SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 15
The Challenges and the
Opportunities in the Urban
Planning Preparedness
Group I
Maliha Binte Mohiuddin (Bangladesh)
Maria Therese Sandra Cacas (Philippines)
La Ode Mansyur (Indonesia)
Simon Yin (China)
Background
The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 is dedicated to
making cities and human settlements safe, inclusive, resilient and
sustainable. Recently, member States of the UN adopted a “New
Urban Agenda” for re-establishing stronger commitments towards
healthier, more functional and environmentally sound urban
spaces. In the urban planning preparedness , we will discuss the
whole issues within two factors:
 Structural issues – refer to the construction sector.
 Non-Structural issues – refer to the planners and the
developers.
Problems
 Proper implementation of the concepts prepared by urban
developers and planners.
 Application of different technologies in the urban planning
without thinking about the future sustainability.
 Trying to implement other countries’ technologies without
thinking about the diversifying landscape of different countries.
Aims and Objectives
 To identify land use for urban planning in the context of DRR
 To identify the disaster prone areas to SDGs
 To provide spatial planning for management-based
development disaster
Methodology
 This study uses a qualitative method. The type of data to be
gathered is secondary data.
Timeline
 Gathering of information thru SIA etc. – 1 week
 Evaluation of data gathered – 3 to 6 months
 Preparation of final report – 2 weeks
Anticipated Outcomes and Challenges
 China – Xiongan City
 Indonesia – Jember Regency
 Philippines – Manila
 Bangladesh - Dhaka
Xiongan New Area as Resilience City
 Established on April 1, 2017.
 1 to 3 million residents in 200 to 2000 square kilometers.
 105 kilometers southwest of Beijing.
Three Abilities
1. Absorb disaster and maintain basic operation.
2. Self adapt to and resist disaster.
3. Recover from disaster and increase capacity for resisting
more serious disaster in the future.
1. Maximally guarantee people’s life.
2. Sustain disaster and maintain urban system’s stability.
3. Maximally protect urban infrastructure and reduce losses.
4. Prompt recovery.
Four Objectives
Underground facilities
• Water
• Electricity
• Gas
• Disaster management system
Challenges
 Far away from sea and river.
 Lack of clean water.
 Population
 Natural Events
 High Fatalities
Challenges of Jember Regency
Manila
 Population: 13.7M
Expected Outcomes
 Safety from risks, disaster preparedness, transportation
and mobility should be taken into consideration in the
urban planning
 Appropriate stakeholders that are involved with the
construction industry should be responsible for
integrating DRR activities into the planning, redesigning,
construction, and operation of the current environment
 Outsourcing of funds for implementation
 Domination of politics
Challenges
Expected Outcomes for the Urbanism in
Dhaka
• Re-negotiating the social
and economic—as well
as conceptual—
separation approach.
• Different organisations
will have to be
reorganised in response
to a fluctuating
landscape, along with
devising newer types of
economic, civic and
social opportunities.
• A new conception of a
city will have to be
developed that integrates
urbanism, agriculture,
infrastructure and
Challenges
Most urban planners and
policymakers focus on the core
city. Official planning is unable to
conceptualize the special and
unique condition of this edge.
Without that realization it is easy
to participate in the destruction of
the city's hydro-geographical
landscape.
 An audacious vision for Dhaka
has to begin from the edge so
that the norm of planning, in
which the core is privileged, is
reversed.
Measurements to overcome the
possible challenges
A) Sustainable and Affordable Housing
Our goal to meet the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
B) Green Roofs
Green Roofs (roofs with a vegetated surface and substrate) provide
ecosystem services in urban areas, including improved storm-water
management, better regulation of building temperatures, reduced
urban heat-island effects, and increased urban wildlife habitat.
C) Sustainable Transportation
Transport has a major impact on the spatial and economic
development of cities and regions. The attractiveness of particular
locations depends in part on the relative accessibility, and this in
turn depends on the quality and quantity of the transport
infrastructure
Measurements to Overcome the
possible Challenges
1.The Map of Disaster
Prone Areas
2.The Map of Land
Use in Jember
Regency
Map of Analysis of Land Use and
Disaster Prone Areas
The idea of the city as a
garden is not a fantasy
but an urban ideology that
combines civic well-being
and environmental
sustainability.
Reference
s:
 dailystar. net 2019. Published on 10 February
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330102462
 http://worldpopulationreview.com
 zipmatch.com/blog/urban-planning-in-metro-manila
Thank you!

More Related Content

What's hot

Introduction to town planning
Introduction to town planningIntroduction to town planning
Introduction to town planning
ctlachu
 

What's hot (20)

Urban planning presentation 01
Urban planning presentation 01Urban planning presentation 01
Urban planning presentation 01
 
Fundamental of urban and regional planning
Fundamental of urban and regional planningFundamental of urban and regional planning
Fundamental of urban and regional planning
 
Perspective plan
Perspective planPerspective plan
Perspective plan
 
Regional planning ppt
Regional planning pptRegional planning ppt
Regional planning ppt
 
Urban Planning Types, Processes and History
Urban Planning Types, Processes and HistoryUrban Planning Types, Processes and History
Urban Planning Types, Processes and History
 
Lect 1 Urban Renewal & Conservation
Lect 1 Urban Renewal & ConservationLect 1 Urban Renewal & Conservation
Lect 1 Urban Renewal & Conservation
 
Urbanization and development historical perspective
Urbanization and development historical perspectiveUrbanization and development historical perspective
Urbanization and development historical perspective
 
urban fringes
urban fringesurban fringes
urban fringes
 
Evolution of planning legislation in india
Evolution of planning legislation in india Evolution of planning legislation in india
Evolution of planning legislation in india
 
Tcpo
TcpoTcpo
Tcpo
 
SECTOR THEORY
SECTOR THEORYSECTOR THEORY
SECTOR THEORY
 
Urban Development
Urban DevelopmentUrban Development
Urban Development
 
Bid Rent Theory
Bid Rent TheoryBid Rent Theory
Bid Rent Theory
 
Urban & Regional Planning - Issues & Challenges
Urban & Regional Planning - Issues & ChallengesUrban & Regional Planning - Issues & Challenges
Urban & Regional Planning - Issues & Challenges
 
Urbanism
UrbanismUrbanism
Urbanism
 
Central business district
Central business districtCentral business district
Central business district
 
Introduction to town planning
Introduction to town planningIntroduction to town planning
Introduction to town planning
 
Urban infrastructure in india
Urban infrastructure in indiaUrban infrastructure in india
Urban infrastructure in india
 
New Urbanism.pptx
New Urbanism.pptxNew Urbanism.pptx
New Urbanism.pptx
 
TOD - Transit Oriented Development
TOD - Transit Oriented DevelopmentTOD - Transit Oriented Development
TOD - Transit Oriented Development
 

Similar to The Challenges and the Opportunities in the Urban Planning Preparedness

407452606-Urban-Floods-1.ppt
407452606-Urban-Floods-1.ppt407452606-Urban-Floods-1.ppt
407452606-Urban-Floods-1.ppt
Ali Al-naqa
 
ACCCRN City Projects
ACCCRN City ProjectsACCCRN City Projects
ACCCRN City Projects
The Rockefeller Foundation
 
ACCCRN Cities Projects 2014
ACCCRN Cities Projects 2014ACCCRN Cities Projects 2014
ACCCRN Cities Projects 2014
The Rockefeller Foundation
 
Aed1313 ibe week 5 urp
Aed1313 ibe week 5 urpAed1313 ibe week 5 urp
Aed1313 ibe week 5 urp
nurun2010
 
Kajang sustainable development
Kajang sustainable developmentKajang sustainable development
Kajang sustainable development
Ali Alshock
 

Similar to The Challenges and the Opportunities in the Urban Planning Preparedness (20)

Urban Cities and Disaster Management.docx
Urban Cities and Disaster Management.docxUrban Cities and Disaster Management.docx
Urban Cities and Disaster Management.docx
 
Environment presentation ws2 final
Environment presentation ws2 finalEnvironment presentation ws2 final
Environment presentation ws2 final
 
407452606-Urban-Floods-1.ppt
407452606-Urban-Floods-1.ppt407452606-Urban-Floods-1.ppt
407452606-Urban-Floods-1.ppt
 
Vietnam disaster risk prevention aid system for urban flooding
Vietnam disaster risk prevention aid system for urban floodingVietnam disaster risk prevention aid system for urban flooding
Vietnam disaster risk prevention aid system for urban flooding
 
ACCCRN Cities Poject - May 2013
ACCCRN Cities Poject - May 2013ACCCRN Cities Poject - May 2013
ACCCRN Cities Poject - May 2013
 
What are the objectives and need for urban planning.docx
What are the objectives and need for urban planning.docxWhat are the objectives and need for urban planning.docx
What are the objectives and need for urban planning.docx
 
Risk sensitive spatial planning in global south
Risk sensitive spatial planning in global south Risk sensitive spatial planning in global south
Risk sensitive spatial planning in global south
 
ACCCRN City Projects
ACCCRN City ProjectsACCCRN City Projects
ACCCRN City Projects
 
IRJET- Sustainable Planning Strategies and its Principles
IRJET- Sustainable Planning Strategies and its PrinciplesIRJET- Sustainable Planning Strategies and its Principles
IRJET- Sustainable Planning Strategies and its Principles
 
Eco2 Cities
Eco2 CitiesEco2 Cities
Eco2 Cities
 
Exploring Dimensions of Urban Disaster Management in Mega Cities
Exploring Dimensions of Urban Disaster Management in Mega CitiesExploring Dimensions of Urban Disaster Management in Mega Cities
Exploring Dimensions of Urban Disaster Management in Mega Cities
 
ACCCRN Cities Projects 2014
ACCCRN Cities Projects 2014ACCCRN Cities Projects 2014
ACCCRN Cities Projects 2014
 
Urban Water Planning
Urban Water PlanningUrban Water Planning
Urban Water Planning
 
Aed1313 ibe week 5 urp
Aed1313 ibe week 5 urpAed1313 ibe week 5 urp
Aed1313 ibe week 5 urp
 
An Urban Design Approach to a Sustainable Compact City in New Growth Potentia...
An Urban Design Approach to a Sustainable Compact City in New Growth Potentia...An Urban Design Approach to a Sustainable Compact City in New Growth Potentia...
An Urban Design Approach to a Sustainable Compact City in New Growth Potentia...
 
Kajang sustainable development
Kajang sustainable developmentKajang sustainable development
Kajang sustainable development
 
THE METHODS AND PRINCIPLES OF SETTLEMENTS DEVELOPMENT FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT LA...
THE METHODS AND PRINCIPLES OF SETTLEMENTS DEVELOPMENT FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT LA...THE METHODS AND PRINCIPLES OF SETTLEMENTS DEVELOPMENT FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT LA...
THE METHODS AND PRINCIPLES OF SETTLEMENTS DEVELOPMENT FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT LA...
 
Urbanization
UrbanizationUrbanization
Urbanization
 
Coastal Urban Flood Risk Management
Coastal Urban Flood Risk ManagementCoastal Urban Flood Risk Management
Coastal Urban Flood Risk Management
 
UEVRP.ppt
UEVRP.pptUEVRP.ppt
UEVRP.ppt
 

More from ESD UNU-IAS

More from ESD UNU-IAS (20)

FACTORIA 4.7 - Ibero-American Platform On Education For Sustainable Development
FACTORIA 4.7 - Ibero-American Platform On Education For Sustainable Development FACTORIA 4.7 - Ibero-American Platform On Education For Sustainable Development
FACTORIA 4.7 - Ibero-American Platform On Education For Sustainable Development
 
Proyecto Boost - Promoting Environmental Education For Sustainability in the ...
Proyecto Boost - Promoting Environmental Education For Sustainability in the ...Proyecto Boost - Promoting Environmental Education For Sustainability in the ...
Proyecto Boost - Promoting Environmental Education For Sustainability in the ...
 
Aprendiztegi
Aprendiztegi Aprendiztegi
Aprendiztegi
 
Educational Community In Exile Without Institutional Support
Educational Community In Exile Without Institutional SupportEducational Community In Exile Without Institutional Support
Educational Community In Exile Without Institutional Support
 
Vemo-nos no Monte (See You in the Forest)
Vemo-nos no Monte (See You in the Forest)Vemo-nos no Monte (See You in the Forest)
Vemo-nos no Monte (See You in the Forest)
 
RCE South Poland
RCE South PolandRCE South Poland
RCE South Poland
 
How Do We Build A Movement For Change
How Do We Build A Movement For Change How Do We Build A Movement For Change
How Do We Build A Movement For Change
 
The Role of the Human Dimension in Promoting Education for Sustainable Develo...
The Role of the Human Dimension in Promoting Education for Sustainable Develo...The Role of the Human Dimension in Promoting Education for Sustainable Develo...
The Role of the Human Dimension in Promoting Education for Sustainable Develo...
 
Araban Zu Zero – Climate Footprint Calculator
Araban Zu Zero – Climate Footprint CalculatorAraban Zu Zero – Climate Footprint Calculator
Araban Zu Zero – Climate Footprint Calculator
 
Pedagogy Of Hope
Pedagogy Of HopePedagogy Of Hope
Pedagogy Of Hope
 
The 15 Critical Uncertainties Taken Into Consideration
The 15 Critical Uncertainties Taken Into ConsiderationThe 15 Critical Uncertainties Taken Into Consideration
The 15 Critical Uncertainties Taken Into Consideration
 
How Can We Support Education Professionals in (Re)Designing Education for Sus...
How Can We Support Education Professionals in (Re)Designing Education for Sus...How Can We Support Education Professionals in (Re)Designing Education for Sus...
How Can We Support Education Professionals in (Re)Designing Education for Sus...
 
Monitoring and Evaluating Education for Sustainable Development
Monitoring and Evaluating Education for Sustainable DevelopmentMonitoring and Evaluating Education for Sustainable Development
Monitoring and Evaluating Education for Sustainable Development
 
Inner Development Goals (IDGs)
Inner Development Goals (IDGs)Inner Development Goals (IDGs)
Inner Development Goals (IDGs)
 
Role of Youth in Climate Action: Creating a Multistakeholdership in Japan
Role of Youth in Climate Action: Creating a Multistakeholdership in JapanRole of Youth in Climate Action: Creating a Multistakeholdership in Japan
Role of Youth in Climate Action: Creating a Multistakeholdership in Japan
 
Intersectional Approach to Uplift the Vulnerable
Intersectional Approach to Uplift the VulnerableIntersectional Approach to Uplift the Vulnerable
Intersectional Approach to Uplift the Vulnerable
 
Stakeholder Identification in Net Zero Initiatives
Stakeholder Identification in Net Zero InitiativesStakeholder Identification in Net Zero Initiatives
Stakeholder Identification in Net Zero Initiatives
 
Result Based Project Design
Result Based Project DesignResult Based Project Design
Result Based Project Design
 
Zeroing MY Foodprint - Transitioning the Carbon Loop of Food Waste to Net Zero
Zeroing MY Foodprint - Transitioning the Carbon Loop of Food Waste to Net ZeroZeroing MY Foodprint - Transitioning the Carbon Loop of Food Waste to Net Zero
Zeroing MY Foodprint - Transitioning the Carbon Loop of Food Waste to Net Zero
 
Towards Jakarta Net Zero by 2050
Towards Jakarta Net Zero by 2050Towards Jakarta Net Zero by 2050
Towards Jakarta Net Zero by 2050
 

Recently uploaded

Unique Value Prop slide deck________.pdf
Unique Value Prop slide deck________.pdfUnique Value Prop slide deck________.pdf
Unique Value Prop slide deck________.pdf
ScottMeyers35
 

Recently uploaded (20)

A Press for the Planet: Journalism in the face of the Environmental Crisis
A Press for the Planet: Journalism in the face of the Environmental CrisisA Press for the Planet: Journalism in the face of the Environmental Crisis
A Press for the Planet: Journalism in the face of the Environmental Crisis
 
2024: The FAR, Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 32
2024: The FAR, Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 322024: The FAR, Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 32
2024: The FAR, Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 32
 
31st World Press Freedom Day Conference in Santiago.
31st World Press Freedom Day Conference in Santiago.31st World Press Freedom Day Conference in Santiago.
31st World Press Freedom Day Conference in Santiago.
 
Finance strategies for adaptation. Presentation for CANCC
Finance strategies for adaptation. Presentation for CANCCFinance strategies for adaptation. Presentation for CANCC
Finance strategies for adaptation. Presentation for CANCC
 
The NAP process & South-South peer learning
The NAP process & South-South peer learningThe NAP process & South-South peer learning
The NAP process & South-South peer learning
 
Make a difference in a girl's life by donating to her education!
Make a difference in a girl's life by donating to her education!Make a difference in a girl's life by donating to her education!
Make a difference in a girl's life by donating to her education!
 
Tuvalu Coastal Adaptation Project (TCAP)
Tuvalu Coastal Adaptation Project (TCAP)Tuvalu Coastal Adaptation Project (TCAP)
Tuvalu Coastal Adaptation Project (TCAP)
 
Antisemitism Awareness Act: pénaliser la critique de l'Etat d'Israël
Antisemitism Awareness Act: pénaliser la critique de l'Etat d'IsraëlAntisemitism Awareness Act: pénaliser la critique de l'Etat d'Israël
Antisemitism Awareness Act: pénaliser la critique de l'Etat d'Israël
 
Kolkata Call Girls Halisahar 💯Call Us 🔝 8005736733 🔝 💃 Top Class Call Girl ...
Kolkata Call Girls Halisahar  💯Call Us 🔝 8005736733 🔝 💃  Top Class Call Girl ...Kolkata Call Girls Halisahar  💯Call Us 🔝 8005736733 🔝 💃  Top Class Call Girl ...
Kolkata Call Girls Halisahar 💯Call Us 🔝 8005736733 🔝 💃 Top Class Call Girl ...
 
Unique Value Prop slide deck________.pdf
Unique Value Prop slide deck________.pdfUnique Value Prop slide deck________.pdf
Unique Value Prop slide deck________.pdf
 
Contributi dei parlamentari del PD - Contributi L. 3/2019
Contributi dei parlamentari del PD - Contributi L. 3/2019Contributi dei parlamentari del PD - Contributi L. 3/2019
Contributi dei parlamentari del PD - Contributi L. 3/2019
 
3 May, Journalism in the face of the Environmental Crisis.
3 May, Journalism in the face of the Environmental Crisis.3 May, Journalism in the face of the Environmental Crisis.
3 May, Journalism in the face of the Environmental Crisis.
 
Call Girls Mehsana / 8250092165 Genuine Call girls with real Photos and Number
Call Girls Mehsana / 8250092165 Genuine Call girls with real Photos and NumberCall Girls Mehsana / 8250092165 Genuine Call girls with real Photos and Number
Call Girls Mehsana / 8250092165 Genuine Call girls with real Photos and Number
 
AHMR volume 10 number 1 January-April 2024
AHMR volume 10 number 1 January-April 2024AHMR volume 10 number 1 January-April 2024
AHMR volume 10 number 1 January-April 2024
 
31st World Press Freedom Day Conference.
31st World Press Freedom Day Conference.31st World Press Freedom Day Conference.
31st World Press Freedom Day Conference.
 
2024: The FAR, Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 31
2024: The FAR, Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 312024: The FAR, Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 31
2024: The FAR, Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 31
 
NGO working for orphan children’s education
NGO working for orphan children’s educationNGO working for orphan children’s education
NGO working for orphan children’s education
 
Dating Call Girls inBaloda Bazar Bhatapara 9332606886Call Girls Advance Cash...
Dating Call Girls inBaloda Bazar Bhatapara  9332606886Call Girls Advance Cash...Dating Call Girls inBaloda Bazar Bhatapara  9332606886Call Girls Advance Cash...
Dating Call Girls inBaloda Bazar Bhatapara 9332606886Call Girls Advance Cash...
 
2024 UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize
2024 UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize2024 UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize
2024 UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize
 
Honasa Consumer Limited Impact Report 2024.pdf
Honasa Consumer Limited Impact Report 2024.pdfHonasa Consumer Limited Impact Report 2024.pdf
Honasa Consumer Limited Impact Report 2024.pdf
 

The Challenges and the Opportunities in the Urban Planning Preparedness

  • 1. The Challenges and the Opportunities in the Urban Planning Preparedness Group I Maliha Binte Mohiuddin (Bangladesh) Maria Therese Sandra Cacas (Philippines) La Ode Mansyur (Indonesia) Simon Yin (China)
  • 2. Background The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 is dedicated to making cities and human settlements safe, inclusive, resilient and sustainable. Recently, member States of the UN adopted a “New Urban Agenda” for re-establishing stronger commitments towards healthier, more functional and environmentally sound urban spaces. In the urban planning preparedness , we will discuss the whole issues within two factors:  Structural issues – refer to the construction sector.  Non-Structural issues – refer to the planners and the developers. Problems  Proper implementation of the concepts prepared by urban developers and planners.  Application of different technologies in the urban planning without thinking about the future sustainability.  Trying to implement other countries’ technologies without thinking about the diversifying landscape of different countries.
  • 3. Aims and Objectives  To identify land use for urban planning in the context of DRR  To identify the disaster prone areas to SDGs  To provide spatial planning for management-based development disaster Methodology  This study uses a qualitative method. The type of data to be gathered is secondary data. Timeline  Gathering of information thru SIA etc. – 1 week  Evaluation of data gathered – 3 to 6 months  Preparation of final report – 2 weeks
  • 4. Anticipated Outcomes and Challenges  China – Xiongan City  Indonesia – Jember Regency  Philippines – Manila  Bangladesh - Dhaka
  • 5. Xiongan New Area as Resilience City  Established on April 1, 2017.  1 to 3 million residents in 200 to 2000 square kilometers.  105 kilometers southwest of Beijing. Three Abilities 1. Absorb disaster and maintain basic operation. 2. Self adapt to and resist disaster. 3. Recover from disaster and increase capacity for resisting more serious disaster in the future. 1. Maximally guarantee people’s life. 2. Sustain disaster and maintain urban system’s stability. 3. Maximally protect urban infrastructure and reduce losses. 4. Prompt recovery. Four Objectives
  • 6. Underground facilities • Water • Electricity • Gas • Disaster management system Challenges  Far away from sea and river.  Lack of clean water.
  • 7.  Population  Natural Events  High Fatalities Challenges of Jember Regency
  • 8. Manila  Population: 13.7M Expected Outcomes  Safety from risks, disaster preparedness, transportation and mobility should be taken into consideration in the urban planning  Appropriate stakeholders that are involved with the construction industry should be responsible for integrating DRR activities into the planning, redesigning, construction, and operation of the current environment  Outsourcing of funds for implementation  Domination of politics Challenges
  • 9. Expected Outcomes for the Urbanism in Dhaka • Re-negotiating the social and economic—as well as conceptual— separation approach. • Different organisations will have to be reorganised in response to a fluctuating landscape, along with devising newer types of economic, civic and social opportunities. • A new conception of a city will have to be developed that integrates urbanism, agriculture, infrastructure and
  • 10. Challenges Most urban planners and policymakers focus on the core city. Official planning is unable to conceptualize the special and unique condition of this edge. Without that realization it is easy to participate in the destruction of the city's hydro-geographical landscape.  An audacious vision for Dhaka has to begin from the edge so that the norm of planning, in which the core is privileged, is reversed.
  • 11. Measurements to overcome the possible challenges A) Sustainable and Affordable Housing Our goal to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. B) Green Roofs Green Roofs (roofs with a vegetated surface and substrate) provide ecosystem services in urban areas, including improved storm-water management, better regulation of building temperatures, reduced urban heat-island effects, and increased urban wildlife habitat. C) Sustainable Transportation Transport has a major impact on the spatial and economic development of cities and regions. The attractiveness of particular locations depends in part on the relative accessibility, and this in turn depends on the quality and quantity of the transport infrastructure
  • 12. Measurements to Overcome the possible Challenges 1.The Map of Disaster Prone Areas 2.The Map of Land Use in Jember Regency
  • 13. Map of Analysis of Land Use and Disaster Prone Areas
  • 14. The idea of the city as a garden is not a fantasy but an urban ideology that combines civic well-being and environmental sustainability.
  • 15. Reference s:  dailystar. net 2019. Published on 10 February  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330102462  http://worldpopulationreview.com  zipmatch.com/blog/urban-planning-in-metro-manila Thank you!