1. Low intensity physical activity behaviours and body composition
in older adults: Findings from the Mitchelstown Cohort
Rescreen Study
Cormac Powell1,2, Brian P. Carson1,2,3, Kieran P. Dowd4, Ivan J. Perry5, Patricia M. Kearney5, Janas M.
Harrington5 and Alan E. Donnelly1,2,3
1Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
2Centre for Physical Activity and Health Research, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
3Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
4Department of Sport and Health, Athlone Institute of Technology, Westmeath, Ireland.
5HRB Centre for Health and Diet Research, School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
IPH: Physical activity and older people: What works? (24th October 2018)
2. Physical activity in older adults
Specific physical activity (PA) guidelines for older adults
Include 30 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA)
daily
Meeting the guidelines = improved health
Older adults’ adherence to the guidelines are poor
33% of older Irish adults meet the guidelines – TILDA
(Barrett et al., 2011)
Sedentary behaviour (an independent risk factor for health)
increases as people age (Van Dyck et al., 2016)
Physical Activity
(MVPA)
Sedentary
Behaviour
Ageing
3. Physical activity in older adults
Aims
1. Examine the association between
low intensity physical behaviours
and body composition
2. Model replacing sedentary time with
standing time and LIPA
Physical activity continuum (Tremblay
et al., 2010)
Light-intensity physical
activity (LIPA)
(Howard et al., 2015; Loprinzi
et al., 2015 Loprinzi et al.,
2013; Healy et al., 2007).
Standing time
(van der Berg et al., 2017;
Duvivier et al., 2017;
Buckley et al., 2015;
Duvivier et al., 2013)
4. Methods
Study participants
• Participants recruited from the Mitchelstown Cohort
Rescreen (MCR) Study (follow up to the Cork and Kerry
Diabetes Study (Kearney et al., 2013)
Body composition measures
1,378 participants included in the MCR Study
399 participants in the physical activity sub-sample
1,881 participants eligible for the MCR Study
Body
composition
measure
Body
mass
(kg)
BMI
(kg.m-2)
Body fat
(%)
Fat mass
(kg)
Fat-free
mass
(kg)
*Ethics granted by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of University College Cork
5. Methods
Habitual physical activity
• Affixed to the mid section of the anterior right thigh –
worn for 24 hours a day for 7 consecutive days
Analyses
• Two analysis methods:
1. Multiple linear regression analysis: examine the
associations between low intensity behaviours and
body composition.
2. Isotemporal substitution analysis: examine the effect
of reallocating time between behaviours.
Note:
1) Values presented as unstandardized betas (B) and 99% confidence
intervals (CI).
2) Adjusted for:
• Age and sex
• Medication use
• Disease status
• Lifestyle factors
(Powell et al., 2017)
Inclusion criteria
≥4 days
≥10 hours/day
≥1 x week day
≥1 x weekend day
7. Results: Associations
Sedentary Time (hours)
Body mass (kg) 1.42 (0.15, 2.70)
BMI (kg.m-2) 0.33 (-0.13, 0.79)
Body fat (%) 0.66 (0.08, 1.23)
Fat mass (kg) 0.95 (0.15, 1.75)
Fat-free mass (kg) 0.47 (-0.09, 1.04)
Standing Time (hours)
Body mass (kg) -0.48 (-1.93, 0.98)
BMI (kg.m-2) 0.09 (-0.43, 0.61)
Body fat (%) -0.17, -0.84, 0.50)
Fat mass (kg) -0.28 (-1.21, 0.66)
Fat-free mass (kg) -0.35 (-0.99, 0.30)
LIPA (hours)
Body mass (kg) -4.76 (-8.23, -1.29)
BMI (kg.m-2) -1.49 (-2.73, -0.25)
Body fat (%) -3.39 (-4.94, -1.85)
Fat mass (kg) -4.31 (-6.48, -2.14)
Fat-free mass (kg) -1.17 (-2.74, 0.41)
8. Results: Associations
Sedentary Time (hours)
Body mass (kg) 1.42 (0.15, 2.70)
BMI (kg.m-2) 0.33 (-0.13, 0.79)
Body fat (%) 0.66 (0.08, 1.23)
Fat mass (kg) 0.95 (0.15, 1.75)
Fat-free mass (kg) 0.47 (-0.09, 1.04)
Standing Time (hours)
Body mass (kg) -0.48 (-1.93, 0.98)
BMI (kg.m-2) 0.09 (-0.43, 0.61)
Body fat (%) -0.17, -0.84, 0.50)
Fat mass (kg) -0.28 (-1.21, 0.66)
Fat-free mass (kg) -0.35 (-0.99, 0.30)
LIPA (hours)
Body mass (kg) -4.76 (-8.23, -1.29)
BMI (kg.m-2) -1.49 (-2.73, -0.25)
Body fat (%) -3.39 (-4.94, -1.85)
Fat mass (kg) -4.31 (-6.48, -2.14)
Fat-free mass (kg) -1.17 (-2.74, 0.41)
9. Results: Associations
Sedentary Time (hours)
Body mass (kg) 1.42 (0.15, 2.70)
BMI (kg.m-2) 0.33 (-0.13, 0.79)
Body fat (%) 0.66 (0.08, 1.23)
Fat mass (kg) 0.95 (0.15, 1.75)
Fat-free mass (kg) 0.47 (-0.09, 1.04)
Standing Time (hours)
Body mass (kg) -0.48 (-1.93, 0.98)
BMI (kg.m-2) 0.09 (-0.43, 0.61)
Body fat (%) -0.17, -0.84, 0.50)
Fat mass (kg) -0.28 (-1.21, 0.66)
Fat-free mass (kg) -0.35 (-0.99, 0.30)
LIPA (hours)
Body mass (kg) -4.76 (-8.23, -1.29)
BMI (kg.m-2) -1.49 (-2.73, -0.25)
Body fat (%) -3.39 (-4.94, -1.85)
Fat mass (kg) -4.31 (-6.48, -2.14)
Fat-free mass (kg) -1.17 (-2.74, 0.41)
NO ASSOCIATIONS
10. Results: Associations
Sedentary Time (hours)
Body mass (kg) 1.42 (0.15, 2.70)
BMI (kg.m-2) 0.33 (-0.13, 0.79)
Body fat (%) 0.66 (0.08, 1.23)
Fat mass (kg) 0.95 (0.15, 1.75)
Fat-free mass (kg) 0.47 (-0.09, 1.04)
Standing Time (hours)
Body mass (kg) -0.48 (-1.93, 0.98)
BMI (kg.m-2) 0.09 (-0.43, 0.61)
Body fat (%) -0.17, -0.84, 0.50)
Fat mass (kg) -0.28 (-1.21, 0.66)
Fat-free mass (kg) -0.35 (-0.99, 0.30)
LIPA (hours)
Body mass (kg) -4.76 (-8.23, -1.29)
BMI (kg.m-2) -1.49 (-2.73, -0.25)
Body fat (%) -3.39 (-4.94, -1.85)
Fat mass (kg) -4.31 (-6.48, -2.14)
Fat-free mass (kg) -1.17 (-2.74, 0.41)
11. Results: Associations
Sedentary Time (hours)
Body mass (kg) 1.42 (0.15, 2.70)
BMI (kg.m-2) 0.33 (-0.13, 0.79)
Body fat (%) 0.66 (0.08, 1.23)
Fat mass (kg) 0.95 (0.15, 1.75)
Fat-free mass (kg) 0.47 (-0.09, 1.04)
Standing Time (hours)
Body mass (kg) -0.48 (-1.93, 0.98)
BMI (kg.m-2) 0.09 (-0.43, 0.61)
Body fat (%) -0.17, -0.84, 0.50)
Fat mass (kg) -0.28 (-1.21, 0.66)
Fat-free mass (kg) -0.35 (-0.99, 0.30)
LIPA (hours)
Body mass (kg) -4.76 (-8.23, -1.29)
BMI (kg.m-2) -1.49 (-2.73, -0.25)
Body fat (%) -3.39 (-4.94, -1.85)
Fat mass (kg) -4.31 (-6.48, -2.14)
Fat-free mass (kg) -1.17 (-2.74, 0.41)
Measure Standing time LIPA
Body mass (kg) 0.02 (-0.23, 0.27) -0.80 (-1.41, -0.19)
BMI (kg.m-2) 0.05 (-0.04, 0.14) -0.28 (-0.50, -0.06)
Body fat (%) 0.04 (-0.07, 0.15) -0.60 (-0.87, -0.32)
Fat mass (kg) 0.04 (-0.11, 0.20) -0.75 (-1.13, -0.36)
Fat-free mass (kg) -0.04 (-0.15, 0.07) -0.17 (-0.44, 0.11)
Reallocating 10 minutes from sedentary time to LIPA:
0.80kg ↓ in body mass
0.28kg.m-2 ↓ in BMI
0.60% ↓ in body fat
0.75kg ↓ in fat mass
No effect observed for reallocation to standing
Reallocations
12. Conclusions
1. MVPA is still the recommended intensity; however, adherence to the
guidelines is poor.
2. No beneficial associations observed for standing time.
3. ↓ sedentary behaviour + ↑ LIPA = effective strategy for this age
group……even as little as 10 minutes!
13. Dr. Cormac Powell @mackers89 cormac.powell@ul.ieresearchgate/cormacpowell
Thank you for listening - all questions are welcome
Funding
• Health Research Board Centre for Health and Diet Research (HRB 2007/2013)
• University of Limerick Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Postgraduate Scholarship Programme (2013-2017)
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