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From linking to integration
of energy system models and
computational general equilibrium models
ETSAP 75th semi-annual meeting
Paris 2019-06-07
Per Ivar Helgesen
CGE model
Energy system model
Hybrid models
Separate models
1) Soft linked models
2) Hard linked models
3) Integrated model
2 findings
Stylized models
Hydropower
Gasburner
GaspowerGas
Hydro
Resources Technologies Demand for energy services
Electric heating
Power specific
demand
Heat demand
Thermal heat
Electricity
Thermal heat
Agents Markets
Firm 1
Firm 2
Firm 3
Firm 4
Household
Natural Gas Commodity
Electricity Commodity
Manufacturing Commodity
Nonmanufacturing Commodity
Capital
Labor
GAS ELE MAN NON L K HOU total
GAS 4 2 3 1 10
ELE 1 1 7 8 5 22
MAN 1 3 6 26 2 38
NON 5 10 10 30 92 147
L 1 1 5 53 60
K 2 3 8 27 40
HOU 60 40 100
total 10 22 38 147 60 40 100
TIMES CGE
Linking the models
TIMES CGE
2015 Base year2015 Base year
Linking the models
TIMES CGE
2015 Base year
2026 Future equilibrium
2015 Base year
Demand
Linking the models
TIMES CGE
2015 Base year
2026 Future equilibrium
2015 Base year
Demand
Energy mix
2026 Future energy system
Convergence: When all variables have a relative change below 10-6
solvedforeachyear
solvedforhorizonyear
How can we integrate the models? Let us look at problem classes
NLP
QP
LP
Complementarity
ProblemsKKT conditions
Equilibrium programming
Non-optimization based problems,
e.g. Nash-Cournot games. LP = Linear Program
QP = Quadratic Program
NLP = Non-Linear Program
Source: Prof. Steven Gabriel
Integrating models
NLP
QP
LP
Complementarity
ProblemsKKT conditions
TIMES CGE
Hard-linked models
NLP
QP
LP
Complementarity
ProblemsKKT conditions
TIMES CGE
Integrated models - MCP
NLP
QP
LP
Complementarity
ProblemsKKT conditions
TIMES CGE
Model combinations
TIMES CGE
Linked LP MCP
Linked MCP MCP
Integrated MCP MCP
Problem instances
0% Increasing capital availability +30%
0%Increasinglaboravailability20%
61 x 41 = 2501
problem instances
From linking to integration
2501 problem instances – different assumptions for capital and labor availability
Hard-linked Integrated MCP
equilibrium
Nash
equilibrium
Linking
From linking to integration – finding #1
2501 problem instances – different assumptions for capital and labor availability
Hard-linked Integrated MCP
equilibrium
Nash
equilibrium
Linking
7 hours 10 minutes
Going further
NLP
QP
LP
Complementarity
ProblemsKKT conditions
TIMES CGE
… from integrated models - MCP
NLP
QP
LP
Complementarity
ProblemsKKT conditions
TIMES CGE
… to integrated models - NLP
NLP
QP
LP
Complementarity
ProblemsKKT conditionsTIMES
CGE
Model combinations
TIMES CGE
Linked LP MCP
Linked MCP MCP
Integrated MCP MCP
Integrated LP NLP
Linked LP NLP
Linked MCP NLP
From linking to integration
2501 problem instances – different assumptions for capital and labor availability
Hard-linked Integrated MCP Integrated NLP
equilibrium
Nash
equilibrium
Linking
From linking to integration – finding #2
2501 problem instances – different assumptions for capital and labor availability
Hard-linked Integrated MCP Integrated NLP
equilibrium
Nash
equilibrium
Linking
From linking to integration – finding #2
2501 problem instances – different assumptions for capital and labor availability
Hard-linked Integrated MCP Integrated NLP
equilibrium
Nash Stackelberg
equilibrium
Linking
equilibrium
7 hours 10 minutes 7 minutes
Conclusions
1. Linking the models produces the same Nash
equilibrium as the integrated model that combines
the KKT-conditions into one MCP.
2. Solving one integrated model may be faster than
iterating between individual models.
3. Combining the models in a leader-follower setting
may produce a Stackelberg equilibrium that differs
from the Nash equilibrium.
Thank you for your attention!
Per.Ivar.Helgesen@Enova.no
+47 95307720
Image:NASA

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From linking to integration of energy system models and computational general equilibrium models

  • 1. From linking to integration of energy system models and computational general equilibrium models ETSAP 75th semi-annual meeting Paris 2019-06-07 Per Ivar Helgesen
  • 3. Hybrid models Separate models 1) Soft linked models 2) Hard linked models 3) Integrated model 2 findings
  • 4. Stylized models Hydropower Gasburner GaspowerGas Hydro Resources Technologies Demand for energy services Electric heating Power specific demand Heat demand Thermal heat Electricity Thermal heat Agents Markets Firm 1 Firm 2 Firm 3 Firm 4 Household Natural Gas Commodity Electricity Commodity Manufacturing Commodity Nonmanufacturing Commodity Capital Labor GAS ELE MAN NON L K HOU total GAS 4 2 3 1 10 ELE 1 1 7 8 5 22 MAN 1 3 6 26 2 38 NON 5 10 10 30 92 147 L 1 1 5 53 60 K 2 3 8 27 40 HOU 60 40 100 total 10 22 38 147 60 40 100 TIMES CGE
  • 5. Linking the models TIMES CGE 2015 Base year2015 Base year
  • 6. Linking the models TIMES CGE 2015 Base year 2026 Future equilibrium 2015 Base year Demand
  • 7. Linking the models TIMES CGE 2015 Base year 2026 Future equilibrium 2015 Base year Demand Energy mix 2026 Future energy system Convergence: When all variables have a relative change below 10-6 solvedforeachyear solvedforhorizonyear
  • 8. How can we integrate the models? Let us look at problem classes NLP QP LP Complementarity ProblemsKKT conditions Equilibrium programming Non-optimization based problems, e.g. Nash-Cournot games. LP = Linear Program QP = Quadratic Program NLP = Non-Linear Program Source: Prof. Steven Gabriel
  • 11. Integrated models - MCP NLP QP LP Complementarity ProblemsKKT conditions TIMES CGE
  • 12. Model combinations TIMES CGE Linked LP MCP Linked MCP MCP Integrated MCP MCP
  • 13. Problem instances 0% Increasing capital availability +30% 0%Increasinglaboravailability20% 61 x 41 = 2501 problem instances
  • 14. From linking to integration 2501 problem instances – different assumptions for capital and labor availability Hard-linked Integrated MCP equilibrium Nash equilibrium Linking
  • 15. From linking to integration – finding #1 2501 problem instances – different assumptions for capital and labor availability Hard-linked Integrated MCP equilibrium Nash equilibrium Linking 7 hours 10 minutes
  • 17. … from integrated models - MCP NLP QP LP Complementarity ProblemsKKT conditions TIMES CGE
  • 18. … to integrated models - NLP NLP QP LP Complementarity ProblemsKKT conditionsTIMES CGE
  • 19. Model combinations TIMES CGE Linked LP MCP Linked MCP MCP Integrated MCP MCP Integrated LP NLP Linked LP NLP Linked MCP NLP
  • 20. From linking to integration 2501 problem instances – different assumptions for capital and labor availability Hard-linked Integrated MCP Integrated NLP equilibrium Nash equilibrium Linking
  • 21. From linking to integration – finding #2 2501 problem instances – different assumptions for capital and labor availability Hard-linked Integrated MCP Integrated NLP equilibrium Nash equilibrium Linking
  • 22. From linking to integration – finding #2 2501 problem instances – different assumptions for capital and labor availability Hard-linked Integrated MCP Integrated NLP equilibrium Nash Stackelberg equilibrium Linking equilibrium 7 hours 10 minutes 7 minutes
  • 23. Conclusions 1. Linking the models produces the same Nash equilibrium as the integrated model that combines the KKT-conditions into one MCP. 2. Solving one integrated model may be faster than iterating between individual models. 3. Combining the models in a leader-follower setting may produce a Stackelberg equilibrium that differs from the Nash equilibrium.
  • 24. Thank you for your attention! Per.Ivar.Helgesen@Enova.no +47 95307720 Image:NASA