In this session we'll go over the two most common open source relational databases. We'll start with a quick introduction to relational theory and an overview of why this technology is still powerful and relevant. We will address the challenges and operational specifics of developing against relational databases on Cloud environments. Note: This talk is aimed to developers

1. Relational
Databases
in the Cloud

2. Inés
Sombra
INE S@E NGINE YA R D.C OM
@RA ND OMMOOD

4. Today’s
Agenda
DE VELOPM E NT
IN THE C LOUD
(A ND A DASH OF OPS)
MYSQL
REL ATI O NA L
DATABASE S
PO STGRE SQL

5. Http://Www.Flickr.Com/Photos/Nathaninsandiego/5819143579/
Let’s
Get
Started!

6. Relational
Intro&
Tenets

7. Relational
Origin

8. Relational Databases
DATA PERC EIVED BY USER S
AS TABL E S & ONLY T A BLE S
OPERATOR S GE NERATE
N E W TABLE S FROM OLD
* Trivia Q1: Why ‘Relation’?

9. E NTI TIE S
RE LAT I ON SHIPS
C ON STR AINTS
ATTRIB UTE S
Relational
Concepts

10. E NTI TIE S
RE LAT I ON SHIPS
C ON STR AINTS
AT TRIB UTE S
Relational
Concepts

11. E NTI TIE S
RE LAT I ON SHIPS
C ON STR AINTS
ATTRIB UTE S
Relational
Concepts

12. E NTI TIE S
RE LAT I ON SHIPS
C O N STRAINTS
ATTRIB UTE S
Relational
Concepts

13. Relational DataModel

14. Relational DataModel

15. On SQL
D ML : DATA MA NIPU L ATI ON
(SEL EC T, IN SER T, U PDATE … )
D DL: DATA DEF INI TI ON
(C R EATE, DR OP, A LTER)
D C L: DATA C ONTROL
(GRA N T, RE VOK E)

16. Relational Properties
ATOMIC I T Y
C ON SI STE NCY
I SOLAT I ON
DURABILI T Y

17. Http://Www.Flickr.Com/Photos/Mukumbura/12828737425/
OurDatabases

19. A Little Context
INTRODUC ED 1 994(I SH)
V5.6.17 C URRE NT STABLE
* Trivia Q2: Why ‘My’?
V ER Y PERVASIVE DUE TO
LAM P STAC K & DEFAULTS

20. Multi Masters
10/200 5
ORAC LE BUYS INN OBASE
02/200 6
ORAC LE BUYS S L E E PYCAT
01/2008
SUN BUYS MYS Q L
04-08/2009
ORAC LE BU YS S U N

21. Pro: Storage Engines
* Trivia Q3: Current Default?
INN ODB
MYI SAM
ME MOR Y
C SV
A RC HIVE

22. Pro: Distros &Clustering
XT R A DB
MA RIA DB
WE B SCA LEDB
TOKUD B
GA LERA

23. Pro: Extras
C RA ZY MI GRATI ON S
ON REPL IC AS
C OMMER C I A L EC O SYSTEM
RE PL ICAT OR S & C ONNEC TOR S

24. Cons
EXPL AIN & QUE RY PL A NNE R
KINDA M EH
ORAC LE RELATI ON S H IP I S
P ROBLE MATIC F OR I TS
C OMMUNI T Y

25. Common Mistakes
SI MPLE T URN S YOU L A Z Y
N OT USING INN ODB
WEAK/ MI SSING VA L IDATI ON S

26. Best UseCase
Whenyouneeda
clusteredRDBMS
*thatworksofftheshelfandtheoptionofcommercial
support

28. A Little Context
DEE P ACA D EMIC R O OTS
BERKEL E Y’S PO STGR E S( 9 5 )
* Trivia Q: Why An Elephant?
OB JEC T D ATA BA SE
C OM M UNI T Y OWNED

29. Pro: Versatile
MVCC
F TS
FDW S
EXTE N SI ON S
LA NGUAGE S
FL E XIB L E DATA

30. Pro: Versatile
LI STE N/N OTIF Y
FL EXIBLE INDEXE S
PE R TRA N SAC TI ON
SYN C HRON OUS REPLICATI ON

31. B-TREE S
DEF AULT. N UME RIC, TEXT,NULL
HASH
EQUA LI T Y. D ON ’T USE
GIN
A RRAY VA LUE S & F TS
GI ST
GE OME TRI C DATA & F TS
They Can Be
Created
Concurrently!
Many Indexes

32. PA R TIA L I NDEX E S
IND EX + WHERE C LAUSE
EXPRE SSI ON I NDE X E S
MAT C H ON FUN C TI ON/ MOD IF ICATI ON
UNIQU E I NDEX E S
PR E VE N TS DUPE S
SOR TE D I NDEX E S
A LT ER B-TREE FROM ASC TO DE SC
Many Indexes

33. Cons
C LUSTERING STORY I S N OT
Q UI T E THERE YE T
MORE STRIC T IN TE RM S
OF T YPE S. N O MORE
SHE NA NIGA N S!

34. Common Mistakes
UNNEC E SSA RY INDE X E S
(MU LTI-C OLUMN)
OVERLOOK EXT E N S I ON S
GIVIN G UP ON IN S TA L L

35. Whenyouneedan
amazinglyversatile
&powerfulRDBMS
*andreplicapromotionisenough
Best UseCase

36. Developing & Running
* DB S IN THE C LOUD

37. Know YourReplication
DB RE P LIC ATI ON I S A MUST H AVE
USE D IFFERE NT FAILURE D OMAIN S
UNDER STA ND DR/HA OPTI ON S
PRAC TIC E REPLICA PR OMOTI ON S

38. BAC KUPS≠D I SAS TER REC OVERY
HAV E A P LA N & PRAC TIC E I T!
Expect Failures
DB Master
us-east-1a
Replica
us-east-1b
App
App
X

39. Let’s
WrapUp
(+ R E SOURC E S & Q&A )

40. RDBMSs
COM PLIC AT E D
B Y D ESIG N TO
MA KE YOUR
LIF E SIMP LE R
LEV ERAGE THEM
APPROPRIATELY

41. Questions?
THA NK YOU!
GI THUB.C OM/RA ND OMMOOD /
GREAT WIDEOPE N201 4