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Pests and diseases management
- 1. PESTS AND DISEASES MANAGEMENT IN KADAHENDA, RWANDA Kadahenda, 29 April 2016 Dieudonné Harahagazwe 1Integrated potato crop management course
- 2. Outline Disease triangle Potato fungal diseases Major bacterial diseases Major potato pests 2
- 4. Disease Triangle = Basis of Control Strategies Pathogen Host Environment DISEASE
- 5. Example of Potato Late Blight Phytophthora infestans Susceptible variety Weather conditions DISEASETemp. < 22°C RH: 90-95%
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- 12. Common Control practices • Resistant/tolerant varieties • Chemicals: – Dithane (Mancozeb): at plant germination (around 30DAP) and then after Ridomil at 2- week interval – Ridomil: 2 weeks after the first Dithane. The second spray would occur upon onset of LB symptoms. 12
- 13. 2. ALTERNARIA 13
- 14. Symptoms 14
- 15. 15
- 16. 16
- 17. 17 The disease can be very severe especially in subtropical lowlands Chimoio, Mozambique
- 18. • Fortunately it appears late in the crop cycle • Therefore yield incidence is little in tropical highlands 18
- 19. 3. FUSARIUM 19
- 20. Symptoms mainly on tubers in storage 20
- 21. Symptoms on leaves as well but not common in tropical highlands 21
- 23. MAJOR BACTERIAL DISEASES Bacterial Wilt (BW) Blackleg/Soft Rot
- 25. Typical symptoms
- 26. Host plants Chili pepper (Urusenda) Sweet pepper (Puwavuro)
- 28. Water test: Unique for BW Rotanda, Mozambique
- 31. Symptoms on tubers Chimoio, Mozambique
- 32. 3. Integrated Control for bacterial diseases • Use of seed • Plant in a healthy field • Crop rotation with non-host plants • Removal of diseased plants • Removal of plant volunteers • Application of other sanitation and cultivation practices
- 33. Wilting plant Removal of wilting plants and its neighbors for clean seed production.
- 34. Affected soil and plant out of the field (Farmer of Kayanza, Burundi)
- 36. Angonia, Mozambique I am so sorry ladies! There is no chemical control for Bacterial Wilt!
- 37. 4. Latent Infection • No apparent symptoms • Tubers carry diseases from one land to the other • Tolerant varieties are more prone to latency than the sensitive ones • Need to test seed tubers prior to planting
- 38. IV. MAJOR POTATO PESTS
- 40. • Cutworms normally appear in the field at young age of the potato crop (20 – 40 DAP). • Smallholder farmers are encouraged to visit their fields on a daily basis in a bid to detect, collect and kill any cutworms that show up.
- 41. 2. Aphids
- 42. The pest
- 43. 3. Leafminer
- 44. The pest, abundant in Kadahenda
- 45. Severity in the field Sussundenga, Mozambique Even wild plants are affected
- 47. 4. PTM (Potato Tuber Moth)
- 48. The pest Lichinga, Mozambique Symptoms on tubers
- 49. When the tuber is cut….
- 50. 4. Insecticides for aphids and leafminer control As recommended by the National Potato Sub- Program, RAB-Rwanda: • Imidachloprid 200 SL: systemic insecticide for aphid control • CYPRO 44 EC (Profenofos 40% + Cypermethrine 4% EC) • Jackpot 50 EC (Lambda-Cyhalothrin 50g/l): broad spectrum insecticide for the control of biting and sucking insect pests • Romectin 18 EC (Abamectin 18% ): Insecticide/miticide for the control of spider mites and leafminers
- 51. Acknowledgements We would like to acknowledge Humidtropics and the CGIAR Fund Donors for their provision of core and project-specific funding without which this research could not deliver results that eventually positively impact the lives of millions of smallholder farmers in tropical Americas, Asia and Africa. This presentation was made at a training workshop on Integrated Potato Crop Management organized by the International Potato Center (CIP) for Innovation Platform (IP) members of Kadahenda, Rwanda.