9. Rail
• Lowest overall cost
per unit weight
• Consistent time
schedule
• Recommended with
most commodity types
• Weather
10. Rail
• Disadvantages
– Inflexibility
– Potential damage of goods
– Ineffective with small shipments
11. Water (Ships)
• Large volumes
• Long distances
• Slower than air travel
• Limited access
12. Pipeline
• Transport of homogeneous
materials
• Lower transportation costs than
other modes
• Higher initial costs
• Unable to transport a variety of
materials
13. Intermodal
• Use of various transportation
modes
• Containers
• More popular due to
globalization
14. Pricing
• Handling characteristics
• Distance freight is moved
• Weight of freight
• Costs inversely related to speed of service