This power point also contains Japan vs. the US.

1. Reflection
a. “You ask, what is our policy? I will say: It is to
wage war, by sea, land and air, with all our might
and with all the strength that God can give us: to
wage war against a monstrous tyranny, never
surpassed in the dark, lamentable catalogue of
human crime. That is our policy. You ask, What is
our aim? I can answer in one word: Victory- victory
at all costs, victory in spite of all terror; victory,
however hard and long the road may be; for without
victory, there is no survival.” -Winston Churchill
May 13, 1940

2. Europe After Hitler’s Advance
Britain and US Relations

3. Quiz
Take out a piece of paper and match the
following countries with their respective action.

4. 1. ___Germany
Quiz with France declared war
a. This country along
on Germany after Hitler invaded Poland.
2. ___France b. This country made a non-aggression pact
with Germany.
3. ___Britain c. Hitler was appeased at the Munich
Conference with a portion of this country called
the Sudetenland.
4. ___Austria d. This country was blamed for World War I
and forced to pay huge reparations to the victor
countries.
5. ___Czechoslovakia e. This country fortified its borders with Germany
except for an area called the Ardennes forest which
they assumed could not be penetrated by a large
army.
6. ___Soviet Union f. Hitler invaded this country only to get to the
northern part of France.
7. ___Belgium g. This country was unwillingly annexed by
Germany in a move called the Anschluss.
8. ___Poland h. The invasion of this country sparked the
beginning of World War II.

5. Fall of France
Terms: Germany had all
of France’s northern
border
Southern France was still
under French control
(Vichy government)
Why would the British be
concerned?
“"Your departure grieves
me! I hope you will at
least leave me your
colonies as a souvenir!"
(23 June 1940)”

6. Battle of Britain
Hitler knew he couldn’t launch an attack
against Britain
– Air offensive to destroy air fields and industry
– Even though many places were destroyed,
the Luftwaffe were not successful at defeating
the Royal Air Force or breaking the morale of
the British people

7. Battle of Britain
Hitler’s first defeat
– If he couldn’t bomb
them into submission
he would starve them
into submission
Sank merchant ships
on their way to Britain
When Britain began to
use the convoy system
the Germans used “wolf
packs” to attack them

8. American “Neutrality”
Destroyers for bases
– Britain lost many of its destroyers and asked
President Roosevelt to transfer old American
destroyers to them
– It was agreed that for the old destroyers Britain
would grant the US permission to build military
bases on Newfoundland, Bermuda, and islands in
the Caribbean which meant that there was no
monetary exchange, and the Neutrality act didn’t
apply
– The press was shocked.

9. American “Neutrality”
Lend Lease Act
– United States would become “the great
arsenal of democracy”
– Britain was running out of money and could
no longer pay for the “cash and carry”
Roosevelt compared it to lending a garden hose to
a neighbor whose house was on fire
– Passed in 1941

10. American “Neutrality”
Lend-Lease Act
– The United States
could lend or lease
arms to any country
that might be “vital
to the defense” of
the United States
mostly Britain, but
also to the Soviet
Union as well
– “Those who fight
against Nazism are
on our side too”
-Churchill

11. American “Neutrality”
Step by step Roosevelt was leading the
US to the verge of war with the Nazi’s
– Over the summer of 1941 American ships
“escorted” British ones to the tip of Greenland
and Iceland
When Hitler broke his promise to the
USSR the US extended the lend lease act
to the USSR

12. American “Neutrality”
Atlantic Charter
– August 1941 Roosevelt and Churchill met face to face (secretly) to
discuss the leadership of a postwar world of democracy, non-
aggression, free trade, economic advancement and freedom of the
seas

13. American “Neutrality”
Almost every day since the war began
FDR and Churchill had been exchanging
phone calls, letters or cables
Atlantic Charter condemned “Nazi
Tyranny” and embraced the 4 freedoms of
speech, worship, freedom from want and
freedom from fear

14. American “Neutrality”
FDR pledged to force an
incident which would
justify him in opening
hostilities with Germany
(according to Churchill)
German and US relations
deteriorated quickly as a
U-boat fired on a
American ship and
Roosevelt gave a “shoot
on sight” order
– Germans targeted 2
American destroyers which
sank in the North Atlantic
killing 115 American sailors

15. American “Neutrality”

16. Japan vs. the US
Are they really the bad guys?

17. Disaster in the Pacific
Because of preoccupation with Germany,
Roosevelt avoided conflict with Japan
– As a result Japan expanded militarily into
Southeast Asia
Japanese leaders viewed their Greater
East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere as an
Asian version of the Monroe Doctrine
– Wanted to replace Europeans
– Threatened the Open Door policy with China

18. Policies to Discourage Japan
Economic pressure
– Japan depended on the US for many of its
important supplies (oil, iron ore, steel)
July 1940 Export Control Act
– Gave President Roosevelt the power to
restrict certain materials to certain nations
– He blocked the sale of airplane fuel and
scraps to Japan
This pushed Japan to side with Axis powers

19. Embargo
Japanese leaders indicated a desire to
negotiate
Two nations were at odds
– Japan wanted its conquests recognized
– Us insisted Japan withdraw from China and
renounce the Tripartite Pact with Germany
and Italy
Japan prepared for secret attacks on US
positions in Guam, Philippines and Hawaii

20. Japan Attacks the US
Is it a direct result of the
bombing of Pearl
Harbor that the US
entered WWII ??
Between August 1939
and December 1941 the
US did everything to
help Britain, which
included introducing
policies to discourage
Japan from attacking
the British Empire

21. 1941 Roosevelt sent lend-lease aid
to China
US hoped if it could quell Japan in China they
wouldn’t attack anywhere else
This failed and Japan marched into China
– Roosevelt quickly froze all Japanese assets in the
US, dropped the oil amounts and built up American
defenses in the Philippines
– Made it clear that if Japan left the US would lift the
embargo
Japan decided to attack the US Navy in the
Pacific so they could continue their plans

22. Plans were made
November 26, 1941
six Japanese aircraft
carriers, two
battleships and
several other
warships took off for
Hawaii
Japan seemed to be
continuing the
negotiations with the
US ambassador

23. December 7,1941

24. December 7, 1941
US never thought they would launch
such a long-range attack
sank and or damaged 21 US ships
including 8 battleships, 3 cruisers, 4
destroyers and 6 other ships
188 airplanes were damaged and 2,403
Americans were killed with another
1,178 injured

26. Did Roosevelt Know?
Some critics feel he contrived it to bring
the US into the war
American intelligence had been working
on cracking the Japanese code for some
time
– Information did point to Pearl Harbor being at
risk
Argument is based on circumstantial
evidence, not fact

27. December 7,1941
Day of Infamy Speech
Bugs Bunny Nips the
Nips