Sudan Country Presentation by Gamal E. Khalifa at the International Conference on Pulses in Marrakesh, Morocco, 18-20 April 2016

1. Gamal E. Khalifa
Sudan – Successes, Lessons Learnt & Challenges Ahead
EU-IFAD PROJECT- ICARDA
ARC- Sudan

2. 2
Project target zones:
 In Sudan The legume program has been executed in five states: River Nile,
Northern, Khartoum, Gezira and North Darfur covering 40 villages and more
than 1000 farmers were participated in this activity.
 As usual the faba bean crop was grown in River Nile, Khartoum, North Korodfan
and Northern states.
 While lentil was grown mainly in River Nile State.
 Chickpea in River Nile and Gezira, as it was promising in this region.

3. 3
The main Areas of The Project in Sudan
Elfashir
Nyala
Dongola
Merowe
ED-damer
Shendi
Khartoum
Wad Madani

4. 4
Major Focus Areas of Project Activities
Many activities were carried out during ( 2013-2015) with special concentration
on the following activities:
I-Research support
II-Seed increase
III-Technology dissemination
IV-Capacity building

5. 5
Project Outputs
I - Research Support Achievements:-
1 -Released of two new faba bean varieties (Merowe and Shendi)
2- Two chickpea genotypes were submitted to NVRC for release.
3- Three large seeded faba bean genotypes in the pipe line ,will be submitted to
VRC during this year.
4- Screening for heat tolerance:
5 – Mapping of faba bean infested area by Orobanche was determined.
6- Virus survey at Gezira Scheme

6. 6
Project Outputs
 The two varieties showed stable and significantly higher seed yields than the
checks, in addition to their resistance to dry root rot, which are considered
among the major biotic stresses in the production areas.
 They were also characterized by good seed quality as they have high protein
content (24.62 and 27.05), and short cooking time (45 and40 min.) respectively.
1 -Released of two medium- seeded ( 53.0 g) faba bean varieties
Merowe and Shendi.

7. Project Output
Seed yield(ton/ha) of the two released varieties and their seed increase percent over the
two checks
Varieties Seed yield over3 locations % increase over the two checks
H.93 Ed-Damer
Merowe 2.6 26.7 25.2
Shendi 2.4 17.2 15.2
H.93(check 1) 2.1 - -
Ed-Damer (check 2) 2.0 - -

8. Genotype Disease Score (%) 100-seed weight (g) Grain yield (kg/ha)
Merowe 5.7 R 54.1 1718.4
Shendi 11.8 R 44.7 2164.8
H.72 66.4 S 50.0 1553.6
Disease reactions (root rots), 100-seed weights and grain yield of some faba bean
resistant genotypes.
Project Outputs
SHENDI MEROWE

9. 9
Project Outputs
2- Two chickpea genotypes were submitted to NVRC for release
 The two genotypes FLIP03-50C and FLIP03-59C are proposed
for release for commercial production because of their valuable characteristic
(high seed yield, large seed weight, earliness).
 Moreover, the genotype FLIP03-50C is adapted to favorable conditions and
resistant to Fusarium wilt .
 The genotype FLIP03-59C is more stable.

10. 10
Project Outputs
Genotype
2012/13 2013/14
Mean
Hudeiba Merowe Hudeiba Merowe
FLIP 03-59C 2.2 1.5 2.5 3.0 2.3
FLIP 03-50C 2.1 1.5 2.6 3.4 2.4
Salawa (FLIP 89-82C) 1.9 2.0 2.6 2.0 2.0
Burgeig (ICCV 91-302) 2.2 1.9 2.4 3.1 2.4
Mean 2.0 1.4 2.2 2.7 2.1
Seed yield(ton/ha) of the two proposed chickpea genotypes for release

11. FLIP 03-59C (High yield +Earliness)
Project Outputs

12. FLIP 03-50C
Project Outputs

13. 3- Three large seeded faba bean genotypes in the pipe line for release
 The three introduced varieties; Giza843,Turkey and Otono were tested for three seasons at
three States (River Nile, Northern and North Korodfan States), in comparison to the released
check SM-L.
 The results indicated the good performance of these varieties as they gave good seed yield and
large seed.
Project Outputs

14. Project Outputs
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Turkey Giza 843 Otono SM-L
2770
2916
1956
2557
2769
2573
2306
2709
3124
2806
3897
2874
Northern
R.N.S
N.Kordofan

15. Giza 843
For the 3 states
Otono
for
North Kordofan
Turkey
for
Northern and N.
Kordofan
Project Outputs

16.  More than 500 accessions of faba bean genotypes were received from ICARDA and
Sudan Gene Bank.
 Some of ICARDA materials showed good performance under Sudan conditions
and they will be used in the breeding program .
Project Outputs
4- Screening for heat tolerance

17. 17
Sudan Gene –Bank Material (44)
Project Outputs

18. 18
ICARDA Material (50)

19.  Surveys done during 2012- 2015 revealed further dissemination of O. crenata by
more than 350 km downstream from the original focus of infestation in new areas..
It is a real threat for faba bean cultivation
5 – Mapping of faba bean infested area by Orobanche was determined.
Project Outputs

20. 20
Project Outputs

21. 21
Project Outputs
Two Surveys during 2012-2015 in Gezira and River Nile States were
carried out.
Sixty chickpea fields in the Gezira Scheme were visited during Feb. 2013 when
the crop at flowering and podding stage. The field area was ranged between 2-
40 ha.
6- Virus survey at Gezira Scheme

22. The results revealed that:
Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CPCDV) was the main biotic constraints for
chickpea production besides wilt and root rot.
The incidence of chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus disease was found to be much higher at
Central of the Scheme (35% ).
% Average disease
incidence
# of fields visitedLocation
3520Central Part of scheme
2518Northern Part of scheme
3012Southern Part of scheme
1710Western Part of scheme
Project Outputs

23. 23
Project Outputs
Locations surveyed in Gezira ``

24. The main Objective
To provide growers by foundation and certified seeds.
Project Outputs
II-SEED INCREASE

25. 25
Seed Increase Achievements
 ARC research stations(4), responsible for foundation seed production, three of them
located in Northern Sudan for production of faba bean and chickpea, and one at Gezira
scheme for chickpea production.
 MOA in River Nile State established small unit of seed production for legume and
wheat in collaboration with wheat and legume programs.
Production and distribution of a considerable amount of legume foundation and
certified seeds of the released varieties.
Project Outputs

26. 1-Early generation seed increase.
2-Foundation and certified seed.
Project Outputs
Seed activities under EU-IFAD PROJECT

27. The amount of seed obtained from the new released and pre-released varieties, under the EU-IFAD
Project (2012- 2015)
Crop Varieties Yield (kg)
Faba Bean 2 Released 715
Chickpea 8 Released 780
2 pre-release
Lentil 3Released 250
Total 13 1745
Project Outputs
1- Early generation seed increase

28. The amount of certified and foundation seed for the released faba bean cultivars produced at River
Nile and Northern States Research Station Farms, (2012-2015)
4/25/201628
Cultivar 2012-013 2013-14 2014-15
Ed-Damer 1.6 3.3 2.6
Basabeer 2.9 19.5 39.5
Hudeiba93 4.7 7.1 7.5
SML 0.1 2.4 5.4
Total 9.3 32.3 55.0
Grand Total 96.6
90% of the produced seed distributed to farmers
Project Outputs
2-Foundation and certified seed.

29. Cultivar 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Atmor 0.2 0.3 0.4
Burgeig 0.1 0.4 0.3
Hawata 0.1 0.5 0.3
Salawa 0.3 0.3 0.3
Total 0.7 1.5 1.3
Grand Total
3.5
Amount of seed yield(kg) of the released chickpea cultivars produced at ARC Stations (Hudeiba, Shendi
and Medani)-2012-2015.
29
Project Outputs

30. Cultivar 2012-013 2013-014 2014-015 Total
Aribo 0.12 0.12 0.1 0.34
Nedi 0.03 0.04 0.1 0.17
Rubatab 0.03 0.04 0.5 0.57
Selaim 0.02 - - 0.02
Total 0.2 0.2 0.7 1.1
The amount of foundation seed (ton)of the released lentil cultivars at River Nile State, Hudeiba
Research Station Farm, (2012-2015)
30
Project Outputs

31. 31
Project Outputs
The main Objective
To enhance and support farmers in the River Nile State to use clean seeds of
legume and wheat as a factor to increase productivity.
SEED PROCESSING UNIT

32. 32
 It has been received from EU- IFAD Project in November 2014.
 Season 2014/ 2015 the processed seeds were about 21.2, 3.0, 1.0 and 69 tons of
faba bean, chickpea, lentil and wheat seeds respectively.
32
About the UNIT
Project Outputs

33. 33
Amount of seeds processed for season 2015/016
Crop Faba bean (ton) Wheat (ton)
Variety Ed-Damer Basabeer Hudeiba93 Imam El Nelien
Legume Program 1.700 10.250 1.000 - -
HRS & Farmers 6.100 2.100 48.5 5.0
MDRP * - 5.0 10.5
Total 21.2 69.0
* MDRP = Merowe Dam Rehabilitation Project
Project Outputs

34. Photos for the Seed Unit
34
Project Outputs

35. Packing and label the products
35
Project Outputs

36. III. Technology Dissemination
1- Demonstration Plots
2-Field Days and Farmer Field Schools
Project outcomes

37. 37
Faba Bean, Lentil and Chickpea Demonstration Plots (2012-2015)-River Nile and
Northern States.
2014-0152013-0142012-013Item
331Number of States
13113Number of Localities
1087514Number of Farmers
50156Number of Villages
953Number of Varieties
34.79.24.2Area(ha)
Project Outcomes

38. 38
Percent Increase in seed yield of demonstration plots over the neighboring farmers
% increase over
the 3 years
2014-152013-142012-13Crop
(%)(%)(%)
124.5162100111Faba Bean
102.311666125Chickpea
Project Outcomes

39. 39
Average Seed yield (tonha) of faba bean and chickpea demonstration and neighboring
plots over 4 localities, River Nile State.
2014-152013-142012-2013Crop
NPDPNPDPNP*DP*
0.82.11.22.40.91.9Faba Bean
0.61.30.61.00.81.8Chickpea
-0.70.71.5--Lentil
*DP= Demonstration Plots
*NP=Neighboring Plots
Project Outcomes

40. 40
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Research plots' yield MT/ ha. Demonstration plots yield Neighboring farmers’ plots
Faba bean yield MT/ ha in the River Nile State season 2012/2013
Research plots' yield MT/ ha.
Demonstration plots yield
Neighboring farmers’ plots
Outcomes Chart

41. 41
Objective:-
1-To enable the farmers to have information related to improved varieties
technology.
2-To raise their awareness regarding the importance of improved varieties and
crop management in increasing crop yield.
2. Field days and Farmer Field School (FFS)
Project Outcomes

42. Item 2012-013 2013-014 2014-015 Total
Number of field days 7 9 11 27
Number of farmers 230 356 470 1056
Number of other participants
47 94 148 289
Total number of field days, farmers and other participants(2012-2015)
Project Outcomes

43. Project Outcomes

44. Project Outcomes

49. Objective:-
The main objective of this activity is to increase the knowledge of field officers and farmers about the
legume production packages.
49
Project Outcomes
IV. Capacity Building

50. Number of
Participants
No. of coursesCourse
80 (Field
officers)
2
IPM of faba bean
●Integrated insect pest management of faba bean.
●Integrated diseases management of faba bean.
●Integrated weed managements of faba bean.
320 (Farmers)4Components of legume crops package as recommended by
ARC.
180 (farmers)6Group discussion (FFS)
58011Total
Training of field officers and Farmers organized by ARC in collaboration with the Department of Extension
and Technology Transfer of the RNS Ministry of Agriculture(2013-2015).
50
Project Outcomes

51. 51
Lessons Learnt from the Project
 Participation of farmers in the evaluation and selection processes is an
important approach for increasing their awareness and demand for the
improved production technologies .
 Adoption of the production technologies is necessary for increasing the farmer's
income and raising their livelihood.
 Training of the legume scientists and their participation in the meetings and
workshops have appreciably improved their research performance

52. 52
Outstanding Project Result
 The introduction of chickpea in Gezira Scheme
 The development and demonstration of new IPM technology
are the most outcomes that make the project successful and contribute to
Sudan’s bigger national goals.

53. 53
Outstanding Project Result
 Introduction of Chickpea in Gezira State.
The area allocated to the crop was increased from few hectares during the nineties to
more than 30000 (ha.) during the last phase of the project.

54. 54
1-The eight released chickpea cultivars ,were distributed to farmers in the first
season(2012-13).
2-In the second season (2013-14) only 6 cultivars were selected by farmers .
3-In the third season (2014-15), the best two cultivars (Burgeig and Hawata) selected by
farmers were distributed to 19 farmers in eight locations.
Outstanding Project Result

55. 55
Number of localities, farmers, villages ,cultivars and area(ha) at Gezira Scheme.
Total2014-0152013-0142012-013Item
16853No.
Localities
311984No. Farmers
311984No. Villages
-268No.Cultivars
231652Area(ha)
Outstanding Project Result

56. 56
Average seed yield(tonha) of the best two chickpea cultivars grown by 19 farmers over 8 Locations
,Gezira Scheme.
Cultivar
2012-013 2013-014 2014-015
Yield
(tonha)
% increase Yield
(tonha)
% increase Yield
(tonha)
% increase
Burgeig 3.0 76.5 2.8 86.6 2.5 56.3
Hawata 2.8 64.7 3.1 106.6 2.4 50.0
Farmers seed 1.7 - 1.5 - 1.6
Outstanding Project Result

57. .Integrated Pest Management
Objective:
 To build on farmers, own perception and knowledge of sustainable crop
production in Northern Sudan by demonstrating to them the effectiveness of
an IPM package for aphids control in faba bean.
Outstanding Project Result

58. Cont.
The package was consisting of two treatments:
Gaucho & Raxil and Neem water extracts with dosage rate of Gaucho (3g) +Raxil
(4g)/kg seeds and 60g/liter of water, respectively.
The IPM-farmers field school, chosen to promote the technology and evaluation.
Outstanding Project Result

59. The IPM package gave an increase in yield of about 25-30% and 22-25% over
farmer’s practices for chemical insecticides and botanicals for both SM-L and
Turkey varieties respectively.
Seed dressing insecticides gave a lower percentage of wilted plants (root rot wilt
complex).
 Adoption of the IPM package improved faba bean yield and net profits of farmers.
Outstanding Project Result

60. 20142013
Themes Number of
participants
Field daysNumber of
participants
Field days
23061554Seed dressing with Tricil
to control aphids and
fungus infections
484--The use of pre-
emergence herbicides
Outstanding Project Result
Integrated Pest Management Field Days and FFS

61. Farmer Field School, Fadalab Scheme RNS

62. 62
Supportive Policy, Regulations & Market Forces
 To enhance small-holder wheat-legume cropping systems and to improve
food security under changing climate in Sudan; The government applied some
polices and regulations, these include :-
 The removal of taxes from all agricultural machines (seed driller, tractor,
harvester, … etc) and agricultural inputs.
 Also, the government encourages the post harvest methods and pulses grading
and packaging.

63. 63
Project Upscaling and Out scaling
 To upscale and out scale the achieved results on both wheat and
food legume crops the following technologies should be applied:-
 On-farm technology dissemination platforms and better adapted wheat and food legume
varieties .
 More proper of integrated pest/ disease management (IPM/IDM).
 Conservation agriculture, supplemental irrigation technology packages and their
combination where new varieties and more appropriate crop production packages should
be used.

64. 64
Policy, Regulations & Market Constraints
 For efficient and adequate pulses markets, they have:
To provide better prices to producers and the availability of
competitively priced produce to consumers.
 Constraints :
There are many constraints that hinder the pulses market:
1-lack of infrastructures.
2- The weakness of rural assembly markets and urban wholesale or
semi-wholesale markets.

65. THANK YOU