2. The world is facing with threats
and challenges that no single
country, no matter how powerful
it is, can deal with.
Terrorists:
September 11, 3000 deaths, including 19 hijackers
2002 Bali Bombings: 202 deaths, 209 injuries
2004 Madrid Bomb Attacks: 191 deaths, 2050
injuries
2005 London bomb attacks: 56 deaths (including 4
suicide bombers), 100 injuries
Introduction
3. Proliferation of WMDs:
Nuclear Weapons
Biological Weapons
Chemical Weapons
What will happen if WMDs
fall into the hands of terrorists?
Environmental Degradation:
Global warming
Ozone layer
Living atmosphere
4. Natural Disasters:
2004 Tsunami: 230,000 deaths and missing
2008 Cyclone Nagis: 138,366 deaths, $10bn
damages
2010 Haiti earthquake: around 92,000-230,000
deaths
2011 Earthquake and Tsunami
in Japan: 15,756 death, 5,927
injured, and 4,460 missing
5. Famine in the Horn of Africa:
29,000 children may have already been perished
UN said it has only $1.3 billion of the 2.4 billion it
needs 2 assist 12m people
6. Flooding in Southeast Asia:
In Cambodia, 250 people died, 18 provinces affected with the
total cost of $521 millions
Thailand, more than 500 people died with the damage cost of
$ 3.2 billions
7. Humanitarian Crisis in Syria:
Death toll: nearly 300,00 people
200,00 internally displaced people
1.2 million registered refugees in neighboring countries
8. Piracy and Transnational Crimes:
Arms trafficking
Drug trafficking
Trafficking in persons
Sex slavery
Cyber crimes …
Pandemics:
HIV/AIDS
Malaria, TB
2009 A(H1N1): 16,931 deaths in more than 100
countries
EV71: 64 deaths in Cambodia
9. There is no world government to coordinate and
facilitate cooperation among all actors to deal with
threats and challenges.
Therefore, global governance is especially needed.
What is Global Governance?
“…sum of the many ways individuals and
institutions, public and private, manage their common
affairs…” (Commission on Global Governance)
“… collection of governance-related activities, rules
and mechanisms, formal and informal, existing at a
variety of levels in the world today, also referred to as
the ‘pieces of global governance’…” (Karns and Mingst)
Global Governance
10. 1. International Law
There are 5 sources of international law: treaties or
conventions, customary practices, the writings of legal
scholars, judicial decisions, and general principles of
law)
Much of the growth has been in treaty law (1951-1995:
3,666 new multilateral treaties were concluded)
What is the role of the international law?
Pieces of Global Governance
11. 2. International Norms or Soft Law
Not a binding legal documents, but rather the
standards of behaviors, such as: some human rights,
labor rights, framework conventions on climate change
and biodiversity.
12. 3. International Organizations (IGOs)
In 2003/04, there were around 238 IGOs.
Types: Global (UN, WTO, WHO…), Regional (ASEAN,
EU, AU, SAARC..), General purpose (UN, OAS),
Specialized (WTO, WHO, ILO, Nato..)
Functions:
Informational – gather, analyze, disseminate data
Forum – exchanges of views and decision-making
Normative – defining standards of behavior
Rule-creating – drafting treaties
Rule-supervisory – monitoring compliance
Operational – actions to achieve goals
13. 4. NGOs
There are over 6,500 NGOs that have an international
dimension either in terms of membership or commitment
to conduct activities.
Advocating a particular cause such as human rights,
peace or environmental protection.
Providing services such as disaster relief, humanitarian
aid…
14. 5. International Regimes
Encompassing rules, norms and principles as well as the
practices of actors that show both how their expectations
converge and their acceptance of and compliance with
rules.
E.g. IAEA, Kyoto Protocol
15. 6. Global Conference
The Summit for Children in1990 in New York
Rio Earth Summit in 1992
Fourth World Conference on Women in 1995
Copenhagen Conference on Climate Change (COP15)
Cancun Conference on Climate Change (COP16)
COP17???
17. 8. Private Governance
Private governance is a growing, but little studies
phenomenon.
Private firms are attempting to establish enforceable
intellectual property rules for music, software,
harmonization of labor standards, sanitation regulation
…
18. What Actors in Global Governance?
States
IGOs
NGOs
Experts
Global Policy Networks
MNCs…
19. 1. Globalization1. Globalization
What is globalization?
What are the consequences of the phenomenon?
2. The End of the Cold War
“The End of the History and the Last Man”? (Yoshihiro
Francis Fukuyama)
“The Clash of Civilizations” (Samuel Huntington)
The emerging non-traditional threats and global issues
3. Emergent Transnational Civil Society
Global governance is needed to cooperate and facilitate
international efforts to address common threats and
challenges.
Why we need global governance?