waste to energy technology

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Creation of the equipment for introduction of power saving up
technologies in industrial production and environment protection has
now huge value. In world power system at set fire of coppers and
stabilisation of burning of a coal dust spend approximately 50 million
tons of black oil or of natural gas. A smoke gases contain nitrogen
oxide, sulfurs oxide, vanadium oxide etc and to pollute environment.
Other of the most serious environmental problems facing many
industrial developed countries, is environmental contamination
household and industrial wastes which in most cases possess such
undesirable properties, as toxicity, carcinogenicity, mutation,
corrosion activity, reactionary ability and fire danger.

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Advantage of use microwave of plasmatron for recycling of
poisonous chemicals consists in simplicity of technological
process and the process equipment, namely, in one-gradualness
of process, and also in creation in the field of burning of
poisonous substances of a heat (to 12000 º C). Besides,
installation works with high coefficient of performance, as
practically all microwave capacity is spent for combustion of
substances
The important advantage microwave plasmatron is that in the
course of its work liquid or firm fuel, and also account chemical
materials is not used.

5. Microwave discharge arises in the gas
filling the resonator. During approximately
one micro second after inclusion of
magnetron intensity of the microwave field
in the regional expert output reaches
apertures of the value close to strike value,
is initiated unelectrode microwave
discharge extending in freely soaring
plasma freely to soar plasmoid. Under the
influence of specially organised vortical
stream of gas the plasma clot is deduced
through a nozzle outside in the form of a
continuous plasma stream. Plasma
discharge does not contact to resonator
walls owing to what metal erosion is absent.
Length of a plasma stream and the cross-
section sizes of plasmoid in the resonator
regulated by quantity submitted of plasma
formed gas.

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 Replacement of expensive gas and black oil on thermal power station is an
actual problem.
 Alternative or partial replacement of coal is the biomass (an agricultural
waste, a waste of wood treatment etc.) But the problem of its use consists in
high humidity of a biomass which complicates set fire an is low-temperature
flame of natural gas or black oil. At use in incendiary devices gas or black oil
in atmosphere emissions of harmful chemical substances arrive: oxides of
sulfurs, nitrogen, vanadium.
 Comparison of efficiency of use microwave plasmatrones with electro-arc
plasmatrones, which are used now, shows that the offered way of microwave
plasma processing has essential advantages. The way of excitation microwave
plasmolize and use of a plasma torch in incendiary device of coppers has high
efficiency of thermochemical transformation of parts of fuel, does not demand
use of coal electrodes with short period of validity and provides reception of
homogeneous and easily controllable plasma torch. microwave plasmatrones
are capable to develop high shock temperature (to 12000 ºC).

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From plasma influence in a coal dust there are positive changes. Coal particles are split up for
smaller components. Thanks to high concentration of energy in plasmoide very high speed of
heating particle of fuel that provides effective allocation of flying components and gasification
the rest of coke is reached. All it raises reactionary properties of fuel..
Thermal explosion dust-coal particles accelerates an exit of flying substances at the expense of
more developed surface of reaction and occurrence of very small particles which are heating up
to temperature of allocation of flying substances much faster, than big.
On a photo parts of the coal dust which has been selected from a stream are represented:
a - in the absence of microwave plasma;
b - in the presence of microwave plasma (pictures are received by means of a raster electronic
microscope).
a b

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Secondary air
Coal dust and
Primary air primary air
The chamber of plasma
Microwave energy processing of coal
In the resonator of plasmatron at giving of microwave capacty from
the generator occurs initiation of electric breakdown plasma-forming
gas to formation freely soaring plasmoide. The plasma stream from a
nozzle of plasmatron is entered in muffle. There through an aperture
the coal dust from the bunker with feed screw.

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 The combined non-polluting way of recycling of an organic waste is an
application of technology of multiplanimetric circulating plasma pyrolysis. The
offered technology provides non-polluting recycling of a waste with reception
high-energy, gaseous, liquid and firm of fuels.
 The products received as a result of plasma-pyrolitic decomposition completely
provide an independent mode of process with possibility of commercial
realisation of days off high-energy of fuels, metals etc.
 The greatest achievement of a way of plasma-pyrolitic gasification is molecular
decomposition and utter annihilation of an organic waste, both firm, and
liquid, toxic and not toxic.
 As a result processed material will be transformed to combustible gases and
harmless, easily flammable rests - slags. The plasma-pyrolitic method is a
processing of a waste in the closed cycle where there is no open dust, there are
no streams in water in any form, and there are no emissions in atmosphere.
 Plasma technology of processing of the waste containing organic materials (the
household dust, industrial wastes, toxic organic connections, a medical waste,
the pesticides forbidden to application or with expired working life and other)
allows to receive additional energy
 Plasma-pyrolitic technology allows to make both one kind of a waste, and
various mixes.

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One of the most serious ecology problems facing to many industrially developed
countries, environmental contamination household and industrial wastes which in most
cases possess such dangerous properties, as toxicity, carcinogenicity, mutation, corrosion
activity, reactionary ability and fire danger is. Most widely used ways of processing liquid,
a powder similar and the granulated toxic waste - loading method of poison substances in
special container with its subsequent burial place, burning, neutralisation poison chemical
matters in fusion of alkaline reagents, thermal decomposition with use of the electroarc
discharge are insufficiently reliable. In the course of burning poison chemical at not
enough heats, besides nitrogen oxide and carbon, it probably the formation of such toxic
waste, as phosgene, dibenzofuranes, dioxines, benzopiren, and other ultratoxic products in
the quantities exceeding maximum permissible concentration. Chemical methods are high
expense, and application of electroarc plasma demand enough difficult design of
installation and frequent replacement of electrodes. Destruction of electrodes at their
operation pollutes plasma products of erosion. Only destruction in harmless to people and
substance environment will cardinally solve a problem of safe recycling of poisonous
substances with transformation of poisons.
Alternative to existing technologies low temperature burning of a toxic waste is their
burning with use of microwave plasma. Use of plasma with average temperatures 3500 -
5000ºC allows to carry out the destruction of organic and inorganic connections with very
big speeds and high degree of transformation.

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The Block diagramme of installation for neutralisation
of poison substance
A firm household
waste after separation
and preliminary crushing
the bunker with the tape conveyor, 2-a pyrolysis zone,
a zone of high-temperature burning, 4-plasmatron of furnaces,
plasmatron of reburning chambers, 6-the generator of microwave energy with a power unit and managements,
a zone of occurrence of a plasma torch,8- the reburning chamber,
испарительный the heat exchanger, 10-the filter, 11-the collection,12- a scrubber, 13-capacity turnaround, 14-the heat exchanger,
-a refrigerator, 16-a gas separator,17-the condensate collection,18- the amalgamator, 19-the filter of thin clearing,
-reception blocks расплава, 21-fans дутьевые, 22-exhaust fans, 23-system шиберов.

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Exit of useful substances at use of plasma-pyrolitic
a method of recycling of a firm household waste
Waste Purified
1000 kg synthesis gas
890 kg
Oxygen, natural
gas, additives
514 kg
Clean
water
350 kg
Minerals
230 kg
Metals Salt Sulfur Zinc con-
29 kg 10 kg 2 kg centrate
3 kg

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TGI Solar Power
Group, Inc.
USA
hv@tgisolar.com