1. Sowing Prosperity:
Boosting Agricultural Productivity
Team Members
Mohsin Khan
Jai Kumar
Kshitij Tinku
Mandeep Tewatia
Chanan Sandal
Swami Sarvanand Giri
Panjab University Regional
Centre, Hoshiarpur

2. • Ineffective farming techniques and wasteful post-harvest practices.
• The average size of agricultural land holdings has decreased from 2.3
hectares in 1971 to 1.2 hectares in 2011.
• No proper storage and transport facility for perishable Agro products.
• Farmers suffer from financial exclusion and have no formal access to
credit .
• Old school irrigation & farming methods.
• Stagnant production, low productivity, traditional technology & poor
rural infrastructure.
• Food self sufficiency adopted by the small farmers.
• Lack in introduction, distribution and teaching to the farmers about
modern agricultural technologies.
• Exploitation of the farmers by the middle man.
• Shortage of young people coming into agriculture because of the mental
harassment being faced and traditional Indian mindset.
• The core challenge is to support the small holder farmer many of whom
struggle to subsist at or below the poverty line.
In 2011-2012, Agriculture employed 70% of the country’s work force but only
contributed to 13% of the GDP
What is the PROBLEM ?
Data Of 1990-91
Data of 2009-10

3. There is no “SILVER BULLET”- No quick fixes
 Current scenario demands to produce more with less Land/Water/Labour .
 It is in the agriculture sector that the battle for long term economic development will be won or lost.
 Improving the mix of agricultural technologies Making sure the technology package is crafted with the India’s
tremendously varied human, ecological and economic circumstances in mind.
 Directed by public policy (subsidies, mandates, R&D investment, tariffs)
Interventions most likely to improve
agricultural productivity
In the short term:
 Strengthening human and institutional
capacity for agriculture.
 Empowering farmers by including them in
policy and programme design, and
 Improving farmer support systems and
markets.
In the medium term:
 Making innovation systems more coherent.
 Targeting external support more effectively
and increasing investment in agriculture
R&D.
Strengthening the innovation
capabilities of Indian agricultural
systems
Apply the innovation systems framework to Indian
agriculture:
 to identify weaknesses in agricultural
production.
Create linkages between farmers, global networks
and value chains because:
 Smallholder farmers are often the least
educated participants in the system.
 A majority of smallholder farms remain
isolated from the Indian knowledge and
information systems - the predominant
channels for promoting agricultural
development in the continent.
Transfer of technology:
 Promote demand - led approaches, through
global value chains, which can be a useful
mode of transfer of technology.

4. Key components of boosting agricultural growth
• Improvement in the productivity of the entire food chain, by improving factor productivity, competitiveness, access to markets.
• Diversification of agriculture and boosting high-value products.
• Reduction of post-harvest losses and,
• Tailoring agenda according to the major farm types.
Commercial Farmers
Strategy
• Assistance to develop and employ
food and biosafety regulations and
systems for quality assurance,
traceability and certification.
• Strengthening of legal frameworks
for property rights to promote private
R&D and secure tenancy.
• Strengthening producer
organizations to represent member
interests and promote initiatives in
the industry.
• Supporting development of diverse
and competitive agricultural/agro-
industrial innovation systems based
on user-financing and private service
delivery.
Poverty impacts
• Development of labor-intensive
high-value systems to generate
employment for the poor.
• Increasing productivity to reduce
food prices for non-tradable.
Small Market Oriented
Farmers
Strategy
• Developing an efficient agricultural
technology system to meet the needs of
small farmers.
• Supporting innovative communication
systems to supply relevant information
on production, markets and alternative
crops.
• Promoting small farmers’ organizations
to coordinate input and marketing needs.
Poverty Impact
• Broad-based growth to generate
income for small-scale farmers.
• Increased productivity to reduce food
prices for non-tradable.
Subsistence Farmers
Strategy
• Targeting investments to poorer
regions, minorities, etc.
• Strengthening local institutions and
organizations that can best support
farmers with scarce resources and
develop market-oriented enterprises.
• Facilitating participatory development
of local infrastructure and technology
in collaboration with NGOs.
Poverty Impact
• Development of human and social
capital necessary to address wider
problems.
• Development of niche commodities such
as organic produce that are labor
intensive.
• Reduction of vulnerability
• Employment generation

5. Developing sustainable Agriculture infrastructure through collaboration of
Public & Private Methods
Agricultural
Growth Model
Implementation
Model
Advantages over
existing system
 Providing hybrid & Green manure seeds and organic fertilizers.
 Sustainable irrigation methods & farming technologies.
 Promotion of Integrated Farming System.
• Integrated system reveals a strong complementarity in agriculture, public
investment in public goods like R&D, rural infrastructure such as roads,
power ,irrigation etc. would facilitate private investment in post harvest
management, market, infrastructure and processing sectors .
 Ensuring (CRF) Calamity Relief Fund subsidy & insurance.
 Convert small land holding into larger farms to take advantage of
co-operative farming and reducing the overall farming cost. E.g.:
Heavy machinery, seeds etc.
 Presence of support infrastructure and innovative marketing system
to aggregate and market the output from such small holdings
efficiently and effectively.
 Creating a competitive zone among farmers by using methods of
Exhibition and Awards.
 Artificial soil enrichment methods like E.g. , BioChar.
 Assessment needed at every level tentatively.
 Awareness to the farmers through NGOs and volunteers/helper network.
 Implementing of newer agriculture methods must be targeted to farmers.
 Result oriented research.
 Efficient working of APC to check prices and exploitation of farmers by middle
man.
 Better credit/finance to farmers.
 Involving the young generation so as to sustain agriculture as an occupation.
 Better Irrigation, Farming and market facilities made available to farmers.
 Co-operative usage of heavy and expensive machinery i.e.. Cooperative
farming.

6. Macroeconomic &
International Regulatory
Environment
Physical
Infrastructure
Farming & Soil
Conditions
Sector Performance Growth,
Jobs, Competitiveness
Product
Market
Conditions
Education
System &
Training
Agricultural Knowledge Generation,
Diffusion and Use
Firms and
Networks
Science
suppliers
Research
&
standard
Setting
Bodies
Supporting
Institutions
FARMERS
Global Innovation
networks
National Innovation
System
Industry,other
supplyledsystems&
valuechains
Regionalinnovations
systems
Agricultural
Innovation Capacity
The Innovations Systems Idea(ISI)
An innovation capacity development approach does not
mean getting rid of old policy tools (such as research
investment). But rather rethinking how these are used,
sequenced, clustered, embedded and what additions
might be necessary and how the role of certain policy
tools might need to change to perform new functions.
A Key strength of ISI
It is an analytical tool that can help reveal the nature of
innovation capacities and weaknesses in them.
Focus in Technology Generation
& Delivery
Agricultural Innovation System
Technology generation should become more holistic:
– Cover the entire food chain (farm to table);
– Greater attention to efficiency of input use (water,
feed grain);
– Use all tools (traditional breeding and bio-
technology, agro-ecological approaches, IT);
– Become much more client driven; and
– Strengthen public and private partnerships and
private investments.
Technological progress in agriculture needs to become more
pluralistic and knowledge intensive
Evolving concepts and approaches
– Greater differentiation between public, commercial
and private services:
• Public services, where market failures occur
(poor, NRM, organizations).
• Commercial and private services where
markets function.
– Pluralistic institutional arrangements
• Decentralized, participatory, competitive.
– Experimentation with new approaches
• ICT, mass media, etc.

7. di
Director
Agriculture & Food Production
Deputy Director of Agriculture
(DDA)
Administrative & Technical
Officer
Assistant Agriculture
Officer
Head at Block
Agricultural Level
Agricultural
Oversees (A.O)
&
Village Agricultural
Worker (V.A.W)
V.A.W come across
the day to day issues
of farmer under
supervision of gram
pradhan
Awareness
program through
selected NGO’s
Management & Awareness
Team
NGO’s
Finance TeamHuman Resource Team Managing Team Executive Team
A.O and V.A.W at
Gram Panvhayat
level monitors the
agricultural
activities.
Organizational setup for the initiative:
Revenue district organization divided into Ranges
Recruitment of additional directors,
joint directors & technical officers.
Mapping of trainees, administrative &
technical officers
Central & State fund
management
Schedule and
curriculum design
work
Keep an eye
Head of agricultural range Assists/Help DDA Plans seminar manages funds
and supervise the report
Works parallel with the
government in collaboration
with this institution
Block and Gram Panchayat Level
Minister of Agriculture
Assisted by Administrative
and Agro Technical team

8. The implementation functional and helper network will be managed by state level
management team supported by the District, Block & Gram Panchayat.
Recruitment of Subject
Matter Experts (SMEs)
Training Imparted Salient Feature
District
Offices
Block
Offices
Gram
offices
Online
NGO’s
District
Offices
Modern Innovative Technology
Training to A.O & V.A.W
Training at Gram Panchayat Level
Demonstrated by A.O & V.A.W
Training by NGOs, Supporting Firms
& Enterprises
• SMEs like Professors of IRAI
and Scientists for updating the
technology at block & district
level to NGOs and helper
network.
• Teaching by technical officers to
V.AW.
• Practically showing the new
methods and techniques to farmer
on their land by technical officers
& V.A.W.
• Efficient use of available human
resource and hence cost effective.
E.g:- Students from agricultural
institutes , NGO.

9. The mandate of the Directorate is development in agriculture sector through transfer of improved
technologies, timely supply of agricultural inputs to the farmers, capacity building of the extension
personnel and farmers, increasing agricultural production & productivity and over all development
of the economic status of the farmers.
Activities
• Transmitting improved technologies evolved from
the Research Institutes to the farmers.
• Creating awareness among the farmers on different
developmental schemes and Implementation thereof.
• Imparting training to the farmers, conducting field
demonstrations.
• Organizing district level agricultural exhibitions.
• Organizing exposure visit of farmers within and
out side the State.
• Production of quality seeds in the departmental
farms as well as in the farmers’ field.
• Supply of quality seeds to the farmers through
departmental Sale Centers.
• Monitoring the supply of fertilizer and pesticides to
the farmers.
• Popularization of farm machineries and
equipment's.
• Creating irrigation potential through private lift
irrigation program.
• Quality control of seeds, fertilizer and pesticides.
• Soil testing, providing soil health cards to farmers
and fertilizer recommendation for different crops
basing on soil nutrient status.
• Updating knowledge of extension personnel
through training.
• Suggesting suitable cropping program especially
for irrigated ayacuts.
• Motivating the farmers to take up Crop Insurance
and estimating the yield of Arhar, Niger and Cotton
for insurance purpose.
• Providing CRF subsidy to natural calamity affected
farmers.
• Transfer of modern technology and promote farm
mechanization, seed replacement, plant protection,
soil and water management etc. through Agriculture
Extension.
• Ensure quality inputs for better production
• Varietal intervention
• Demonstrations
• Farmer’s capacity building
• Cooperation with allied departments/ agencies
• Promotion of Agro-entrepreneurship.
• Provision of incentive/subsidy to farmers
• Formulation of plans programs & schemes for the
agricultural development of the state.
• Increase crop production in a sustainable manner
through transfer of modern technology.
• Utilization of various state & central funds.

10. TOTAL FUNDING REQUIRED
Organizational Cost
Logistics Cost Technology CostFunding
Central
Govt.
State Govt.
Business
(private and
Parastatal
sectors)
Scalable Funding: Taking it to be 100Cr.
Parts of the funds will be used to support practice oriented research & development projects.
65 Crore
25 Crore
10 Crore
Govt.
Research Inst.
State
Agricultural
University
Other Public
R&D Inst.
Business
Organization
& NGO
(Private &
Semi Public)
50 Crore
25 Crore
20 Crore
5 Crore
Transportation
Cost
Establishment
Cost
Expenditure
Heavy Machinery
Cost
Seeds and hi-tech
fertilizers
Technology
Delivery Cost

11. This Model may face some challenges and implementation risk:
Challenges and Risks Mitigation Factor
 Organic farming makes a significant
contribution to climate change and to
the bio diversity conservation.
 Use of stress resistant seeds.
 Banks should work on special
structured schemes for farm financing
and increasing there outreach to
interiors.
 Agriculture lies under ‘state subjects’
under the constitution of India.
 FDI in agriculture Agro based
industries of product, machinery &
technology.
 Organic products are more
expensive than conventional foods.
 Effects of climatic conditions and
natural calamities.
 Flagship programs of the
government have become a
problem against implementing new
approach because people find
these flagship programs easy.
 Lease system to convert small land
holding into large, may not be
welcomed by farmers.
 The degree and the extent of credit
risks in agriculture.
 Fund and resource intensive
mechanism, which may result in
less interest by central govt.
 Private firms may show less
interest.

12. Appendix
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