This document presents the results of a Neighborhood Impact Study (NIS) conducted for the installation of a new hospital in the Jardim Teresópolis neighborhood of Betim, Brazil. The study used GIS tools and methodology to identify and analyze potential impacts on land use, population density, real estate values, and urban development. Key findings included pressures on infrastructure from increased density, potential changes in land use patterns, and both positive and negative socioeconomic impacts on the surrounding community from the new hospital. The NIS concluded that while conflicts may arise, the hospital could help renew the urban area and improve living conditions if managed properly through urban planning and property titling programs.

1. Escola de Arquitetura da Universidade Federal de
Minas Gerais
Núcleo de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Neighborhood Impact Studies of a
hospital installation at Jardim
Teresópolis Betim - MG
Gerson J. M. Freire, MsC
Sheyla Santana, MsC.
Lucas L. Saliba
Fernanda C. Ferreira

2. Introduction
• There are two world historic marks that
stand out in relation with the evolution of
the environmental issues:
– National Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA) - United States, 1969.
– United Nations Conference about
Development and Environment -
Stockholm, 1972.

3. Introduction
• The Environmental Impact Assessment -
EIA in Brazil was regulated in 1986 and
ratified by the National Constitution of
1988.
• EIA is defined as an instrument and
process with the objective to identify,
preview and interpret the consequences
about environment determined by a
human being action.

4. Introduction
• In 2001, the government established the
instrument Neighborhood Impact Study,
through the national law known as City
Statute.
• Main Purpose of NIS:
– To identify and analyze specific local
impacts and on components of the built
environment covering the neighborhood,
due to the deployment and operation of
urban business.

5. Introduction
• Issues must be included by EIV
1. Population shift;
2. Surcharge over urban and community
equipments;
3. Possible changes of land use and
occupation;
4. Real estate valuation/devaluation;
5. New traffic generation and demands for
public transport;
6. Ventilation, insolation and lighting;
7. Changes on urban landscape and natural
and cultural patrimony.

6. Introduction
• The study shows the development of a
Neighborhood Impact Study obtained from
the use of geotechnology to create of the
diagnostic and prognostic area slum,
where it will be installed a hospital.

7. Methodology
• Combination between methodologies Ad
Hoc and dedicated application through the
use of GIS operators.
• Methodology Ad Hoc
– Effects identified through brainstorming.
• Dedicated application
– Development of mapping and modeling
of landscape elements and possible
changes introduced from the installation
of the project.

8. Methodology
• Primary data collected;
– Survey in the area;
– documents provided by the city
government;
– images from orbital sensors.

9. Methodology
• Analysis of the potencially degrading
sources of the neighborhood quality was
made from the study data.
• Evaluation of positive and negative effects
brought to the neighborhood by the project
installation made through NIS

10. Case Study
• Location: Jardim Teresópolis
neighborhood, Betim city, in the
metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, Minas
Gerais.
• City´s economy: expansion of the
petrochemical and automotive factory.

11. Case Study
Fig. 1 – Map showing the location of Jardim Teresópolis - Betim - Minas
Gerais, Brazil

12. Case Study
• Original Jardim Teresópolis´ setllement
was made formally. However, the
industrial expansion in the city caused a
informal housing boom across the region,
including Jardim Teresópolis
neighborhood.

13. Land Use
Fig. 2. Land use, for the project’s influence area

14. Land use
• Characteristics of the predominant
occupation in the District
– area of irregular occupation and semi-
disordered;
– pressures on natural resources and
infrastructure.

15. Building´s tipology
• 90% of the area is formed of two floors
buildings;
• formation of subsystems within the courts
and;
• single-family homes.

16. Structural configuration
Fig. 3. Land use and structural configuration.

17. Weather Protection
• Weather protection
– Ranking
State of Weather protection Percentage of
preservation materials used occupied plot
Bad Masonry with apparent Construction of
brickwork entire plot
Average Plaster over brickwork Construction on 80
to 90 % of plot
Good Painting over plastered Construction on up
brickwork; until 80 % of plot’s
Ceramic and other finer total size
weather protection materials.
Tab. 1- Criteria for building pattern classification on the influence area

18. Weather protection
Fig. 4. Building’s weather protection patterns

19. Effects over population
shift
– The implementation of development can
cause direct increase in population
density area.
– One can anticipate the possible
scenarios of urban transformations that
lead to the increase or attenuation of
high density prior processes.

20. Results Found
• Effects on the use and occupation
– Although the project is not considered a
large generator of land use conflicts,
planners should be aware of changes,
since the area is already very dense,
and there may be pressure for creation
of new uses.

21. Results Found
• Effects on the population density
– Importance of titling in urban planning
for the region;
– improvement of living conditions.

22. Conclusions
• The licensing of the enterprises should
also consider the multiplicity of activities
already implemented and the elements
present in the urban area to allow
impacted meet the new demands arising.

23. Conclusions
• Through the NIS, it is possible to conclude
that the installation of Teresópolis Hospital
generates impacts easily recognized in
relation to the use of soil and questions
relating to population density.
• The situations of the greatest conflicts are
generated by non-securitized residential
uses that impede improvements in the
process of urbanization.

24. Conclusions
• The real state increase of value, which is
originated in the implementation of the
hospital, will be a positive impact to renew
a poor urban area, fulfilling the social
function of property and the city.
• The resulting value should return to public
coffers through the mechanisms provided
in the City Statute, acting to prevent the
shape and flows in the cities will be
exclusive result of the action of market
forces.

25. Thank you!
Gerson J M Freire
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Belo Horizonte – Brasil
gersonj@ufmg.br