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Better lives through livestock
Adaptation and/or Mitigation
in Africa’s Livestock Systems?
10 November 2022, COP 27
Livestock transitions: Global options and
local realities for adaptation and mitigation
Todd Crane, PhD
Principle Scientist
Sustainable Livestock Systems
International Livestock Research Institute
2
35 African Countries Include Livestock in NDCs
Source: Modified Rose et al., 2021 & https://ccafs.cgiar.org/index.php/resources/tools/agriculture-in-the-ndcs-data-maps-2021
5: Mitigation measures only
• 14: Adaptation measures only
• 16: Adaptation & mitigation measures
3
35 African Countries Include Livestock in NDCs
Source: Modified Rose et al., 2021 & https://ccafs.cgiar.org/index.php/resources/tools/agriculture-in-the-ndcs-data-maps-2021
5: Mitigation measures only
• 14: Adaptation measures only
• 16: Adaptation & mitigation measures
International investment
in African livestock sectors often
leads with mitigation.
4
35 African Countries Include Livestock in NDCs
Source: Modified Rose et al., 2021 & https://ccafs.cgiar.org/index.php/resources/tools/agriculture-in-the-ndcs-data-maps-2021
5: Mitigation measures only
• 14: Adaptation measures only
• 16: Adaptation & mitigation measures
However, producers and policymakers
across Africa typically prioritize
adaptation, as well they should.
5
Climate Adaptation in African Livestock Systems
Climate adaptation innovators
• Adaptation must respond to many drivers,
climate and non-climate
• Adaptations that are already embedded
within livelihoods have greater probability
of success
• Research can backstop local adaptation
innovations to improve them and to help
cover blind spots
Said Bahine Ali, Hida, Afar, Ethiopia
Field day of Robert Bii, Sotik, Bomet, Kenya
• “Positive deviance” approach
adapted from from public
health
• Participatory Adaptation
Analysis
• Listen to innovators
• Collect data jointly or by
innovators themselves
• Give data back to them in
reports
• Organize F2F field days
facilitated by innovators
• Demand oriented trainings
• Exchange adaptation knowledge
through F2F networks
Phoebe Katongore, Dairy Farmer in Kirahura, Uganda
6
Adaptation Innovators
Adaptation Practices
• Intensive sheep fattening
(ET highlands)
• Shift in herd composition towards
more small ruminants
(ET lowlands)
• Water harvesting and management
methods
(Southwest UG)
• Feed storage and preservation,
diversified fodder crops
(KE highlands)
• Breeding for resilience & productivity
(KE lowlands)
Reagan Siamito, Field Assistant during field day in Kajiado, Kenya
Approach adaptation:
1. from producers’ perspectives,
2. embedded within wider
systemic transformations in rural
livelihoods,
3. with producers as research
partners with important roles in
data collection & interpretation,
4. and producers as central agents
of change in scaling through
farmer-to-farmer extension.
Field day at the farm of Tenagne in Gudoberet, Ethiopia
8
Recommendations
9
Conclusions
• Climate investment in African livestock systems should focus
adaptation and food security
• Mitigation should be approached primarily as a co-benefit
• Producer-led climate change adaptation as
• local innovation,
• embedded in livelihoods and social fabric,
• interacting with non-climate drivers,
• improvable by research support
Thank you!

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Livestock transitions: Global options and local realities for adaptation and mitigation 

  • 1. Better lives through livestock Adaptation and/or Mitigation in Africa’s Livestock Systems? 10 November 2022, COP 27 Livestock transitions: Global options and local realities for adaptation and mitigation Todd Crane, PhD Principle Scientist Sustainable Livestock Systems International Livestock Research Institute
  • 2. 2 35 African Countries Include Livestock in NDCs Source: Modified Rose et al., 2021 & https://ccafs.cgiar.org/index.php/resources/tools/agriculture-in-the-ndcs-data-maps-2021 5: Mitigation measures only • 14: Adaptation measures only • 16: Adaptation & mitigation measures
  • 3. 3 35 African Countries Include Livestock in NDCs Source: Modified Rose et al., 2021 & https://ccafs.cgiar.org/index.php/resources/tools/agriculture-in-the-ndcs-data-maps-2021 5: Mitigation measures only • 14: Adaptation measures only • 16: Adaptation & mitigation measures International investment in African livestock sectors often leads with mitigation.
  • 4. 4 35 African Countries Include Livestock in NDCs Source: Modified Rose et al., 2021 & https://ccafs.cgiar.org/index.php/resources/tools/agriculture-in-the-ndcs-data-maps-2021 5: Mitigation measures only • 14: Adaptation measures only • 16: Adaptation & mitigation measures However, producers and policymakers across Africa typically prioritize adaptation, as well they should.
  • 5. 5 Climate Adaptation in African Livestock Systems Climate adaptation innovators • Adaptation must respond to many drivers, climate and non-climate • Adaptations that are already embedded within livelihoods have greater probability of success • Research can backstop local adaptation innovations to improve them and to help cover blind spots Said Bahine Ali, Hida, Afar, Ethiopia Field day of Robert Bii, Sotik, Bomet, Kenya
  • 6. • “Positive deviance” approach adapted from from public health • Participatory Adaptation Analysis • Listen to innovators • Collect data jointly or by innovators themselves • Give data back to them in reports • Organize F2F field days facilitated by innovators • Demand oriented trainings • Exchange adaptation knowledge through F2F networks Phoebe Katongore, Dairy Farmer in Kirahura, Uganda 6 Adaptation Innovators
  • 7. Adaptation Practices • Intensive sheep fattening (ET highlands) • Shift in herd composition towards more small ruminants (ET lowlands) • Water harvesting and management methods (Southwest UG) • Feed storage and preservation, diversified fodder crops (KE highlands) • Breeding for resilience & productivity (KE lowlands) Reagan Siamito, Field Assistant during field day in Kajiado, Kenya
  • 8. Approach adaptation: 1. from producers’ perspectives, 2. embedded within wider systemic transformations in rural livelihoods, 3. with producers as research partners with important roles in data collection & interpretation, 4. and producers as central agents of change in scaling through farmer-to-farmer extension. Field day at the farm of Tenagne in Gudoberet, Ethiopia 8 Recommendations
  • 9. 9 Conclusions • Climate investment in African livestock systems should focus adaptation and food security • Mitigation should be approached primarily as a co-benefit • Producer-led climate change adaptation as • local innovation, • embedded in livelihoods and social fabric, • interacting with non-climate drivers, • improvable by research support