COMMUNICATION
PROCESSES, PRINCIPLES
& ETHICS
Prepared by: Alexandra Jaballa-Bolusan

Sabi nga…
“If you can communicate, you can get by.
But if you can communicate skillfully, you
can work miracles.”
-- Jim Rohn

Outcomes
At the end of the lesson you are expected to:
• increase knowledge in communication, its processes and principles
hence become more skillful communicators;
• heighten awareness on communication ethics resulting conscientious
and respectful interactions; and
• apply the gained knowledge through class exercises

True or False?
• Man can not communicate.
• Communication is very powerful.
• Everything created by the great Creator is incessantly engaged in various
forms of communication.
• We are always engaged in almost all sorts of communication.
• Communication is something continuous and may not have a definite end.

What is communication?
• Is a human act of sending (verbal or nonverbal; online of offline) and
receiving of messages where interpretations are normally constructed
in the process.
• Is a process whereby people create and transmit meaning through
the exchange of verbal and nonverbal messages in particular context
(Oetzel, 2009:11).
• A natural activity of people

What then is purposive communication?
Purposive communication
• is an intentional communication that happens within the bounds of
specific contexts.
• is a communication applied in a specific setting, environment, scene,
social relations and culture
Contexts affects the process of sending and receiving of messages;
semantics or meanings, choice of channels, words and methods of
delivery.

Context includes:
1. Settings or environment – family, school, workplace, religious
communities
2. Social relationships – friends, husband and wife, parent child,
colleagues/boss-subordinate in the office
3. Scenes which include place, time and occasion – business meeting,
job interview, social gathering – parties, weddings, etc.)
4. Culture – history, tradition, beliefs, norms, values

Elements of Communication
1. Sender – source of idea (from WHOM)
2. Message - the idea being communicated (WHAT)
3. Channels – the medium (HOW)
4. Receiver – where the message is going (to WHOM)

Elements of Communication:
Sender – the message will only be as good and valid as its source
• The source of idea
• Must be able to use the language that the receiver
understands.
• Correct grammar
• Phonetics
• Choice of words or jargons for an appropriate audience
• Sentence construction
• Discourse competence

Elements of Communication:
Sender – the message will only be as good and valid as its source
• Delivery
• Good voice projection
• Use of appropriate eye contact
• Proper articulation of words and emphasis on important words
“It’s not always what you say but how you say it.”
-- sabi nga

Elements of Communication:
Message – What needs to be communicated
The FIVE C’s in communication:
• Courtesy
• Clarity
• Conciseness
• Concreteness
• Completeness

The FIVE C’s in communication:
Courtesy also known as politeness.
Ways to demonstrate courtesy:
• using polite words and tone to show respect to the receiver of the
message.
• applying tact and diplomacy
• developing the “WE” attitude using positive words instead of negative
• being considerate of the feelings of the receiver
• selecting gender-free terms
• responding promptly to important messages

The FIVE C’s in communication:
Clarity may involve correct word usage,
grammar, pronunciation, sentence
construction and delivery.
Messages which are unclear oftentimes do not
achieve their desired effect.

The FIVE C’s in communication:
Conciseness is saying what needs to be said in as
few words as possible. Avoid flowery words.
Remember:
“Our goal is to communicate and not to impress.”
-- yari ka

The FIVE C’s in communication:
Concreteness. This refers to being
specific.
- providing example when necessary
makes a message more comprehensible.

The FIVE C’s in communication:
Completeness. To avoid ambiguity,
messages should not leave out important
details that a receiver expects to know.
Answer:
What, Who, When, Where, Why and How

Elements of Communication:
Channels
The choice of channel may depend on the availability,
practicality, and its impact on the receiver.
Channels:
• Telephone
• Radio
• Television
• Printed texts (books, newspapers, magazines, journals, posters, etc.)
• Communication technologies (smart phones, tablets, computers)

Elements of Communication:
Receiver
• Must have good listening and comprehension skills
• Eliminate all possible distractions or noises
• Types of noise (physical, environmental, psychological, emotional)
• Sharpness of cognition through continuous studies and acquisition of
information and knowledge

Questions?

Thank you!