Introduction to internal combustion engine-[gasoline or petrol] presentation for undergraduate student of mechanical engineering.

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AMBITION IS A DREAM WITH V8 ENGINE
• Hamood Ur Rahman
• Muhammad Hamza
• Kashif Riaz
May 19, 2016
Petrol Engine
Department of Mechanical Engineering. University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar
᷉Elvis Presley

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Engine
A device or a machine with moving parts that converts power into motion
Petrol Engine
 A device or a machine with moving parts that converts power into motion
by using petrol as power source
Introduction to Petrol Engine

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History Of Petrol Engine
The first practical petrol engine was built in 1876 in Germany by Nikolaus August
Otto.
The first petrol combustion engine (one cylinder, 121.6 cm3 displacement) was
prototyped in 1882 in Italy by Enrico Bernardi.

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Classification of Petrol Engine
According to Number of Stokes
1. Two Stroke Engine: Completes power stroke in two cycles
2. Four Stroke engine: Completes power stroke in four cycles
According to Arrangement of Pistons and Cylinders
1. Flat Engine: An engine with horizontally opposed pistons e-g light air
craft and motor bikes

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Classification of Petrol Engine (Continued)
V-Engine
An engine which appears as “V” when viewed along
the axis of the crankshaft e.g. sports cars and luxury cars
(commonly V8)
Radial engine
An engine in which the cylinders "radiate" outward from
a central crankcase like the spokes of a wheel
e.g. Tanks and Air-crafts

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Main Parts of Engine

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Parts and Their Functions
•Cylinder: It contains gas under pressure and guides the piston
•Cylinder Head: Seal the working head of the cylinder and to permit entry and
exit of gases
•Piston: Face to receive gas pressure and transmit thrust to
connecting rod
•Piston Rings: Provides sealing fit between piston and cylinder
•Gudgeon Pin: Supports and allow the connecting rod to swivel
•Connecting Rod: Transmits the piston load to crank. It also converts
reciprocating motion of piston into rotating motion of
crankshaft

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Parts and Their Functions (Continued)
•Piston Rings: It provides fit between piston and cylinder
•Gudgeon Pin: Supports and allows the connecting rod to swivel
•Connecting Rod: Transmit the piston load to crank.
•Fly Wheel: It takes care of fluctuations in speed during thermodynamic
cycle
•Governor: It keeps the speed of engine constant
•Carburetor: It atomize the fuel and mix it with air as it enter the
combustion chamber

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Parts and Their Functions (Continued)
•Spark Plug: The main function is to conduct the high potential from the
ignition system into the combustion chamber
•Valves: Four valves are there. Two for inlet of mixture and two for
exhaust gases

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Working
The cycle of operation in a four stroke petrol engine is completed in 2 revolutions of crank
shaft or 4 strokes of piston.
Following are four strokes
1. Intake or Suction Stroke
2. Compression Stroke
3. Expansion Stroke
4. Exhaust Stroke

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Modified Petrol Engines:
VVT-i
• In internal combustion engines variable valve timing with intelligence often abbreviated to VVT-I technology
• It is used to control the intake and exhaust valves timing with respect to engines rpm, valves timing plays
an important role in engine performance.it generally control the amount of charge or intake air into the
combustion chamber.
• In conventional engines opening and closing of valves cannot varies along with variation in speed ,valves
open or close for specific time and only for a particular speeds .But in VVT-I equipped engines valve
opening and closing duration optimize at all engine speeds or according to engine requirement.
• Optimizing valves opening and closing timings in an engine improves breathing thereby improving engine
performance , reducing fuel economy and also reduce harmful emissions.

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Super and Turbochargers
• Super and turbo chargers both are the air compressors It is used for a forced induction of
air in internal combustion engine
• the higher concentration of oxygen provided by supercharge and turbo charger matched
with large amount of fuel provided by fuel injectors thus boosting the power of engines.
• The working principle of super and turbo chargers is same but the power source is
different for both, the superchargers take its power from crank shaft while turbochargers
will draw power from exhaust gasses.

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Twin Fuel Engine-Bobcat Project
• It was first unveiled to US department of Energy and SAE International in 2009
• It uses two fuel at one time --- Gasoline and Ethanol
• Gasoline-Air mixture is brought to combustion chamber through intake a manifold ,
which is a conventional method.
• While ethanol is directly injected into combustion chamber with high pressure.
Advantage
• The octane number of the twin fuel is 130, which is much higher than normal gasoline
that is 91

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Sub title can go hereCamless Engines
• In camless engines, camshaft has been removed
• Instead it uses electrical system to control the operation of valves
Advantages
• More intelligent than any other technology
• VVTi, VVTLi and Dual VVTi are all achieved at one time by installing
Electro-Mechanical Valves
• They are more efficient

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Variable Length Intake Manifold
• In this type of engine, the length of the intake tract is made variable in order to
optimize power and torque
• It is achieved by installing two separate intake ports
• One have a shorter path which is used when engine is at full load
• The longer path is used when the engine is operating at lower load
Advantages
• More efficient system
• Less engine knocking