2. Presentation Outline
• Introduction
• Magnetic Levitation
• Levitation Principle
• Maglev Guide Track
• Electrodynamic
Suspension
• Linear
Induction Motor
• LIM in levitation
• Characteristics of
LIM
• Benefits
• Current Projects
• Conclusion
3. INTRODUCTION
• Maglev, or magnetic levitation, is a system of transportation
that suspends, guides and propels vehicles, predominantly
trains, using magnetic levitation.
• Trends in increased mobility of large masses with changing
lifestyle for more comfort are leading to congestion on roads
with automobiles.
• Besides, increasing pollution levels from automobiles,
depleting fuel resources, critical dependence on the fuel
import .
• The highest recorded speed of a Maglev train is 581
kilometers per hour (361 mph), achieved in Japan.
• Development of magnetic levitated transport systems is
under progress in developed countries.
4. MAGNETIC
LEVITATION
The need for fast and reliable transportation is
increasing throughout the world. High-
speed rail has been the solution for
many countries. Trains are fast, comfortable,
and energy-efficient.
Maglev research and development began in
Germany and Japan during the early 1970's.
After laboratory tests in both countries, a test
track was constructed in Japan during the
mid-1970's and in Germany during the mid-
1980's
5.
• Maglev tech is a relatively new
transportation tech in which
non contacting vehicles travel safely
at speeds of 250 to 300 mph or higher.
• The forces acting on an object in any
combination of gravitational, electrostatic,
and magneto static fields will make the
object's position unstable.
• It is possible to levitate superconductors
and other diamagnetic materials,
which magnetize in the opposite sense to
a magnetic field in which they are placed.
• As Superconductors are
perfect diamagnets and when placed in an
external magnetic field expel the
field lines from their interiors .
6. PRINCIPLE OF
OPERATION
Imagine that two bar magnets are
suspended one above the other with
like poles directly above and below
each other. Any effort to bring these
two magnets into contact with
each other will have to overcome
the force of repulsion that
exists between two like
magnetic poles.
7. The repulsion of superconducting magnets and
electromagnets in the track keeps a maglev train
suspended above the track. By varying the strength and
polarity of the track electromagnets, the train can be
driven forward.
8. MAGLEV
GUIDE TRACK
The magnetized coil running along
the track, called a guideway, repels
the large magnets on the
train's undercarriage, allowing the
train to levitate between 0.39 and 3.93
inches (1 to 10 cm) above the
guideway. Power is supplied to the
coils within the guideway walls to
create a unique system of magnetic
fields that pull and push the train
along the guideway.
9. LEVITATION
Levitation is the process by which
an object is suspended against
gravity in a stable position. First
thing a maglev system must do is
get off the ground, and then
stay suspended off the ground.
10. ► In the EMS-
attractive system,
the electromagnets which
do the work of levitation
are attached on the top side
of a casing that
extends below and then
curves back up to the rail
that is in the center of the
track.
► The gap between
the bottom of the vehicle
and the rail is only 3/8".
11. Electrodynamic
Suspension
• In the EDS-repulsive system, the
superconducting magnets
(SCMs),which do the levitating
of the vehicle, are at the bottom
of the vehicle, but above the
track.
• The magnetic field of the
superconducting magnets aboard
the maglev vehicle induces an
eddy current in the guideway.
12. Choice of
Linear Induction
Motor
A linear electric motor (LEM) is a
mechanism which converts electrical
energy directly into linear motion
without employing any intervening
rotary components.
Linear Induction Motor (LIM) is
basically a rotating squirrel cage
induction motor opened out flat.
Instead of producing rotary torque
from a cylindrical machine it produces
linear force from a flat one.
13. Linear Synchronous
Motor
LSM generate propulsive
force by running current
through a stator, which creates
an electro-magnetic field.
This electro-magnetic field
interacts with a set of
permanent magnets on a
vehicle to create thrust.
14. • The permanent magnets serve as the motor
secondary, equivalent to a rotor in
conventional motors enabling linear motion.
• The vehicle is propelled by the moving
electro-magnetic field, traveling along as
electric current is applied to the stator
beneath the vehicle.
• The vehicle’s movement is regulated by a
sophisticated control system incorporating
state-of-the-art position sensing technology.
15. Linear Induction Motor (LIM)
In Magnetic Levitation
• The High Speed
Surface Transport (HSST)
system is propelled by
linear induction motor.
• The HSST levitation system
uses ordinary electromagnets
that exerts an attractive
force and levitate the
vehicle.
16. Characteristics of
LIM
In most vehicular propulsion systems,
provision must be made for
increasing the power when the
demand increases.
Whenever more power is needed, the
moving magnet begins to lag further
behind the stationary one; this results
in an immediate increase in thrust.
No separate control is needed .
17. Transportation system Benefits of Magnetic
Levitation
• Power of the maglev motor is dependent on the local conditions.
• Maglev uses 30% less energy than a high-speed train traveling at the same speed.
• Operating costs of a maglev system are approximately half that of conventional
long-distance railroads.
• Maglev is about 20 times safer than airplanes, 250 times safer than conventional
railroads, and 700 times safer than automobile travel.
• Despite the speeds up to 500 km/hour, passengers can move about freely in the
vehicles.
• Materials used to construct maglev vehicles are non-combustible, poor
transmitters of heat, and able to withstand fire penetration.
• Carries no fuel to increase fire hazard.
18. CURRENT PROJECTS
• Germany and Japan have been the pioneering countries in
MagLev research. Currently operational systems include
Transrapid (Germany) and High Speed Surface Transport
(Japan). There are several other projects under scrutiny such as
the SwissMetro, Seraphim and Inductrack. All have to do with
personal rapid transit.
• NASA plans to use magnetic levitation for launching of space
vehicles into low earth orbit.Boeing is pursuing research in
MagLev to provide a Hypersonic Ground Test Facility for the
Air Force.The mining industry will also benefit from MagLev.
There are probably many more undiscovered applications!
19. CONCLUSION
• The Maglev Train: Research on this ‘Dream Train’
has been going on for the last 30 odd years in various
parts of the world.
• The chief advantages of this type of train are: Non-
contact and non-wearing propulsion, independent of
friction, no mechanical components like wheel, axle.
Maintenance costs decrease. Low noise emission and
vibrations at all speeds.
