Jagannath Institute Of Management Sciences, Vasant Kunj-II is one of the best BCA institutes. Dr. Arpana Shares here the Notes of Web Technologies. JIMS teaches the subject in III semester.

1. Jagannath Institute of Management Sciences
Vasant Kunj-II, New Delhi - 110070
Subject Name: BVITSD 506 : Web Programming
Department of Information Technology
Created By: Dr. Arpana Chaturvedi
@Dr. Arpana Chaturvedi

2. Subject: BVITSD 506 : Web Programming
Topic: Unit I- Client SideTechnologies-
Web 2.0
@Dr. Arpana Chaturvedi

3. Unit-I Client Side Technologies- Web 2.0
▰ What Is Web 2.0?
▰ Introduction to Web 2.0 terms
▰ Search Content Networks
▰ Blogging
▰ Social Networking
▰ Social Media
▰ Rich Internet Applications (RIAs)
▰ Web Services
▰ Mashups
▰ Widgets and Gadgets @Dr. Arpana Chaturvedi

4. What is Web 2.0
▰ Web 2.0 is the improved version of Web 1.0.
▰ The term Web 2.0 was coined in 1999 by Darcy DiNucci. However, it didn’t see
widespread usage until 2004 when it was popularized at the O’Reilly Media Web 2.0
Conference.
▰ It is characterized by the change from static to dynamic or user generated contents
or growth of the social media.
▰ Web 2.0 is the term used to describe a variety of web sites and applications that
allow anyone to create and share online information or material they have created.
@Dr. Arpana Chaturvedi

5. What is Web 2.0
▰ A Web 2.0 site may allow users to interact and collaborate with each other in a social
media dialogue as creators of user-generated content in a virtual community, in
contrast to Web sites where people are limited to the passive viewing of content.
▰ Web 2.0 differs from other types of websites as it does not require any web design or
publishing skills to participate, making it easy for people to create and publish or
communicate their work to the world.
▰ The nature of this technology makes it an easy and popular way to communicate
information to either a select group of people or to a much wider audience.
▰ It is online media that is interactive-anyone can make it, say something about it, and
update it in real time.
@Dr. Arpana Chaturvedi

6. Primary Characteristics of Web 2.0
▰ Web 2.0 sites are marked by three primary characteristics that set them apart from
their Web 1.0 predecessors:
▰ User-generated content: Whether in the form of blog comments, social media posts,
product reviews, or wiki article submissions and editorial input, Web 2.0 sites enable
website visitors to contribute to the content of the website.
▰ An emphasis on user experience: Features that are responsive to user input, such as
a map web application that you can use to create personalized directions for a road
trip, are a key component of Web 2.0.
▰ Improved interoperability: Web 2.0 websites began to incorporate application
programming interfaces (API) to enable the use of website content in an external
application or website, such as placing a social media feed in a website sidebar.

7. Web 2.0 Interaction

8. Web 2.0 Terminologies

9. Web 2.0 Terminologies/ Ingredients /Tools
▰ Search engine Optimization
▰ Wikies or Wikepedia
▰ Blogging
▰ RSS
▰ Semantic Web
▰ Social Media Marketing
▰ Social Book marking
▰ Content Marketing
▰ Google Doc
▰ Google Ad Sense
▰ Podcasting
▰ Mashups

10. Web 2.0 Terminologies / Ingredients
Social Web or Network: A social network is a social structure made up of a set of social
actors (such as individuals or organizations) and a set of the dyadic ties between these
actors.
The social network perspective provides a set of methods for analysing the structure of
whole social entities as well as a variety of theories explaining the patterns observed in
these structures.
Users can easily share information with each other. Sites like Facebook allows users to
build and customize their own profiles and communicate with friends.
Network as a Platform: User can deliver information and applications entirely through a
web browser. e.g. Google docs and Spreadsheets, a Service Provided by allows user to
create word processing documents and spreadsheets online.

11. Web 2.0 Terminologies / Ingredients
Rich Internet Applications (RIAs): A rich Internet application (RIA) is a Web application
designed to deliver the same features and functions normally associated with desktop
applications.
RIAs generally split the processing across the Internet/network divide by locating the
user interface and related activity and capability on the client side, and the data
manipulation and operation on the application server side.
RIA’s can:
1. Bring the desktop to the browser
2. Highly interactive applications (e.g. with drag and drop)
3. Based on AJAX, Flash, etc.

12. Web 2.0 Terminologies/Ingrediants
Service Oriented Architectures (SOAs) :Sometimes referred to as "software on demand," is software
that is deployed over the internet and/or is deployed to run behind a firewall on a local area
network or personal computer. With SaaS, a provider licenses an application to customers either
as a service on demand, through a subscription, in a "pay-as-you-go" model, or (increasingly) at no
charge. It enables the sharing of information and services between different Web 2.0 applications
Example: Web Services, RSS(RDF Site Summary or Really Simple Syndication) is a web feed that
allows users and applications to access updates to websites in a standardized, computer-readable
format. It includes full or summarized text, plus metadata), mashups, etc.
RDF (Resource Description Framework) is one of the fundamental building blocks or standard data
model of the Semantic Web used for data interchange on the Web. RDF extends the linking
structure of the Web to use URIs to name the relationship between things as well as the two ends
of the link (this is usually referred to as a “triple”).

13. Web 2.0 Terminologies/Ingrediants
1. Publish
2. Find
3. Bind/Invoke

14. SEO or Search Engine Optimization
Based on the Web 2.0 parameters, SEO is more about the user’s experience. In order for a site to
be optimized for search engine visibility it must contain well organized code and keyword rich
content.
An optimized site is one that is not only optimized for search engine visibility but also optimized for
an enhanced user experience.
▰ Optimizationgenerally consists of the following:
▻ Removal of bad code or any other roadblocks that will block a search engine from finding content
▻ Adding new keyword rich content as well as enhancing existing content
▻ Adding ALT attributes,proper file naming conventions and keyword rich page titles
▻ Adding Blogs and RSS which contain more keyword rich content
▻ And any other efforts to improve the amount and quality of keyword rich content as Web 2.0 is all
about improving the user’s experience.

15. Wikis or Wikipedia
▰ Wiki is an adaptation of a Hawaii word meaning “fast”. On the internet a wiki is the
next wave of Content Management Technology. It is a software application that
allows users (usually the general public) the ability to create, link and edit pages
easily.
▰ A wiki is a collaborative website that anyone within the community of users can
contribute to or edit.
▰ Wikis can be used by many types of organizations for lots of different
applications. For example, Wikipedia.com is a public information wiki where users
can add and edit information on just about any topic.
▰ Wikis can cover a specific topic or subject area.
▰ A wiki can be open to a global audience or can be restricted to a select network or
community.
▰ Wikis have vastly improved the speed to which information is exchanged and
updated on the web.

16. Blogs
▰ A blog is a contraction of the words web log.
▰ Blogs usually provide commentary or information on a particular issue,
event or topic.
▰ In some cases, blogs can be about a particular person; an online,
public, personal diary.
▰ A blog is usually maintained by a single person or a small group of
contributors.
▰ Visitors to the blog can comment on the entries made or respond to
comments made by other visitors.
▰ Blogs are primarily text but can also be the form of photos or other
images, sounds, or films.

17. Blogs
▰ A blog is simply an online journal. Common characteristics include:
▰ Latest entry first
▰ Archives
▰ Comments Capability
▰ Timely
▰ Generates a Feed (more on this later)
▰ Web design expertise generally not needed for creating entries and
comments

18. RSS- Rich Site Summary
▰ RSS (Really Simple Syndication or Rich Site Summary) is a format for delivering
regularly changing web content. Many news-related sites, blogs and other online
publishers syndicate their content as an RSS Feed to whoever may want to subscribe
to it.
▰ Someexamples of popularRSS feed subscriptions that you might have seen are:
▰ New York Times
▰ The Washington Post
▰ USA Today
▰ Blogs and RSS Feeds are easy ways to enhance the content richness of your
site. They are also proactive ways to stay connected with your visitors and engage
them in interactivity with your site by offering them the content they want on their
terms.

19. Semantic Web
▰ The goal of this W3C project is the creation of documents extended with information
about the meaning of the document. The document is enhanced with meta-data and
relational information.
▰ This adds meaning to documents beyond the content and this is an additional
information that can be processed by the computer and facilitate exchanging data.
▰ This is a combination of formats as XML of RDF (Resource Description Framework).
▰ An application of the Semantic Web is the FOAF standard.
▰ FOAF : Friend Of A Friend. This is a network of persons virtualized on the Web by
documents the computer can process.

20. Google Docs
▰ Provides word processor and other applications in an online environment
▰ Allows for creation, editing, and collaboration. Collaboration is a process defined by
the recursive interaction of knowledge and mutual learning between two or more
people who are working together, in an intellectual endeavour, toward a common
goal which is typically creative in nature.
▰ Saves revision history
▰ Free web-based office tools
▰ Word processor, Spreadsheet application, etc
▰ Mobile access via mobile phone
▰ Software as a service (SaaS)
▰ Data safety and privacy issues

21. Google AdSense
▰ Highly customised delivery of advertisements
▰ Shows advertisements delivered via Google AdWords
▰ New models for payment
▰ Pay-per-click in addition to pay-per-impression
▰ Any website owner can enrol.
▰ Sometimes very complementary information - e.g. blog with reviews
about specific products together with Google advertisements for these
products

22. Slide Share
▰ Social networking website to share presentations
▰ High quality educational material
▰ Various APIs for integration with other social networking websites
▰ Content may spread virally through social networks and blogs

23. Academia.edu
▰ Social networking website for researchers.
▰ Sharing and rating of resources
▰ Research papers, conference presentations, CVs, etc.
▰ Find researchers with similar research interests
▰ Other professional social networking websites LinkedIn, Xing,
▰ How to deal with profile information on different sites?
▰ Open standards for social networking

24. Social Networking
▰ Social networking allows an individual to create a profile for
themselves on the service and share that profile with other users with
similar interests to create a social network.
▰ Users can choose to have public profiles which can be viewed by
anyone or private profiles which can only be viewed by people that the
users allow.
▰ Users can usually post photographs, music and videos on their site.

25. Social Media Marketing
Example:
▰ www.Facebook.com
▰ www.Twitter.com
▰ www.YouTube.com
▰ www.linkedin.com/
▰ In business these sites are great ways to make quick connections to
contacts in an effort to promote a message, make further connections,
etc. LinkedIn.com is probably the best example of a business-centric
Social Networking site.

26. Social Bookmarking and Collaborative
Annotation
▰ Social Bookmarking technology like Delicious allows for aggregation
and tagging of website bookmarks in an online, communal
environment.
▰ Collaborative Annotation takes social bookmarking one step further,
allowing users to also comment directly on web pages

27. Facebook
▰ Social networking site
▰ Connect to friends and share information
▰ Information about current status
▰ Post messages on a user's public wall
▰ Send individual messages
▰ Share photos
▰ Easy to add individual applications
▰ Copyright issues
▰ What happens with content that has been uploaded to Facebook?
▰ Privacy issues

28. Twitter
▰ Twitter is a microblogging platform and social networking service
where messages (tweets) are posted in 140 characters or less
▰ On Twitter, communities are built around tweets (less about who you
know than what you have to say)
▰ Small messages (tweets) can be posted to a user profile
▰ often added via SMS
▰ reach millions of users from any place around the world within
seconds - used in protests and politics, emergencies

29. Content Hosting Services
▰ Content hosting or content sharing sites allow users to upload content
that they have created for others to view.
Two of the most popular of these sites are
▰ YouTube www.youtube.com for videos and
▰ Flickr www.flickr.com for photographs.
▰ Users can also create an individual profile and list their favourite
photos or videos.
▰ Users are able to rate and comment on the videos or photos posted
and provide feedback to the creator and other users.
▰ Copyright infringement is an issue for some of these services as many
users do not upload original content.

30. YouTube
▰ Video hosting and sharing website
▰ Social impact
▰ YouTube Internet celebrities
▰ Copyright issues
▰ Material from TV shows etc.
▰ Many broadcasting companies use YouTube as new channel
▰ Content can easily be embedded in external websites like blogs, social
networking sites etc.
▰ Acquired by Google in 2006

31. Flickr
▰ Image hosting and sharing website
▰ Image repository that is often used by bloggers
▰ Collaborative tagging - user-generated taxonomy (folksonomy) - one of
the first websites that implemented tag clouds
▰ Grouping in sets, collections and higher order collections - note that
an image may be added to multiple sets
▰ Offers a powerful Web Service API
▰ Can easily be integrated with third-party applications like Photo
sharing site
▰ Utilizes “tagging”: individual, descriptive words to assist in organizing
and locating images

32. Mashups
▰ Forexample,youmayuseAPIs fromsitessuchas these:
▰ Google Maps
▰ YouTube
▰ Weather.com
▰ eBay
▰ Yahoo
▰ Amazon
▰ Like any other Web 2.0 apps, mashups are just another way to
enhance the users experience by offering enhanced functionality and
content from multiple sources.

33. Mashups
▰ The term mashup originated in the music world referring to the
mashing of two or more songs together to make one new song.
▰ On the web a mashup refers to a web application that combines
content and functionality from a variety of different sites. Mashups
are mainly built using RSS (Really Simple Syndication or Rich Site
Summary) and AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML).

34. Mashups
▰ You can recognize a mashup site by the use of many recognizable
sources of content and functionality. These sources are generally
referred to as APIs. An API is an interface that allows for external
requests to be made for whatever content the site is offering.
▰ A mashup composes information and services from external sources
and offers them as part of a new service
▰ Various mashup tools - Yahoo Pipes etc.
▰ Mashup example: Composition of Google Maps and realtime
information about the position of airplanes -
http://www.flightradar24.com

35. Podcasting
▰ Podcasting is a way of making audio or video files available on the
internet that can either be listened to or viewed on a PC or downloaded
to a handheld device such as an iPod or mp3 player.
▰ A podcast will be treated as a sound recording (audio podcasts) or a
film (video podcasts, as known as vodcasts).
▰ Podcasts may also include images, including PowerPoint
presentations. If there is a script or lecture notes for the podcast, that
will be protected as a literary work.
▰ There may be multiple layers of copyright in a podcast, depending on
the content of the podcast.

36. Podcasting
▰ If there is a presenter or a subject being interviewed, they will not only
own copyright in their presentation or interview but they will have
performers’ rights.
▰ There will also be a separate copyright in the actual recording itself.
Each of these services will have copyright implications that need to be
managed.
▰ The copyright issues will vary depending on the type of content that
can be created or contributed and how users of the site will interact
with the material on the site.
▰ There may also be other legal issues, such as privacy and defamation,
to consider.

37. Widgets and Gadgets
▰ Widgets, also referred to as gadgets, are mini applications designed to run either as
standalone applications or as add-on features in web pages.
▰ Newsweek called 2007 the “Year of the Widget” because of the huge increase in
popularity of these applications.
▰ 128 Widgets can be used to personalize your Internet experience by displaying real-
time weather conditions, aggregating RSS feeds, viewing maps, receiving event
reminders, providing easy access to search engines and more.
▰ The availability of web services, APIs and various tools makes it easy even for
beginner programmers to develop widgets.
▰ There are many catalogues of widgets online—one of the most all-inclusive is
Widgipedia,.

38. Web 2.0 Apps, Gadgets, & Widgets
▰ The difference between these terms depends on the context of the conversation and
who is involved in the discussion.
▰ Google likes Gadgets,
▰ Microsoft likes Widgets, and
▰ Apple likes Apps.
▰ People from these organizations seem to use these terms interchangeably.
▰ The high level description of these terms is: “A snippet of code that is shared to
serve a specific purpose”.
▰ It is important to know (for security and privacy issues) that the code can be hosted
locally or externally. The good news is apps, gadgets, and widgets can be created
with common JavaScript, HTML, and CSS.

39. Web 2.0 & Copyright
▰ A contentious issue in using Web 2.0 is intellectual property rights, particularly copyright.
▰ Copyright law exists to protect an author or creator’s work and allow them to generate an
income from that work, while at the same time allowing the community to use copyright
material for socially beneficial purposes.
▰ Advocates for copyright argue that it encourages people to create works such as books, films,
music, images etc. because they are able to recoup their expenses by exercising exclusive
rights over the use of their work.
▰ The internet has made it cheaper and easier for authors and other creators to create material
and make it widely available to a global audience.
▰ Critics of copyright law maintain that since it is cheaper and easier to produce a book, film,
song or image, copyright protection is no longer necessary to protect and encourage
creativity. They believe that by freely allowing a person to reproduce or adapt an existing work,
creativity will flourish

40. Web 3.0
▰ It refers the evolution of web utilization and interaction which
includes altering the Web into a database. In enables the
upgradation of back-end of the web, after a long time of focus on
the front-end (Web 2.0 has mainly been about AJAX, tagging, and
another front-end user-experience innovation).
▰ Web 3.0 is a term which is used to describe many evolutions of
web usage and interaction among several paths. In this, data isn’t
owned but instead shared, where services show different views for
the same web / the same data.

41. Web 3.0
▰ The Semantic Web (3.0) promises to establish “the world’s
information” in more reasonable way than Google can ever attain
with their existing engine schema.
▰ This is particularly true from the perspective of machine conception
as opposed to human understanding.
▰ The Semantic Web necessitates the use of a declarative ontological
language like OWL to produce domain-specific ontologies that
machines can use to reason about information and make new
conclusions, not simply match keywords

42. Features of Web 3.0
▰ SemanticWeb
The succeeding evolution of the Web involves the Semantic Web. The semantic
web improves web technologies in demand to create, share and connect content
through search and analysis based on the capability to comprehend the meaning
of words, rather than on keywords or numbers.
▰ Artificial Intelligence
Combining this capability with natural language processing, in Web 3.0,
computers can distinguish information like humans in order to provide faster and
more relevant results. They become more intelligent to fulfil the requirements of
users.

43. Web 3.0
▰ 3D Graphics
The three-dimensional design is being used widely in websites and services in Web
3.0. Museum guides, computer games, ecommerce, geospatial contexts, etc. are all
examples that use 3D graphics.
▰ Connectivity
With Web 3.0, information is more connected thanks to semantic metadata. As a
result, the user experience evolves to another level of connectivity that leverages all
the available information.
▰Ubiquity
Content is accessible by multiple applications, every device is connected to the web,
the services can be used everywhere.

44. Difference between Web 1.0, Web 2.0, Web 3.0
Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0
Mostly Read-Only Wildly Read-Write Portable and Personal
Company Focus Community Focus Individual Focus
Home Pages Blogs / Wikis Live-streams / Waves
Owning Content Sharing Content Consolidating Content
Web Forms Web Applications Smart Applications
Directories Tagging User Behaviour
Page Views Cost Per Click User Engagement
Banner Advertising Interactive Advertising Behavioural Advertising
Britannica Online Wikipedia The Semantic Web

45. Advantages of Web 2.0
▰ Available at any time, any place.
▰ Variety of media.
▰ Ease of usage.
▰ Learners can actively be involved in knowledge building.
▰ Can create dynamic learning communities.
▰ Everybody is the author and the editor, every edit that has been made
can be tracked.
▰ User-friendly.
▰ Updates in the wiki are immediate and it offers more sources for
researchers.
▰ It provides real-time discussion.

46. Thank You !!