities Safe
• --Leveraging-- Technology
• Making cities --Green/blue - Leveraging landscape/water
• -Leveraging-- Culture, Heritage, Art / Architecture
• -Creating Quality --Public Spaces
• -Designing low energy/Green --Buildings
• -Making cities -- community/people centric
• -Creating -- ownership for city
• Reconnecting-- cities to food productivity
• - integrating agriculture into cities through holistic architecture-
Making Cities --Spongy- keeping large area open/ promote
rain water harvesting--ground water charging/reducing flooding
• Making informal sector- integral part of planning/develop.
30. New Order of Planning
- Inventing new order of planning
- Planning to focus on:
- Planning in Regional Context
- - Synergizing urban - rural areas
-- --Reviewing planning tool
-Making cities resource efficient
--Planning cities for bio-diversity
--Making cities compact
-Making cities land efficient
- -- Avoiding Urban Sprawl
-- Stopping melting of cities
--Making cities energy efficient
-- reducing carbon footprints
-- Reducing global warming
33. CO
BS
WO
RKING
LIVING
CIRCULATIO
N
• The Radiant City
•An organism capable of housing works of
man of machine-age society.
• placed under masterful government of
natural conditions:
•Sun
•Space
•Greenery
•And its mission is service of mankind:
•To live
•To work
•To cultivate body and spirit
•To travel about
(in this order and obeying this
hierarchy)
34. PLANNING COMPACT CITIES
Make cities compact by;
– promoting High-density development
-- adopting Transit oriented development
-- Raising Height and
-Rationalizing land uses
--Redefining Building bye-laws
-Building inside not outside
--- Building vertical not horizontal
--- Building High not low
--- Building mix not pure
---Building dense not shallow
----- optimizing current infrastructure.
.
39. Amazing Future Green City of
World –Musdar –Abu Dhabi-UAE
A city of 50,000population
City of no cars , no waste
Planned to make use of cool sea winds
Using solar energy on rooftop
Narrow streets shading houses
Total recycling of waste/water
working/ living area-- not farther
than200 mts from transportation nodes.
Electric powered light rail on elevated
track to permit easy transport between
Musdar and Abu Dhabi.
•for Intra-city travel people use
personal rapid transit pods (PRT) run on
magnetic tracks using electric power.
•Aim is to create:
Zero Carbon
Zero Waste
Zero Car city
40. TIANJIN- Master Plan
..
1. Land-use Planning –Making city compact, mix land uses and
Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)
2. Transport Planning -Green transport .—Large trips via public transport ;
bicycles and walking
3. Green and Blue Network Planning---extensive green
(vegetation) and blue (water) networks – for quality living /working
environment.
4. Water bodies --linked for circulation – enhancing ecology ,
environment , recreational activities.
5. A wastewater pond -rehabilitated /transformed into a clean/beautiful lake.
44. • MAJOR ISSUES:
•Heterogeneous Traffic
•increasing individual vehicle ownership;
•low road capacity;
•poor road geometry;
•large obsolete vehicular population;
• inefficient and inadequate public transportation;
• high environmental pollution;
• low priority for traffic planning; ;
•Low priority to bicycles and pedestrians
• poor traffic management;
• mismatch between vehicle density and road
capacity;
•multiplicity of agencies involved
• absence of unified traffic regulatory authority;
• acute problems of parking;
•high rates of accidents etc.
TRANSPORTATION SCENARIO IN INDIA
46. --Redefining approach to Land-use Planning.
-Redefining shape and size of cities
-Making cities compact
--Reordering prioritization of modes of travel
Planning for People-- not for vehicles
Promoting Accessibility-- Not Mobility
-Making public transport -more equitable,
reliable, affordable, safe, comfortable,
sustainable, energy/operationally efficient, cost-
effective, eco/ users friendly
•Equitable allocation of road space.
•Road Pricing
• Promoting intelligent/smart transportation
•Creating public awareness
•Involving communities/ stakeholders
•Deregistration of Old Vehicles
•Establishing effective regulatory/enforcement
mechanisms
SMART TRANSPORTATION
47. Defining Sustainable Transport
• Sustainable Transport --
• -- sometimes known as Green Transport
• -- form of transport that does not use / rely
on dwindling natural resources.
• -- relies on renewable /regenerated energy
• -- rather than fossil fuels that have a finite life
expectancy
48. •Promoting Bicycle-- as preferred
mode of travel for intra- city travel :
Most inexpensive
Most flexible
Environmental friendly
Zero pollution
Minimizing road tragedies
Zero Energy Vehicle
Occupying minimum road space
Requiring minimum Parking
Space
Promoting National Economy
Promoting Human Health
Reducing depletion of Non-
renewable resources
Best option for travelling over
short distance.
SMART TRANSPORTATION- CYCLING
55. Buildings- Role and Importance
Buildings-- integral part of human history, growth and
development since inception
Buildings -- would continue to define future journey of
human growth
Buildings-- constitute manmade environment-
Buildings-- remain vital for human growth
Buildings – are living organism
Buildings – cater to all human activities
Buildings- full of dualities and contradictions
Buildings -- largest consumers of energy
Buildings - largest consumers of resources
Buildings – largest generators of waste
Buildings- largest polluter of environment /ecology
Buildings --- responsible for largest carbon footprints
Buildings -- responsible for global warming
Buildings -- major determinant of global sustainability
56. Buildings- Role and Importance
• Buildings– providers of optimum/worst living
conditions
Buildings -- make people healthy/sick
Buildings --critical because 80% human life spent in
buildings
Buildings vital to overcome human/ ecological
concerns
Making Buildings Sustainable-- essential to make
value addition to resources, environment ,ecology
Studies revealed —
A Green School-- makes learning easy and more
meaningful
A Green House--- makes people happy and healthy
A Green Hospital-- cures patients quickly
A Green Shopping Mall-- can increase sale / profits
57. BUILDINGS AS CONSUMERS OF RESOURCES
•Built environment impact environment / consumption of
resources:
16% of world’s fresh water withdrawal.
25% of wood harvested.
30% of consumption of raw material.
50% of global energy consumption.
35% of world's CO2 emission
40% of Municipal Solid Waste.
50% of Ozone depleting CFC’s still in use.
30% of residents having sick building syndrome
– ( Roodman and Lenssen, 1995)
•70% global warming--outcome of buildings / transportation
•Existing buildings--low concern for energy conservation.
•Considering annual addition of- 700-900msqmts-
•-- energy/ environment implications will be critical.
•Buildings need to be;
•- designed /constructed / operated /maintained
•--with utmost care /considerations for
•-- energy/ sustainability/resources
62. Daylighting
Local materials
Indian Way of approaching design
• Rediscovery of the Indian ethos
– We worship 5 elements of Nature (Panchabhutas)
Prithvi (Earth) Sustainable Sites
Jal (Water) Water Efficiency
Agni (Energy) Energy Efficiency
Vayu (Air) Indoor Environmental Quality
Akash (Sky) Daylight
Views
Water body
66. Greening Cities –
Available open space/person in India-2.7 sqm
Number of available trees/ person- Canada- 10,163
Number of available trees-India- very low-- 28 trees/person
- Need for Creating a network of interconnected Green parks/
spaces - 7 Trees / person
-Providing Green Space@ 9 Sqm/ pers
- Compensating all hard surfaces with greens within buildings
roofs/walls
-Greening Roofs/terraces/ Walls
-Preserving all natural areas
-Preserving water channels/ features/ Bio- Diversity
-Protecting existing flora/faun -Creating City Forests
- using derelict areas for greening
- Greening all low lying areas
- Declaring all existing trees as protected tree- Chandigarh
-Using local trees
85. Using Technologies for-
Urban Planning—Preparing/ Making
amendments in Master Plans/ Development
Plans
Managing Transportation-
Efficient Services--Monitoring /managing
delivery of services- water supply
--sensor based garbage bins
--Tackling noise
Promoting Accessibility- making payments on
line
Minimising Pollution-
-Tackling air pollution
Promoting Efficiency--creating platform for efficiency
--breaking silos
-- lodging complaints/
Redressing Grievances-
-rendering services on line
86. Smart Technologies
• Using smart technologies for ;
• -- smart parking- to help find a parking space / allow for digital payment.
• -- smart traffic management-- to monitor traffic flows / optimise traffic
lights to reduce congestion/ride-sharing services / digital bus stops- bus
schedule -Managing Traffic/parking --Minimizing travel
• Promoting Energy conservation / environmental efficiencies- dimming
streetlights when roads are empty–
• -- improving operations /maintenance / planning -- power supplies.
• -- Combat climate change / air pollution
• --waste management / sanitation -- rubbish collection, bins /fleet
management
• -- Promoting safety measures-- monitoring areas of high crime-- using
sensors for early warning for floods, landslides, hurricanes or droughts.
• -- Smart buildings --structural health monitoring -- feedback to
determine when repairs are necessary.
• -- Citizens notifying officials of any problems,-- road potholes—
monitoring infrastructure problem leaks -- water pipes.
• -- improving efficiency of manufacturing, urban farming, energy use,
• -- connect all services to provide combined solutions for citizens.
88. •QUALITY LEADERSHIP
• Smart cities would require:
• well defined city ownership-ULBs
•Well defined city Leadership- Mayor
•Building a High performance team
•Adopting professional / Management
Approach
•Promoting Training and Development
•Investing in Learning
•Creating Culture of Accountability
•Securing Stakeholders Consensus
•Launching Pilot Programs in cities
•Prioritizing/defining Agenda for City Growth
•Each City to have a starting Point
•Mayors of Curitiba, New York, Washington,
Rio-de Janerio,, Bogota, Toledo ,London----,
created highest degree of urban
Leadership/Governance to make cities Smart
91. Future Cities-Conceptual
Ultima Tower- 2Mile High Sky City
•Location: Any densely populated urban
environment
•Date: 1991
•Cost: $150,000,000,000
•Population: 1,000,000 people
•Exterior surface area of building: 150,000,000
sft.
•Enclosed volume: 53,000,000,000 cubic feet
•Total enclosed acreage: 39,000 acres-156
secors
•Elevator speed: 20 feet per second (13 miles
per hour) 9 minutes and 40 seconds to reach
top floor from ground floor.
•Dimensions: Height--10,560 feet;
•Diameter at the base--6000 feet;
•Number of stories--500;
•Total Square Feet: Approximately 5,000,000 sft
92. Mile-High Tower-
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
• Location Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
• Cost US$28.5 billion
• Height 1 mile (1,600 m; 5,280 ft)
• Floor area3,530,000 m2 (38,000,000 sft)
• Capacity 80,000 people
• The tower will have -275 floors
• Lobby upto 5 th floor
• Offices 6- 50 floors
• Five-star hotel &Conference halls 51-75
floors
• Deluxe residential units 76-195 floors and
• Retail facilities 196-275 floors
• Alternate Energy Generation 196-275 floors
• Status of project
93. Earth Scraper – Mexico City
• Location- Mexico City
• Depth 300 m below ground
• Designed as Inverted Pyramid
• Glass floor to cover 240 mtrs X
240 mtrs. hole in cities main
square to filter natural light
• Preserve cities historic centre
and heritage buildings
surrounding square.
• Interior of building to look
natural.
• Building -- city’s top retail
destination.
94. •
• Three Mantra for Sustainable/Smart
cities --
• 1. Achieve smart growth
• -- finding best options to do things sustainably
• -- promote economic growth for people –
• -- making them earn good livelihood
• -- make them enjoy a good quality of life.
• 2. Do more with less–
• -- cities need money-- to accomplish all wants .
• Cities to collect, manage/spend resources effectively/ efficiently
• 3. Win support for change-
• - City leaders need to;-- deliver fast, positive, /visible results,
• - build support for changes.
• -- Involving high-performing civil servants
• -- making them accountable for their work—Singapore model
97. SDG 11- Cities/ Human settlements
• Targets-2030-- ensure access for all ts- Targets—
• -- adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums.
• -- to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road
safety, by expanding public transport, with special attention given to the needs of those in
vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities/ older persons.
• enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanisation and capacity for participatory, integrated
and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries.
• to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage.
• -- reduce the number of deaths / people affected / economic losses relative to GDP caused
by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and
people in vulnerable situations.
• -- reduce the adverse environmental impact of cities-- paying special attention to air quality
and municipal and other waste management.
• -- provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in
particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities.
• Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and
rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planning.
• -- substantially increase the number of cities /human settlements adopting and implementing
integrated policies and -plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and
adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line
with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk
management at all levels.
• Support least developed countries, through financial and technical assistance, in
building sustainable and resilient buildings utilising local materials
