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Processes for resource recovery for African agriculture
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Water for a food-secure world
Processes for resource recovery for
African agriculture
Resource recovery and reuse (RRR)
Josiane Nikiema
Researcher – Environmental Sciences
and all the RRR team
West Africa Office – Accra, Ghana
Phone: (+233) 302 784 753/4
Fax: (+233) 302 784 752
Email: J.Nikiema@cgiar.org
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Water for a food-secure world
Outline
1. Opportunities and challenges in waste
2. Case studies
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Water for a food-secure world
1. What is contained in waste ? Opportunities
Water
Nutrients
Organic
matterImproves soil quality
Improve crop yields
Required for irrigation
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Water for a food-secure world
What is contained in waste ? Challenges
Pathogens
Undesirable
fractions
Toxic
fractions
Example: heavy metals
Example: plastics
Example: helminthes
eggs
Safe quality improvement
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Water for a food-secure world
2. Case studies
A. Reuse of water
B. Recycling of fecal sludge
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Water for a food-secure world
Clarias gariepinus (African catfish)
Stabilization Ponds
A. Water reuse – Aquaculture; Kumasi, Ghana
8. • 18 tanks (15 m3 each) needed
– 6 public latrines
– 12 Septic tanks
• Over 2 tonnes solid fecal sludge
produced every 2 weeks with a 240 m2
drying bed
Phase 1.
Drying step
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Water for a food-secure world
Phase 1. (Co-)composting, e.g. with organic market
waste or sawdust
First stages
Monitoring, through control of temperature and
addition of water
Final stage
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Water for a food-secure world
Phase 2.
Enrichment
• It allows to align the
composition to the
needs for different
crops and soil
• So far, only N
enrichment (using
ammonium sulphate)
was performed
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Water for a food-secure world
Phase 2.
Pelletization
• Less volume is needed
for packaging
• Water and binder (e.g.
starch) are added
before pelletization
• Pellets can be sun-
dried
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Water for a food-secure world
Recapitulation: Phase 1
Production of composts
Organic
waste
Regular addition
of water
Drying
beds
Raw liquid fecal
sludge from
tankers or
collection points
Excess liquid to be
treated, e.g. in a
pond
Raw fecal
sludge
Composting Compost
Raw solid fecal
sludge from dry
toilets
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Water for a food-secure world
Pelletization
Material to
pelletize
Raw
pellets
Drying
Mixing
26%
water
Ground
compost
3% Starch &
7% Ammonium sulphate
Grinding Compost
Fine particles
Dry
pellets
Heat
Sieving
Pellet
packaging
and use
Recapitulation: Phase 2
Production of enriched pellets
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Water for a food-secure world
Thanks for your kind
attention !
The authors would like to express their gratitude to:
• Donors (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), Department for
International Development (DFID) and Grand Challenges Canada (GCC).
• All partners! (BNARI: Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research
Institute, Ghana; UI: University of Ibadan, Nigeria; UG: University of Ghana;
VVU: Valley View University; TMA: Tema Metropolitan Assembly, Ghana;
CSIR: Centre for Scientific and Industrial Research, Ghana)