Memory & its types

2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION OF MEMORY
• WHY IS MEMORY REQUIRED IN COMPUTER
• TYPES OF MEMORY-
 PRIMARY MEMORY / VOLATILE
MEMORY
 SECONDARY MEMORY / NON-VOLATILE
MEMORY
• CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
• Computer memory is any physical device capable of
storing information temporarily or permanently. For
example, Random Access Memory (RAM), is a
volatile memory that stores information on
an integrated circuit used by the operating
system, software, and hardware.

4. WHY IS MEMORY REQUIRED IN
COMPUTER
• The computer memory is a temporary storage area. It
holds the data and instructions that the Central
Processing Unit (CPU) needs. Before a program can
be run, the program is loaded from some storage
medium into the memory. This allows the CPU direct
access to the program.

5. TYPES OF MEMORY
• Primary Memory = It is also Known as volatile
memory because the memory
can’t store the data permanently. Primary memory
select any part of memory when user want to save the
data in memory but that may not be store permanently
on that location.
TYPES OF PRIMARY MEMORY-
 RAM
 ROM

6.  RAM = A RAM memory chip is an integrated circuit
(IC) made of millions of transistors and
capacitors. In the most common form of computer
memory, dynamic random access memory (DRAM),
a transistor and a capacitor are combines to create a
memory cell, which represents a single bit of data.

7. TYPES OF RAM-
STATIC RAM-
– Semi conductor memory
– Uses flip flop to store each bit of memory
– so does not need to be periodically refreshed
– Fast and consumes low power
– Expensive and has complex structure(6 transistors)
so not used for high capacity applications

8.  DYNAMIC RAM-
– Stores each bit of memory in capacitor in an
intrgrated circuit
– Real capacitors leak charge so capacitors need to
be refreshed periodically
– Simple structure (1 capacitor and 1 transistor per
bit) so it has very high density

9.  ROM = ROM is permanent memory location that
offer huge types of standards to save data.
But it work with read only operation. No data lose
happen whenever power failure occur during the
ROM memory work in computers.

10. TYPES OF ROM-
 PROGRAMMABLE READ ONLY MEMORY
(PROM)-
– Programmed to record the information using a
facility PROM – programmmer
– Once the information is recorded it cannot be
changed

11.  ERASABLE PROGRAMMABLE READ ONLY
MEMORY (EPROM)-
– Information can be erased and chip can be
reprogrammed to record different information
using PROM programmer
– In formation is erased using UV radiations
– It is of two types- Ultra Voilet Erasable
Programmable Read Only Memory (UEPROM)
and Electrically Alterable Programmable Read
Only Memory (EAPROM)

12.  ELECTRICALLY ERASABLE
PROGRAMMABLE READ ONLY MEMORY
(EEPROM)-
• Memory is erased by electrical signals
• Provides easy means to store temporary or permanent
information in the form of ROM memory

13.  CACHE MEMORY –
– Faster and expensive than RAM
– It improves the computer’s performance and is less
than 512 KB
– Processor can use it to store frequently accessed
data and programs instructions
– It is of two types – L1 / primary cache(inside
microprocessor) and L2/ secondary cache(in the
mother board or near the microprocessor)

14. • Secondary Memory = Secondary memory is
computer memory that is non-
volatile and persistent in nature and is not directly
accessed by a computer/processor. It allows a user to
store data that may be instantly and easily retrieved,
transported and used by applications and services.
TYPES OF SECONDARY MEMORY
 Magnetic Based
 Optical Based

15.  MAGNETIC BASED-
• Prepared using formatting
• Data is recorded on disk in concentric circular bands
called tracks.
• MAGNETIC TAPE
• FLOPPY DISK
• HARD DISK

16.  Optical Based –
• Stores large amount of data in some formats as much as
the entire hard disk
• Reads data by focusing a laser- generated beam of light
on light on disc’s surface
• CD- ROM discs
• DVD- ROM discs

17. CONCLUSION
• These memories both Primary & Secondary memory
are useful to store the valuable data and it can be
transfer from one node to another node.