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Car Makers Find Ways to Make
Cheaper Hybrids
Hussein Basma
201203464
202/17/2015 Hybrid Cars
 Brief Overview about Hybrid Cars and Their Benefits
 The High Costs of Hybrid Cars
 Projection on The Lebanese Cars Market
 Approaches by Car Companies to Reduce This High Cost
 Comment Blog
 Why Not Benz?
 Conclusion
• Approach Taken by Hyundai
• Approach Taken by Toyota
• Approach Taken by Ford
Outline
02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 3
Brief Overview about Hybrid Cars
and Their Benefits
• A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle
that uses two or more distinct
power sources to move the
vehicle.
• The Term hybrid
Vehicle mainly refers to
hybrid electric Vehicle.
• Hybrid cars are
environmentally friendly
because they use less fuel
than conventional cars.
02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 4
The High Cost of Hybrid Cars
• The problem in Hybrid cars is their
high cost relative to equivalent
conventional cars. Hybrid cars costs
as an average $6000 more than
equivalent fuel cars. [1]
02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 5
Projection on The Lebanese Market
• A car that costs $26000 in the U.S
is going to cost the Lebanese
Market $62000 after Taxes and
registration fees and this is a very
high cost. [2]
Initial Cost
Cost After
Import Taxes
and Tariffs
Cost After
Registration
Fees
Cost $$
$$
$$$
$$$$
02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 6
Approaches by Car Companies to Reduce This High Cost
Approach Taken by Hyundai
• Hyundai introduced the idea
of two parallel Automatic
clutch systems which
consists of a gas engine and
an electric motor. [3]
Electric
Motor
IC
Engine
Highways Traffic
02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 7
Approach Taken by Hyundai
• No need for powerful
electric motors because
we need to generate only
moderate power and thus
the cost decreases . [3]
• 30% decrease in the total
cost of hybrid car
produced by Hyundai. [3]
Series Clutch System
Parallel Clutch System
Series-Parallel Combined Clutch
System
Sonata 2011
02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 8
Approach Taken by Toyota
• Shifting their electrical systems
from 500V to 650V. (Less
Copper, less transistors) [1]
• Using flat cells rather than
cylindrical ones which
saves space and improves
the cooling process of the
Battery. [1]
Flat Cells
Cylindrical Cells
Less Connections
Less Copper
Less Transistors
02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 9
Approach Taken by Toyota
This whole study was adopted by the ASME
in 2014 and significant improvements were
achieved in terms of batteries efficiency. The
results were 14% improvement in efficiency
and 5% reduction in cost. [7]
02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 10
Approach Taken by Ford
• The reason behind such a
high cost is the number
of components such an
industry needs. [4]
• Complete Hybrid Model with
every single component of this
model being manufactured at
Ford. [4]
Complete
Hybrid Model
at Ford
Battery
Systems
Control
Engines
Software
Development
02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 11
Approach Taken by Ford
• Lowering the amount of
dysprosium used to the half
and improving their HVAC
units. [4]
• Dysprosium is the most
expensive and rare earth
metal used in the
manufacturing of
Batteries. [4]
• Their statistics show
that in 2020 25% of
their total sales will
be Hybrid cars. [4]
02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 12
Comments Blog
“such systems rely heavily on batteries and eventually batteries have
low life cycles compared to engines”
New batteries that have a life span from 12 to 15 years in regular
climate conditions and 8 to 12 years life span in extreme climate
conditions. [5]
02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 13
Comments Blog
What Does a 15-year Battery Represent ?
• Batteries can compete powerfully against IC
engines in the lifespan struggle. [5]
02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 14
Why Not Benz?
• Benz had always been the
leading company in automotive
technology. Why it is not in
hybrid cars technology?
• The high cost of a
conventional Benz car is a
reason.
S-400 2014
$57000 for
conventional s-400 fuel
car
VS
$68000 for hybrid s-400
car
02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 15
Conclusion
 The high cost of Hybrid cars prevents our cars market from
being hybrid oriented
 Technological ways to reduce this high cost
 Hyundai developed automatic parallel clutch system
 Toyota modified the battery cells used
 Ford went through logistic changes and modified the
internal composition of their batteries
 Hybrid cars batteries have a good lifespan compared to IC
Engines
02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 16
Backup Slide : Comment Blog;
Theoretical Studies behind hybrid
Cars Technology
“ This field Lacks Theory !!!! ”
ASME reveals that the theoretic research
behind this topic is as much as the technical
one. A lot of theory is inducted especially
optimization theories and mathematical
models for dynamic systems and control
systems. [6]
Efficiency
02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 17
References
[1] Kevin Bullis. (October, 1, 2012). Car Makers Find Ways to Make Cheaper Hybrids.
Retrieved, February, 7, 2015, from
http://www.technologyreview.com/news/429266/carmakers-find-ways-to-make-cheaper-
hybrids/
[2] Charbel Mansour. (January, 27, 2015). The Car of the Future is all about Energy
Efficiency. Retrieved, February, 12, 2015, from
http://www.lau.edu.lb/news-events/news/archive/the_car_of_the_future_is_all_a/
[3] Earth Easy. (May, 9, 2011). New Technology to lower the Cost of Hybrid
Cars. Retrieved, February, 12, 2015, from
http://eartheasy.com/blog/2011/05/new-technology-to-lower-the-cost-of-
hybrid-cars/
[4] Brad Berman. (April, 25, 2011). Ford Implements Strategies to Lower
Costs of Hybrid. Retrieved, February 12, 2015, from
http://www.hybridcars.com/ford-implements-strategies-lower-cost-hybrids-
29785/
[5] Alternative Fuels Data Center. (2014). Benefits and Considerations of
Electricity as Vehicle Fuel. Retrieved, February, 12, 2015, from
http://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity_benefits.html
[6] Pei, D. Lemy, M. (September 2013). Dynamic Programming-Informed
Equivalent Cost Minimization Control Strategies for Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, 135. (051013-2), P.
3-5
[7] Hamut, H. DIncer, I. Natarer, G. (March 2014). Experimental andTheoretical Efficiency
Investigation of Hybrid ElectricVehicle BatteryThermal Management Systems, 136. (011202-1), P. 2-7

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Car Makers Find Ways to Make Cheaper Hybrids

  • 1. Car Makers Find Ways to Make Cheaper Hybrids Hussein Basma 201203464
  • 2. 202/17/2015 Hybrid Cars  Brief Overview about Hybrid Cars and Their Benefits  The High Costs of Hybrid Cars  Projection on The Lebanese Cars Market  Approaches by Car Companies to Reduce This High Cost  Comment Blog  Why Not Benz?  Conclusion • Approach Taken by Hyundai • Approach Taken by Toyota • Approach Taken by Ford Outline
  • 3. 02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 3 Brief Overview about Hybrid Cars and Their Benefits • A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that uses two or more distinct power sources to move the vehicle. • The Term hybrid Vehicle mainly refers to hybrid electric Vehicle. • Hybrid cars are environmentally friendly because they use less fuel than conventional cars.
  • 4. 02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 4 The High Cost of Hybrid Cars • The problem in Hybrid cars is their high cost relative to equivalent conventional cars. Hybrid cars costs as an average $6000 more than equivalent fuel cars. [1]
  • 5. 02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 5 Projection on The Lebanese Market • A car that costs $26000 in the U.S is going to cost the Lebanese Market $62000 after Taxes and registration fees and this is a very high cost. [2] Initial Cost Cost After Import Taxes and Tariffs Cost After Registration Fees Cost $$ $$ $$$ $$$$
  • 6. 02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 6 Approaches by Car Companies to Reduce This High Cost Approach Taken by Hyundai • Hyundai introduced the idea of two parallel Automatic clutch systems which consists of a gas engine and an electric motor. [3] Electric Motor IC Engine Highways Traffic
  • 7. 02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 7 Approach Taken by Hyundai • No need for powerful electric motors because we need to generate only moderate power and thus the cost decreases . [3] • 30% decrease in the total cost of hybrid car produced by Hyundai. [3] Series Clutch System Parallel Clutch System Series-Parallel Combined Clutch System Sonata 2011
  • 8. 02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 8 Approach Taken by Toyota • Shifting their electrical systems from 500V to 650V. (Less Copper, less transistors) [1] • Using flat cells rather than cylindrical ones which saves space and improves the cooling process of the Battery. [1] Flat Cells Cylindrical Cells Less Connections Less Copper Less Transistors
  • 9. 02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 9 Approach Taken by Toyota This whole study was adopted by the ASME in 2014 and significant improvements were achieved in terms of batteries efficiency. The results were 14% improvement in efficiency and 5% reduction in cost. [7]
  • 10. 02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 10 Approach Taken by Ford • The reason behind such a high cost is the number of components such an industry needs. [4] • Complete Hybrid Model with every single component of this model being manufactured at Ford. [4] Complete Hybrid Model at Ford Battery Systems Control Engines Software Development
  • 11. 02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 11 Approach Taken by Ford • Lowering the amount of dysprosium used to the half and improving their HVAC units. [4] • Dysprosium is the most expensive and rare earth metal used in the manufacturing of Batteries. [4] • Their statistics show that in 2020 25% of their total sales will be Hybrid cars. [4]
  • 12. 02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 12 Comments Blog “such systems rely heavily on batteries and eventually batteries have low life cycles compared to engines” New batteries that have a life span from 12 to 15 years in regular climate conditions and 8 to 12 years life span in extreme climate conditions. [5]
  • 13. 02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 13 Comments Blog What Does a 15-year Battery Represent ? • Batteries can compete powerfully against IC engines in the lifespan struggle. [5]
  • 14. 02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 14 Why Not Benz? • Benz had always been the leading company in automotive technology. Why it is not in hybrid cars technology? • The high cost of a conventional Benz car is a reason. S-400 2014 $57000 for conventional s-400 fuel car VS $68000 for hybrid s-400 car
  • 15. 02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 15 Conclusion  The high cost of Hybrid cars prevents our cars market from being hybrid oriented  Technological ways to reduce this high cost  Hyundai developed automatic parallel clutch system  Toyota modified the battery cells used  Ford went through logistic changes and modified the internal composition of their batteries  Hybrid cars batteries have a good lifespan compared to IC Engines
  • 16. 02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 16 Backup Slide : Comment Blog; Theoretical Studies behind hybrid Cars Technology “ This field Lacks Theory !!!! ” ASME reveals that the theoretic research behind this topic is as much as the technical one. A lot of theory is inducted especially optimization theories and mathematical models for dynamic systems and control systems. [6] Efficiency
  • 17. 02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 17 References [1] Kevin Bullis. (October, 1, 2012). Car Makers Find Ways to Make Cheaper Hybrids. Retrieved, February, 7, 2015, from http://www.technologyreview.com/news/429266/carmakers-find-ways-to-make-cheaper- hybrids/ [2] Charbel Mansour. (January, 27, 2015). The Car of the Future is all about Energy Efficiency. Retrieved, February, 12, 2015, from http://www.lau.edu.lb/news-events/news/archive/the_car_of_the_future_is_all_a/ [3] Earth Easy. (May, 9, 2011). New Technology to lower the Cost of Hybrid Cars. Retrieved, February, 12, 2015, from http://eartheasy.com/blog/2011/05/new-technology-to-lower-the-cost-of- hybrid-cars/ [4] Brad Berman. (April, 25, 2011). Ford Implements Strategies to Lower Costs of Hybrid. Retrieved, February 12, 2015, from http://www.hybridcars.com/ford-implements-strategies-lower-cost-hybrids- 29785/ [5] Alternative Fuels Data Center. (2014). Benefits and Considerations of Electricity as Vehicle Fuel. Retrieved, February, 12, 2015, from http://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity_benefits.html [6] Pei, D. Lemy, M. (September 2013). Dynamic Programming-Informed Equivalent Cost Minimization Control Strategies for Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, 135. (051013-2), P. 3-5 [7] Hamut, H. DIncer, I. Natarer, G. (March 2014). Experimental andTheoretical Efficiency Investigation of Hybrid ElectricVehicle BatteryThermal Management Systems, 136. (011202-1), P. 2-7