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- 1. Multi purpose river projects and integrated water resources management Atharva, Avishi, Gayatri, Ishani, Leena, Nehal, Nikita
- 2. Building hydraulic structures • A commonly adapted solution for water conservation going way back to the first century BCE This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
- 3. History and Hydraulic Constructions • 1st Century BCE- Sringaverapura, Andhra Pradesh • Water harvesting system • Comprises three percolation-cum-storage tanks, fed by an 11 m wide and 5 m deep canal that used to skim the floodwaters off the Ganga. • Water from the canal first entered a silting chamber where the dirt settled. This relatively clean water was then directed to the first brick- lined tank (Tank A), then through a stepped inlet (which cleaned the water further) on to Tank B. This tank constituted the primary source of water supply. Next, the water passed to a circular Tank C, which had an elaborate staircase. An elaborate waste weir, consisting of seven spill channels, a crest, and a final exit, ensured that the excess water flowed back into the Ganga.
- 4. Other historical evidences 321-297 BCE Chandragupta Maurya’s reign: Dams, irrigation systems etc. 11th Century the Bhopal Lake 14th Century Sultan Iltutmish, in Haus Khas, Delhi
- 5. DAMS Spillway: created to ensure that excess water, if accumulated, can be emptied thereby not degrading the dam itself Material used: - Timber dams - Embankment dams - Mansory dams Height: - Large/Major dams - Low dams - Medium height dams - High dams
- 6. Uses of Dams Electricity generation (hydropower) Irrigation/ Domestic water supply Flood control, inland navigation Fish breeding, Recreation
- 7. DAMS AND CONFLICT • Construction of a dam requires major displacement of people around it • Displacement => livelihoods lost • Deforestation and pollution
- 9. Regulating flow of water results in poor sediment flow
- 10. 1. THIS MAY ALSO LEAD TO EXCESSIVE SEDIMENTATION MAKING THE RIVER BEDS ROCKIER AND POOR HABITATS FOR AQUATIC LIFE. • DAMS FRAGMENT RIVERS MAKING IT HARD FOR AQUATIC ANIMALS TO MIGRATE.
- 11. • SINCE WATER IS AVAILABLE IN LARGE QUANTITIES, FARMERS GROW WATER INTENSIVE CROPS. • THIS CHANGE IN CROPPING AND IRRIAGTION LEADS TO SALINISATION OF SOIL.
- 12. 1. IT ALSO SUBMERGES VEGETATION LEADING TO SOIL DEGRADATION
- 13. 1. BIG DAMS THAT HAVE BEEN CONSTRUCTED TO RESTRICT FLOODS HAVE FAILED TO DO SO BECAUSE OF EXCESSIVE SEDIMENTATION. • EG- MAHARASHTRA AND GUJRAT (2006)
- 14. SOCIAL REASONS 1. A SOCIAL REASON ASSOCIATED WITH THE OPPOSION IS THAT A LARGE AMOUNT OF LOCALS GET DISPLACED FROM THEIR HOMES AND VILLAGES.
- 15. • IT INCREASE THE GAP BETWEEN THE RICH LANDLORDS AND THE LANDLESS POOR, THUS LEADING TO SOCIAL CONFLICTS.
- 17. • THE BUILDING OF THE SARDAR SAROVAR DAM WAS MUCH DISPUTED BECAUSE ENVIRONMENTALISTS BELIEVED IT WOULD SUBMERGE COUNTLESS TREES. • THIS LED TO THE NARMADA BACHAO ANDOLAN, WHICH WAS ORGANISED BY A NGO AGAINST THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE DAM. • EVEN AFTER IT’S CONSTRUCTION, FARMERS ALMOST CAUSED A RIOT BECAUSE OF THE PREFERENCE GIVEN TO URBAN AREAS FOR MORE WATER SUPPLY
- 18. Thank You!
Editor's Notes
- 1- embankment, 2- dam, 3-reservoir, 4-canal
- 1- Dams, lakes, irrigation systems 2-
- Act as a barrier for flowing water Block or retard water flow Jawaharlal Nehru proudly proclaimed the dams as the ‘temples of modern India’; the reason being that it would integrate development of agriculture and the village economy with rapid industrialisation and growth of the urban economy.