Presented by Tom Randolph, Nairobi, 13 February 2013

1. More meat, milk and fish by and for the poor:
How the Livestock and Fish research program helps
improve access to critical animal-source foods
Tom Randolph
Nairobi, 13 February 2013

2. The challenge
 Can research accelerate livestock and aquaculture
development to benefit the poor?
o Mixed record to date
o Systematic under-investment
o Also related to our research-for-development model?
 Focus on increasing productivity of small-scale production
and marketing systems
o ‘by the poor’  poverty reduction
o ‘for the poor’  food security

3. An image problem
1. Animal-source foods are a luxury and bad for
health, so should not promote
2. Small-scale production and marketing systems are
disappearing; sector is quickly industrializing
3. Livestock and aquaculture development will have
negative environmental impacts

4. Our underlying hypothesis
 Livestock and Blue Revolutions: accelerating demand in
developing countries as urbanization and incomes rise
 Industrial systems will provide a large part of the needed
increase in supply to cities and the better-off in some places
 But the poor will often continue to rely on small-scale
production and marketing systems
 If able to respond, they could contribute, both increasing
supplies and reducing poverty
 …and better manage the transition for many smallholder
households

5. Managing a smoother transition out of agriculture
 Estimates for smallholders in Africa and Latin America
(Wiggins 2012; Dorward 2009) :
 Can 2/3 be enabled to develop into commercial
producers, accumulate capital and transition out of
agriculture?
 deeper rural economic growth
 avoid social disruption
1/3 Will ‘step up’ to become commercial
farmers
1/3 Will ‘step out’ and work for other, go to the
city
1/3 Could go either way

6. But productivity gap remains despite
investment in livestock development
0.06
0.08
0.03
0.17
0.06
0.11
0.04
0.2
Meat
(kg output/kg biomass/yr)
1980
2005
411
1021
517
4226
397
1380
904
6350Milk
(kg/cow/yr)
1980
2005

7. Aquaculture lagging too
Annual growth rate of aquaculture 2007-2015
needed to satisfy demand
source: Cai (2011)

8. Consumers
Solutions developed for isolated issues in specific
settings, but ignoring other constraints in the value chain
that discourage uptake
Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers
...in Country A
Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers
Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers
...in Country D
...in Country C
...in Country B
Why haven’t we had more impact?
Is it the piecemeal nature of our research?

9. A smarter approach?
Drawing from recent experiences,
can we accelerate research to impact?

10. Our proposition
Increased access to animal-source foods for the
poor, especially women and children, can be achieved at scale
by strengthening carefully selected meat, milk and fish
value chains in which the poor can capture a significant share
of the benefits. Technologies and lessons generated through
this focused approach will be applicable in broader regional
and global settings.
More meat, milk and fish by and for the poor

11. Strategic L&F CRP Cross-cutting Platforms
• Technology Generation
• Market Innovation
• Targeting & Impact
ConsumersR4D integrated to
transform selected
value chains
In targeted
commodities and
countries.
Value chain development team + research partners
GLOBAL RESEARCH
PUBLIC GOODS
INTERVENTIONS TO SCALE
OUT REGIONALLY
#1: Addressing the whole value chain
Major intervention with development partners
Approach: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact
#2: Working directly to design and support intervention at scale
#3: In partnership with development actors

12. #4 Focus, focus, focus!
Working in 8 target value chains  accountability

13. Our engagement in a value chain embodies our impact pathway
Approach: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact
Year 1  Year 8-12
Program horizon in a target value chain
Relativedegreeofinvolvement
Research
partners
Development
partners
Assessment
Mobilization
Best bets
Experiments
Evaluation
Evidence
Design
Piloting
Lessons
Context
Advocacy
Dissemination
Attracting
investment
Implementing
large-scale
interventions
Knowledge
partner
Along the Impact Pathway

14. Research
Outputs
Research
Outcomes
Intermediate
Development
Outcomes
Impacts
Methods +
capacity to
sustain VC
development
SLO2 Increased
food security
Actionable
Options
Process
Evidence
Increased
productivity
Evidence base
+ partnerships
to attract
investment for
intervention
SLO1 Reduced
poverty
More supply
(qlty & qnty)
More income +
employment
Higher share for
women
More of nutrient
gap filled by ASF
Lower unit
envirnmt impacts
Supporting
policies/investment
SLO3 Improved
nutrition &
health
SLO4
Sustainable
NRM
Intermediate Development Outcomes are
changes achieved through anticipated
development interventions in our value
chains

15. Status
 Partnership of 4 CGIAR Centres
 Officially started January 1st, 2012
 Forming core team
 Developing strategy by component and value chain
 Identifying strategic partners
 Consolidating ongoing activities

16. 3-year Budget Envelope by Component
Program
Management
$5.6m
Technology
Development
$43.3m
Value Chain
Development
$20.9m
Targeting,
Gender
and Impact
$13.3m
Institutional
Overhead
$16.3m
TOTAL Approved = US$99.6m

17. 1/3 Funding Shortfall
TOTAL Approved = US$99.6m
Restricted
mobilized
CG Fund
Restricted
GAP
2/3 funding secured

18. CGIAR is a global partnership that unites organizations engaged in research for a food secure future. The CGIAR Research
Program on Livestock and Fish aims to increase the productivity of small-scale livestock and fish systems in sustainable
ways, making meat, milk and fish more available and affordable across the developing world.
CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish
livestockfish.cgiar.org