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Information Technology in Radiology
1. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Information Technology in Radiology
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail
Rays & Waves Radiology Clinic
October 30, 2014
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
2. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Table of Contents
1 Introduction
2 Radiology
3 Information Technology
4 Application of Information Technology to Radiology
5 Conclusion
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
3. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Radiology
Definition Medical specialty that uses imaging to diagnose
diseases [Wikipedia]
Fundamental Concerns Just two things:
1 Image acquisition
2 Interpretation of Images viz-a-viz Disease states
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
4. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Radiology
Definition Medical specialty that uses imaging to diagnose
diseases [Wikipedia]
Fundamental Concerns Just two things:
1 Image acquisition
2 Interpretation of Images viz-a-viz Disease states
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
5. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Information Technology
Definition Application of Computers and Telecommunications
equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate
data, often in the context of a business or other
enterprise [Wikipedia]
Fundamental Concern Automation
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
6. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Information Technology
Definition Application of Computers and Telecommunications
equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate
data, often in the context of a business or other
enterprise [Wikipedia]
Fundamental Concern Automation
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
7. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Modalities
Sound Ultrasound
X-rays Radiography, Fluoroscopy and Computed
Tomography
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
8. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Modalities
Sound Ultrasound
X-rays Radiography, Fluoroscopy and Computed
Tomography
Magnets Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
9. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Modalities
Sound Ultrasound
X-rays Radiography, Fluoroscopy and Computed
Tomography
Magnets Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Sub-atomic particles Nuclear Medicine, and Positron Emission
Tomography
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
10. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Modalities
Sound Ultrasound
X-rays Radiography, Fluoroscopy and Computed
Tomography
Magnets Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Sub-atomic particles Nuclear Medicine, and Positron Emission
Tomography
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
11. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Modalities
Hardware Typical Configuration: Client – Server Architecture:
Server + Dedicated Multi-modality viewing
Work-station
Server + General-purpose PC
Networks 1GB or faster ethernet hardware. Fast routers.
Implementations:
Local Area Network
Wide Area Network
Virtual Private Network
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
12. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Modalities
Hardware Typical Configuration: Client – Server Architecture:
Server + Dedicated Multi-modality viewing
Work-station
Server + General-purpose PC
Networks 1GB or faster ethernet hardware. Fast routers.
Implementations:
Local Area Network
Wide Area Network
Virtual Private Network
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
13. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Modalities
Software Stored Instructions and procedures. DICOM is the
underlying protocol
Server + Fat client Server and Dedicated Client:
ConQuest DICOM-server +
k-PACS image-viewer
Osirix Server + Osirix
Image-viewer
Server + Thin client Server and Web browser
Clear Canvas Image Server +
Web-browser
Orthanc Server + Web-browser
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
14. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Radiology already involves an intense use of Science,
Technology and Information. Can Computers,
Tele-communication and Information systems still add value?
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
15. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Applications
Computed Radiography Computerized Radiography
Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) Provides
economical storage of, and convenient access to,
images from multiple modalities.
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
16. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Applications
Computed Radiography Computerized Radiography
Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) Provides
economical storage of, and convenient access to,
images from multiple modalities.
Radiology Information System (RIS) Computerized database used
to store, manipulate and distribute patient
radiological data and imagery.
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
17. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Applications
Computed Radiography Computerized Radiography
Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) Provides
economical storage of, and convenient access to,
images from multiple modalities.
Radiology Information System (RIS) Computerized database used
to store, manipulate and distribute patient
radiological data and imagery.
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
18. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Applications
Teleradiology Transmission of radiological images from one
location to another for the purpose of sharing studies
with other radiologists and physicians.
Voice Recognition System Translation of spoken words into text
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
19. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Applications
Teleradiology Transmission of radiological images from one
location to another for the purpose of sharing studies
with other radiologists and physicians.
Voice Recognition System Translation of spoken words into text
Computer-aided Diagnosis Pattern-recognition softwares highlight
suspicious areas on images, and draws the attention
of the radiologist to suspicious areas
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
20. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Applications
Teleradiology Transmission of radiological images from one
location to another for the purpose of sharing studies
with other radiologists and physicians.
Voice Recognition System Translation of spoken words into text
Computer-aided Diagnosis Pattern-recognition softwares highlight
suspicious areas on images, and draws the attention
of the radiologist to suspicious areas
Decision Support Systems Particularly useful in assisting decision
for appropriate Imaging and follow-up Imaging
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
21. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Applications
Teleradiology Transmission of radiological images from one
location to another for the purpose of sharing studies
with other radiologists and physicians.
Voice Recognition System Translation of spoken words into text
Computer-aided Diagnosis Pattern-recognition softwares highlight
suspicious areas on images, and draws the attention
of the radiologist to suspicious areas
Decision Support Systems Particularly useful in assisting decision
for appropriate Imaging and follow-up Imaging
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
22. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Computed Radiography
Combines four steps involved in radiographic film development
into just one step:
Developer A base (alkali) and metal solution used in
reducing ionized silver bromide crystals on
radiographic films to black metallic silver crystals
Stopper A glacial acetic acid solution used to neutralize
any excessive development of the film
Fixer Solution used to preserve radiographic image
over time
Rinsing and Drying Dry off water to allow film to be reported
Using a laser scanner to directly acquire images from a
photostimulable phospor imaging plate
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
23. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Computed Radiography
Combines four steps involved in radiographic film development
into just one step:
Developer A base (alkali) and metal solution used in
reducing ionized silver bromide crystals on
radiographic films to black metallic silver crystals
Stopper A glacial acetic acid solution used to neutralize
any excessive development of the film
Fixer Solution used to preserve radiographic image
over time
Rinsing and Drying Dry off water to allow film to be reported
Using a laser scanner to directly acquire images from a
photostimulable phospor imaging plate
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
24. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Picture Archiving and Communication System
Uses the DICOM standard to acquire images and data from
different HL7-compliant radiological imaging modalities
Stores images on RAIDs. RAID 5 in particular
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
25. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Picture Archiving and Communication System
Uses the DICOM standard to acquire images and data from
different HL7-compliant radiological imaging modalities
Stores images on RAIDs. RAID 5 in particular
Makes images available to reporting radiologists and clinicians
over high-speed broadband networks
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
26. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Picture Archiving and Communication System
Uses the DICOM standard to acquire images and data from
different HL7-compliant radiological imaging modalities
Stores images on RAIDs. RAID 5 in particular
Makes images available to reporting radiologists and clinicians
over high-speed broadband networks
Same image is simultaneously available over a LAN, a WAN
or the internet for reporting and clinical decision making
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
27. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Picture Archiving and Communication System
Uses the DICOM standard to acquire images and data from
different HL7-compliant radiological imaging modalities
Stores images on RAIDs. RAID 5 in particular
Makes images available to reporting radiologists and clinicians
over high-speed broadband networks
Same image is simultaneously available over a LAN, a WAN
or the internet for reporting and clinical decision making
Long term storage is ensured by periodic off-site back-ups
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
28. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Picture Archiving and Communication System
Uses the DICOM standard to acquire images and data from
different HL7-compliant radiological imaging modalities
Stores images on RAIDs. RAID 5 in particular
Makes images available to reporting radiologists and clinicians
over high-speed broadband networks
Same image is simultaneously available over a LAN, a WAN
or the internet for reporting and clinical decision making
Long term storage is ensured by periodic off-site back-ups
Provides fast image retrieval and redundant image availability
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
29. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Picture Archiving and Communication System
Uses the DICOM standard to acquire images and data from
different HL7-compliant radiological imaging modalities
Stores images on RAIDs. RAID 5 in particular
Makes images available to reporting radiologists and clinicians
over high-speed broadband networks
Same image is simultaneously available over a LAN, a WAN
or the internet for reporting and clinical decision making
Long term storage is ensured by periodic off-site back-ups
Provides fast image retrieval and redundant image availability
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
30. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Radiologic Information System
Specialized instance of a Health Information System
addressing the peculiar needs of a radiology department
One-time input of patient data such as: name, age, gender,
registration number etc
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
31. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Radiologic Information System
Specialized instance of a Health Information System
addressing the peculiar needs of a radiology department
One-time input of patient data such as: name, age, gender,
registration number etc
Patient data can also be acquired from a hospital-wide HIS
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
32. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Radiologic Information System
Specialized instance of a Health Information System
addressing the peculiar needs of a radiology department
One-time input of patient data such as: name, age, gender,
registration number etc
Patient data can also be acquired from a hospital-wide HIS
Can Communicate via a Dicom Modality Work-list with
imaging equipments [Grainger & Allison, 2008]
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
33. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Radiologic Information System
Specialized instance of a Health Information System
addressing the peculiar needs of a radiology department
One-time input of patient data such as: name, age, gender,
registration number etc
Patient data can also be acquired from a hospital-wide HIS
Can Communicate via a Dicom Modality Work-list with
imaging equipments [Grainger & Allison, 2008]
Same patient data can be linked with multiple images from
different imaging modalities
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
34. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Radiologic Information System
Specialized instance of a Health Information System
addressing the peculiar needs of a radiology department
One-time input of patient data such as: name, age, gender,
registration number etc
Patient data can also be acquired from a hospital-wide HIS
Can Communicate via a Dicom Modality Work-list with
imaging equipments [Grainger & Allison, 2008]
Same patient data can be linked with multiple images from
different imaging modalities
Reduces clerical errors by eliminating multiple entry of same
patient information in different imaging equipment
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
35. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Radiologic Information System
Specialized instance of a Health Information System
addressing the peculiar needs of a radiology department
One-time input of patient data such as: name, age, gender,
registration number etc
Patient data can also be acquired from a hospital-wide HIS
Can Communicate via a Dicom Modality Work-list with
imaging equipments [Grainger & Allison, 2008]
Same patient data can be linked with multiple images from
different imaging modalities
Reduces clerical errors by eliminating multiple entry of same
patient information in different imaging equipment
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
36. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Teleradiology
Images transmitted over broadband networks to off-site
reporting radiologist
Enables off-site reporting of radiological images
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
37. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Teleradiology
Images transmitted over broadband networks to off-site
reporting radiologist
Enables off-site reporting of radiological images
Enables virtual Multi-disciplinary Team Meetings
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
38. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Teleradiology
Images transmitted over broadband networks to off-site
reporting radiologist
Enables off-site reporting of radiological images
Enables virtual Multi-disciplinary Team Meetings
Emerging area of Tele-education
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
39. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Teleradiology
Images transmitted over broadband networks to off-site
reporting radiologist
Enables off-site reporting of radiological images
Enables virtual Multi-disciplinary Team Meetings
Emerging area of Tele-education
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
40. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Voice Recognition System
Seeks to automate stenography
Typical Reporting Work-flow:
Radiologist’s Dictation ⇒ Secretary ⇒ Typed Report
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
41. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Voice Recognition System
Seeks to automate stenography
Typical Reporting Work-flow:
Radiologist’s Dictation ⇒ Secretary ⇒ Typed Report
Automated Reporting Work-flow:
Radiologist’s Dictation ⇒ Voice Recognition Software ⇒
Computerized Report [Grainger & Allison, 2008]
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
42. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Voice Recognition System
Seeks to automate stenography
Typical Reporting Work-flow:
Radiologist’s Dictation ⇒ Secretary ⇒ Typed Report
Automated Reporting Work-flow:
Radiologist’s Dictation ⇒ Voice Recognition Software ⇒
Computerized Report [Grainger & Allison, 2008]
Faster
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
43. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Voice Recognition System
Seeks to automate stenography
Typical Reporting Work-flow:
Radiologist’s Dictation ⇒ Secretary ⇒ Typed Report
Automated Reporting Work-flow:
Radiologist’s Dictation ⇒ Voice Recognition Software ⇒
Computerized Report [Grainger & Allison, 2008]
Faster
Report is instantly verified and signed by radiologist author
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
44. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Voice Recognition System
Seeks to automate stenography
Typical Reporting Work-flow:
Radiologist’s Dictation ⇒ Secretary ⇒ Typed Report
Automated Reporting Work-flow:
Radiologist’s Dictation ⇒ Voice Recognition Software ⇒
Computerized Report [Grainger & Allison, 2008]
Faster
Report is instantly verified and signed by radiologist author
Interfaces with the RIS and PACS
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
45. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Voice Recognition System
Seeks to automate stenography
Typical Reporting Work-flow:
Radiologist’s Dictation ⇒ Secretary ⇒ Typed Report
Automated Reporting Work-flow:
Radiologist’s Dictation ⇒ Voice Recognition Software ⇒
Computerized Report [Grainger & Allison, 2008]
Faster
Report is instantly verified and signed by radiologist author
Interfaces with the RIS and PACS
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
46. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Computer-aided Diagnosis (CADx)
Uses pattern recognition to identify disease patterns in images
Machine learning technology is utilized to optimize algorithm
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
47. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Computer-aided Diagnosis (CADx)
Uses pattern recognition to identify disease patterns in images
Machine learning technology is utilized to optimize algorithm
Images compared with anatomic databank of normal and
abnormal images
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
48. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Computer-aided Diagnosis (CADx)
Uses pattern recognition to identify disease patterns in images
Machine learning technology is utilized to optimize algorithm
Images compared with anatomic databank of normal and
abnormal images
Uses Artificial Neural Network and Bayesian statistics in
analyzing images for probability of disease
[Stivaros et al, 2010]
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
49. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Computer-aided Diagnosis (CADx)
Uses pattern recognition to identify disease patterns in images
Machine learning technology is utilized to optimize algorithm
Images compared with anatomic databank of normal and
abnormal images
Uses Artificial Neural Network and Bayesian statistics in
analyzing images for probability of disease
[Stivaros et al, 2010]
Technology also used in Computer-aided Simple Triage
(CAST)
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
50. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Computer-aided Diagnosis (CADx)
Uses pattern recognition to identify disease patterns in images
Machine learning technology is utilized to optimize algorithm
Images compared with anatomic databank of normal and
abnormal images
Uses Artificial Neural Network and Bayesian statistics in
analyzing images for probability of disease
[Stivaros et al, 2010]
Technology also used in Computer-aided Simple Triage
(CAST)
Supplements and assists, not replace, human evaluation
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
51. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Computer-aided Diagnosis (CADx)
Uses pattern recognition to identify disease patterns in images
Machine learning technology is utilized to optimize algorithm
Images compared with anatomic databank of normal and
abnormal images
Uses Artificial Neural Network and Bayesian statistics in
analyzing images for probability of disease
[Stivaros et al, 2010]
Technology also used in Computer-aided Simple Triage
(CAST)
Supplements and assists, not replace, human evaluation
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
55. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Decision Support Systems
Uses bayesian statistics to make a weighted combination of:
Evidence in peer-reviewed publications
Information from Domain Experts
National Specialty Guidelines
Patient Information in the HIS
To Make Appropriate Imaging Requests
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
57. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Decision Support Systems
Aimed at Automating the work of a Radiology Benefit
Manager
Assists clinicians in making appropriate Evidence-based Image
ordering
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
58. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Decision Support Systems
Aimed at Automating the work of a Radiology Benefit
Manager
Assists clinicians in making appropriate Evidence-based Image
ordering
Increasingly being used by radiologists in making informed
imaging recommendations
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
59. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Decision Support Systems
Aimed at Automating the work of a Radiology Benefit
Manager
Assists clinicians in making appropriate Evidence-based Image
ordering
Increasingly being used by radiologists in making informed
imaging recommendations
More objective and transparent replacement of the job of a
Radiology Benefit Manager [ACR-RBMA, 2011]
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
60. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Decision Support Systems
Aimed at Automating the work of a Radiology Benefit
Manager
Assists clinicians in making appropriate Evidence-based Image
ordering
Increasingly being used by radiologists in making informed
imaging recommendations
More objective and transparent replacement of the job of a
Radiology Benefit Manager [ACR-RBMA, 2011]
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
61. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
To What End?
Machinery . . . will facilitate and abridge labour [Smith, 1776]
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
63. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Increased Productivity
What difference does automation make in productivity?
What is the difference in productivity between a manual
worker and an automated worker?
A mathematical metaphor:
Lazy Manual worker: ⇒ 0.2365 = 0
Efficient Manual worker: ⇒ 0.99365 = 0.026
Automated Worker: ⇒ 1.01365 = 37.78
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
64. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Increased Revenue
Directly from the Increased Productivity
From accreted Value.
Data Client Database
Data Image Repositories
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
65. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
Increased Revenue
Directly from the Increased Productivity
From accreted Value.
Data Client Database
Data Image Repositories
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
66. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
References
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiology
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information technology
Stivaros SM, Gledson A, Nenadic G, Zeng XJ, Keane J, Jackson A.
Decision support systems for clinical radiological practice – towards the
next generation.
Br J Radiol. 2010 Nov;83(995):904-14. doi: 10.1259/bjr/33620087.
Review.
PMID:20965900 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Adam Smith (1776)
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations
http://www2.hn.psu.edu/faculty/jmanis/adam-smith/wealth-nations.pdf
12(3), 45 – 678.
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology
67. Introduction
Radiology
Information Technology
Application of Information Technology to Radiology
Conclusion
References
ACR-RBMA Best Practices Guidelines on Radiology Benefits Management
Programs (2011)
http://www.rbma.org/uploadedFiles/RBMA Web site/Advocacy/Advocacy Payer
RBMA%20Best%20Practices%20for%20Radiology%20Benefits%20Management
%20Programs.pdf
Grainger & Allison’s Diagnostic Radiology (5th
edition).
Section 1, Chapter 1
Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier
Dr. Adegbenga Ismail Information Technology in Radiology