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Evolutionary rate:
About 1.1×10−3 subs/site/year
Size of SARS-CoV-2 genome (29.9kb)
Which is in the same order of magnitude as other RNA viruses.
Evolutionary rates of human influenza A: 1.8 × 10−3 to 2.2 × 10−3
Even lower than some kinds of flu viruses.
So Nakagawa & Takayuki Miyazawa
Inflammation and Regeneration volume 40, Article number: 17 (2020)
Virus Evolution, Volume 6, Issue 2, July 2020, veaa061,
J Virol. 2006 Apr; 80(7): 3675–3678.
What difference between mutation, variant and strain?
The actual change in
sequence.
E.g. CAG codon wrong
nucleic acid get added
to the chain (CCG)
glutamine-to-proline
Genomes that differ in
sequence are often
called variants.
Variants could differ by
a single or many
mutations.
A variant is a strain when
it has a demonstrably
different phenotype
e.g. difference in
transmissibility, virulence
or antigenicity,
Mutation Variant Strain
How does virus genome sequencing help the response to
COVID-19?
•
•
● GISAID
● Pango
● Nextstrain
Nomenclature
Lineage Designtion
GISAID clade: S、L,V、G,GH、GR、GV、GRY
Pango clade: A、A.1、A.2、B、B.1、B.1.1.7
B1.1.1.1 等同於 C1
Nextstrain clade:19A、19B,20A、20B…
Thank you for you attention~

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從演化的角度來剖析 COVID-19病毒變異株

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  • 2. Evolutionary rate: About 1.1×10−3 subs/site/year Size of SARS-CoV-2 genome (29.9kb) Which is in the same order of magnitude as other RNA viruses. Evolutionary rates of human influenza A: 1.8 × 10−3 to 2.2 × 10−3 Even lower than some kinds of flu viruses. So Nakagawa & Takayuki Miyazawa Inflammation and Regeneration volume 40, Article number: 17 (2020) Virus Evolution, Volume 6, Issue 2, July 2020, veaa061, J Virol. 2006 Apr; 80(7): 3675–3678.
  • 3. What difference between mutation, variant and strain? The actual change in sequence. E.g. CAG codon wrong nucleic acid get added to the chain (CCG) glutamine-to-proline Genomes that differ in sequence are often called variants. Variants could differ by a single or many mutations. A variant is a strain when it has a demonstrably different phenotype e.g. difference in transmissibility, virulence or antigenicity, Mutation Variant Strain
  • 4. How does virus genome sequencing help the response to COVID-19? • •
  • 5. ● GISAID ● Pango ● Nextstrain Nomenclature
  • 6. Lineage Designtion GISAID clade: S、L,V、G,GH、GR、GV、GRY Pango clade: A、A.1、A.2、B、B.1、B.1.1.7 B1.1.1.1 等同於 C1 Nextstrain clade:19A、19B,20A、20B…
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  • 10. Thank you for you attention~

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. 1.Greetings from Jennifer, good afternoon every one we are team A of Cs virtual camp
  2. 6.With these identified problems, we have come up with our five main objectives that Google CS can improve, we would like to : (以下五點)
  3. 5.The first part is about the product which includes UI and UX A thing is that the interface doesn’t change or give any feedback when users do the tasks which users might feel under-rewarded. In addition, there is not enough positive feedback when the user progresses such as the moment when users gain badges or when their level goes up, which may result in the lack of accomplishment. This hereby implies the fact that The CS system relies on users’ individual will. For example,the leader board is a worldwide ranking and its range might be too broad to encourage people to contribute more. ‘In terms of LCM, it is found that although Google has made a lot of devotion regarding the online skill session and panel talk aiming at sharing the CS experience. From the previous part, we can see that there are a lack of localisation and the connection between users which leads to the slow user growth. On the other hand, the current status of CS is that most of the users are mainly from specific regions such as North america or South east asia, which makes the machine learning performance in Taiwan relatively insufficient. Lastly, we have seen that CS team in TW has made a lot of devotion to promote CS function. However, there are some points that we think could be better if improved. For instance, the post of CS social media platforms can be more focused with a clear TA, which will be mentioned later on by our team members. Even though the concept of CS is quite easy to understand and utilise, the thing is that there is lack of brand awareness and therefore resulting in the underdiscovered potential users.
  4. 7.In the end, we have reached the the consensus and determined our final solution regarding the optimisation of CS, that is We aim to create a gamified Crowdsource app which is more localised, user-friendly, with more exposure and entertaining features. By this way, CS land has come to birth. And now I would like to pass to Christine.
  5. 4.Throughout a week’s discussion and practice, we have come through diversified opinions regarding what are the current points that can be approved about CS. This has been spilt to three dimensions, which are UI UX Local community and user growth
  6. 資料來源:https://www.who.int/news/item/31-05-2021-who-announces-simple-easy-to-say-labels-for-sars-cov-2-variants-of-interest-and-concern
  7. Our solution includes these key features.
  8. CSR願景